Currently, early-maturing garlic has been harvested in many regions, and some late-maturing garlic has been smoked to the end. After the garlic is harvested, the apex advantage is lifted, and it enters the bulb expansion stage of garlic, and the nutrients in the leaf sheath are gradually concentrated and transported to the garlic head, and the garlic head is rapidly expanded. The quality of the management level in this period will directly affect the yield and quality of garlic, at this time should ensure the supply of nutrients, scientific and rational use of plant growth regulators, protect leaves and green leaves, ensure leaf function, promote garlic expansion, improve yield and quality.
First, strengthen water and fertilizer management:
After the garlic harvest, into the garlic growth period, at this time the water demand is larger, watering should be based on the moisture in the field, with small water water mainly, keep the soil moisture content in 70-80%, generally about 7 days to water once. In addition, the garlic demand for nutrients in this period is large, and this period is also the peak period of garlic potassium demand, fertilization should be based on high potassium water-soluble fertilizer, can be combined with watering to apply high potassium water-soluble fertilizer (10-10-30 + TE) for flushing, and with 1 kg per mu with 18% chlorinated choline · naphthalene acetic acid together, in order to supplement the nutrients required by the plant, delay plant aging, promote the transformation of photosynthetic products, promote the expansion of garlic head.
Second, protect the leaves and green leaves
The quality and yield of garlic depends on the growth status of garlic plants, especially the number of green leaves after harvesting, so the focus of management in this period is to prevent dry-tip yellow leaves, preserve leaves and green leaves, prevent premature plant aging, and extend leaf function as much as possible, which can more effectively promote the transformation of photosynthetic products to promote garlic expansion. When picking herbs, be sure to pay attention to not hurting the leaves as much as possible. The influence of garlic leaves on garlic head yield increases with the increase of leaf position. Data show that if you destroy garlic, pour 1-3 leaves, and reduce garlic yield by 29.0%. Destroy the garlic plant and pour 4-6 leaves, and the yield of garlic head is reduced by up to 90%, so the functional leaves of the later protection of garlic are the key to improving the yield of garlic head. Foliar sprays of plant growth regulator brassicalide, protective fungicide pyrazole ester (or 45% zole-valutrazole) and foliar fertilizer potassium dihydrogen phosphate or amino acid water-soluble fertilizers can be applied.
Third, the application of scientific planting and modulation
In the expansion stage of garlic, it is necessary to use plant growth regulators scientifically and reasonably, one is foliar spraying of brassicalide, the other is the application of 18% choline chloride naphthaleneacetic acid, adjusting nutrition, enhancing photosynthesis, preserving green leaves, enhancing stress resistance, preventing premature aging of stems and leaves, and reducing the adverse effects of dry hot air on garlic stems and leaves. Choline chloride naphthaleneacetic acid can promote the transfer of organic nutrients synthesized by leaves to underground bulbs, reduce the consumption of nutrients by aboveground stems and leaves, prevent lodging and premature leaf aging, and promote garlic expansion, thereby improving yield and quality.
Fourth, pest control
This year's climate is special, the garlic field disease is serious, rust, leaf blight and other common occurrences. The main disease of garlic expansion stage is purple spot disease, when the bulb is harmed, water-stained oval or irregular shape spots will be produced on the bulb, which seriously affects the quality of garlic head. For purpuric spot disease, it can be prevented and treated with valents such as pentrazole, imidamin, and phenoxymethaclazole.
The main pests of the garlic expansion stage are garlic maggots, thrips, etc., garlic maggots will eat garlic bulbs, causing bulb rot, harming the root system of garlic, for root maggots can use 15% to kill tick granules, 1% thiothioxamine granules for control of garlic maggots. After the thrips eat garlic leaves, it will cause the leaves to become hard and deformed, resulting in insufficient nutrient supply of garlic, affecting the expansion of garlic bulbs, and 75% thiamethoxine aphidone and 12% methylwire insect aphidnitrile can be used for control.
Garlic expansion period is the rapid growth of garlic bulb period, related to the quality and yield of garlic, we must grasp the management points of garlic expansion period, while strengthening water and fertilizer management, do a good job in pest control at the same time, but also the scientific and reasonable use of plant growth regulators, so as to promote garlic high quality and high yield.
How to choose the harvest timing of garlic, about 18 days after garlic harvest, the leaves of garlic become gray-green, the bottom leaves are withered and yellow, and the false stem is soft and fully expanded, and harvested in time. If the weather is dry, it should be lightly watered once a day before harvest to make the soil moist and conducive to harvesting.