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Today we talk about how the losers dolls destroyed the Wei kingdom.
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I have always said that human history can be summed up in three sentences:
I saw him rise tall
See him feast on guests
I saw him collapse
The hegemony of the State of Wei was the same, it was arduous when it rose up, and when it fell, it was only three or two rounds (turning). The description of this time period (decades) in the Zizhi Tongjian is very fast, and it is obvious that Uncle Guang is stepping on the accelerator, but it includes major events such as the Three Branches of Jin and the Tian Dynasty, and also points to the root cause of the decline of the Wei state.
The first domino of the defeat of the State of Wei, I thought it was the loss of talent after Wei Wuhou took the throne! The State of Wei has changed from a country of import of talents to an export country, you see this unlucky child (Wu Hou)!
First, Wei Wuhou Wei attacked the second and third things
1. Wei Zhen appeared for the first time in the history books
At this time, Wei Zhen was still the crown prince (Shizi), influenced by his father Wen Hou, and also knew how to respect the teacher and give way to Da ru.
Zi struck out, and was attacked by Tian Zi Fang Yu Dao, and got out of the car to ambush him. The sub-party is not polite. Zi Qi, zi fang said: "The rich and noble are proud? Proud of the poor? Zi Fang said: "The poor and the lowly are proud of their ears, and the rich and noble dare to be proud!" The monarch and the proud lose their country, and the doctor and the proud lose their home. Those who have lost their country have not heard of those who have treated the country as well, and those who have lost their homes have not heard of those who have treated them with their homes. If the husband is poor and unworthy, if his words are not used or his deeds are not in harmony, then he will go to his ears and go to peace without being poor and lowly! "The son strikes thank you."
This passage says that Wei Knock went out and met his father Old Wei's teacher (Emperor Shi) Tian Zifang, Xiao Wei immediately got out of the car to pay his respects, Teacher Tian actually did not return the salute, Xiao Wei was very, very very angry, so he sent out a soul torture question: Can the poor be proud or the rich be proud?
Teacher Tian faced this angry bird, concise and positive reply to who can cow X who can not cow X, the poor can immediately leave for another place, can the rich people say to leave? This analysis is also quite insightful today, although the rich second generation has a million family wealth, but also need to attract talents or nothing will be achieved.
Xiao Wei was choked up and speechless, and had to "thank you", the word xie, in the ancient language, has the meaning of thanking sins and apologizing.
2. A dialogue between Marquis Wuhou of Wei and Wu Qi
Wu Hou fuxi river down, the middle stream Gu said Wu Qiyue: "The solidity of the beautiful mountains and rivers, the treasure of this Wei country!" "There is no danger in Germany." (This is the essence of Chinese philosophical thought) Xi Sanmiao, Left Dongting, Right Peng Li; Deyi is not cultivated, Yu extinguishes it. Xia Jie's residence, Zuo Heji, Right Taihua, Yi Que in its south, and sheep intestines in its north; the revision of the government is not benevolent, and The soup is put on it. The kingdom of Shang, left Mengmen, right Taihang, Changshan in its north, the great river through its south; the cultivation of government is not virtuous, and the king of Wu kills it. From this point of view, there is no danger in Germany. If the king does not cultivate morality, the people in the boat are all enemies of the country! Wu Hou yue: "Goodness." ”
This dialogue is classic, and there are various records in the history books.
Wei Wuhou said that I am the Great Wei State Table Mountain River Xiongguan ManDao, very cattle X!
Wu Qi took a basin of cold water: in devotion is not in danger! The people of the domain do not seal the boundaries of the frontier, the solid country does not take the danger of mountains and rivers, and the world does not use the benefits of military revolution! ...... That is to say, the Xiongguan Pass is in the hearts of the people, and only those who win the hearts and minds of the people can hold the country! This is XunZi's thought, and our ancestors more than two thousand years ago were able to highly refine such a philosophical theory, which was very powerful!
To put it more, to look at today's United States with this perspective, is it all right - dividing people into multiple categories (racial contradictions), building bases everywhere (defending the country with danger), and aircraft carriers turning around (threatening people with soldiers). According to Xun Zi, this will have to toss itself to death, and no country can withstand such long-term consumption!
3. Wei Wuhou employs people
Uncle Guang did not send a single comment, silently listing the differences between the father and son employment of Wei Wenhou and Wei Wuhou.
1) Marquis Wen of Wei chose to be the prime minister
Choose between Wei Cheng and Zhai Chun and ask Yu Li Ke (悝). Li Ke did not say it explicitly, and talked about a period of standards, so that Old Wei himself realized, so Wei Wenhou said: I know! At the same time, Li Ke also knew that Old Wei had chosen Wei Cheng.
When Zhai Chun asked, "What point am I inferior to Wei Cheng", Li Ke listed the merits of the two one by one, and Zhai Chun himself felt that Wei Cheng was shorter, and his heart was satisfied and convinced.
2) Marquis Wu of Wei chose to be the prime minister
In the end, taking Tian Wen (not Meng Tianjun) as a photo, Wu Qi was angry: Why not me? Why isn't it me? How could it not be me?
So the two discussed merit, Tian Wen was not as good as Wu Qi, but Tian Wen was born into an aristocratic family, And Wu Qi was a commoner and still had a stain on his body.
Wu Qi's ability was strong and his ambitions were also great, and staying in the State of Wei was always a trouble for the nobles, so the noble leader Gong Shuzuo designed to make Wei Wuhou suspicious of Wu Qi, and Wu Qi could not stay still and went to the State of Chu.
4. The collapse of the Three Jins Alliance
The basic state policy of the Wei Wenhou era was to unite the three Jin Dynasties and unite with the outside world, to beat the Chu state and attack the Qin state; to treat Han Zhao differently, to pull Korea to run the Central Plains and block the Zhao state to prevent the Zhao state from going south to invade the Central Plains, and to use the Zhongshan state in the north to contain the Zhao state so that the Zhao state did not dare to easily go south. This strategy is very wise, although the three Jins have contradictions, but the overall struggle is not broken, cooperation is greater than disputes.
However, after Wei Wuhou came up, he did not have this line of thinking, and first took advantage of zhao's internal strife in an attempt to intervene in the internal abolition of the Zhao state, which was taboo.
Zhao Guo: This person is an officer? Can the uncle endure the aunt can endure?
The rupture of the relationship between the Three Jins began here. Once this step is reached, the contradiction between the three Jins will inevitably be used by the neighboring powers, burying nails, tripping, and borrowing strength to fight. The most fatal thing is that Zhao Guo completely distrusted the State of Wei and had an iron heart to make enemies with the State of Wei (south to the Central Plains), which caused the State of Wei to always have a knife hanging above his head (north).
Later, Zhu Yuanzhang's evaluation of Wei Wuhou was rather low: "The king of Xichuzhuang plotted and acted, and the group of ministers could not be arrested, and there was a worry in the direction." The Marquis of Wei Wu plotted and acted, and the group of ministers could not be caught, and there was joy in the direction. Fu Yi was happy and worried, and he lost his judgment, so it can be seen that Wu Hou is not as good as Chu Zhuang ye! ”
Second, Wei Xiang Wang Wei Baby two or three things
If Wei Wuhou took the first step, then this Wei infant had completed the remaining ninety-nine steps.
Wei Bao was able to go so far because he lived a long life and reigned for 49 years! Wei Baby in the black fission part of "Great Qin Empire" is still very interesting, and everyone is interested in going to see it.
1, Wei Guo almost burped
Wei Dafu Wang was wrong out of Ben Han. Gongsun Ji said of Marquis Yi of Han: "Wei chaos is preferable." "Yi Hou Nai and Zhao Chenghou joined forces to fight Wei, fought in Turbidity, broke it, and besieged Wei. Cheng Hou said: "Infanticide, the establishment of the public in the middle of the slow, the cession of the land and retreat, the interests of our two countries are also." Yi Hou Yue: "No." Kill Wei Jun, tyranny; cut the land and retreat, greedy also. Not as good as two. Wei is divided into two, not stronger than Song and Wei, then I will not have Wei in the end. Zhao Ren did not listen. Yi Hou was displeased and went with his soldiers at night. Zhao Chenghou also went. Infant Sui killed the duke slowly and stood up for the king of Hui.
When Wei Wuhou came off the line, the question of who would take over was not handled well, and there was internal chaos, and it was Wei Bao and Gongzhong Who were fighting at that time. Han Zhao sent troops to take advantage of the fire to loot, and the two countries joint troops broke the Wei army, and there was a disagreement at the moment of the door.
Han Zhao's little abacus:
Zhao Guo, to kill Wei Baby Li Gong Zhongliang (set up a puppet, Wei State will become an extension of Zhao Guo's power)
South Korea, vowing to die, originally the three Jin Dynasty South Korea is the weakest, Wei State fell to Zhao State, South Korea must not die warp! Therefore, Korea wanted to divide the Wei state in two, and use the pro-Korean Wei state against the pro-Zhao Wei state.
The two countries argued and refused to budge. South Korea then withdrew its troops late at night – if you can't get the best result, you can't choose the worst result!
When Zhao Guo saw it, the cooked duck flew away, and he had to scold and grin!
Wei Guo escaped the disaster like this, is it not very dramatic. Wei Wenhou had a spirit in heaven, and he was eager to come back to life and slap his son's two hundred big mouths!
Uncle Guang couldn't bear to speak, but just transferred the words of Uncle Qian'er from the old paper pile:
Tai Shi Gong Yue: King Hui of Wei is therefore immortal, the country is not divided, and the plot of the two kingdoms is not harmonious. If it is from the family's plot, Wei will be divided. Therefore, it is said: "In the end of the king, there is no suitable son, and his kingdom can be broken." ”
Later history has repeatedly proved this passage, the eldest brother did not choose a successor before hanging up, and the country must fall into civil strife!
2. Wei Martingale leaves Wei
Wei Martin went to the Qin Kingdom, and posterity looked at this section, which was an epoch-making and history-changing event, but at that time, farts did not count!
Uncle Wei Xianggong (the man who designed to expel Wu Qi) is no longer working, and King Hui of Wei visits the sick and asks who can take your class by the way. Uncle Gong recommended his student Wei Martingale, and also told him to use it if you can use it, kill him if you can't use it, and don't let him go.
As a result, King Hui of Wei was useless and did not kill, and Wei Martin went to the Qin Kingdom and became a Shang Martingale!
King Wei Hui: You may not believe it when you say it, I came online with a task, and my task is to use the State of Wei to drag the nations, cover the rise of the State of Qin, and complete the great cause of the reunification of the motherland!
Wei Wenhou: I slapped you to death!
3. King Hui of Wei and King Wei of Qi on treasure
This paragraph was something I read when I was very young and was very impressed.
King Qi Wei and King Hui of Wei would meet Tian Yu in the suburbs. Hui Wang: "Qi also has a treasure?" Wei Wang: "Nothing." Hui Wang said: "Although the widow country is small, there are still pearls of diameter and inch, and there are ten pieces of twelve multipliers in front of and behind the car." Is it not a great kingdom without treasure? King Wei said, "The reason why the widow is a treasure is different from the king." If our subjects have tanzi and make them guard the southern city, then the Chu people do not dare to be Kou, and the twelve princes of Sishang all come to the dynasty. If our subjects have hopes, so that they can guard gao Tang, then the Zhao people do not dare to fish in the river in the east. If we have a Qianfu and make them guard Xuzhou, then the Yan people sacrifice the North Gate, the Zhao people sacrifice the West Gate, and the migrants have more than 7,000 families. Our subjects have a kind of leader, so that the thieves will not be left behind. These four subjects will shine a thousand miles, and they will be multiplied by twelve! "Hui Wang is ashamed.
Wei Huiwang: I have a lot of treasures, pick a few to tell you, produced in Kunlun's night pearl, out of the car at night, each car hangs two, clear, no need to light a torch. There are also coral trees in the East China Sea, and ten strong men can't hold hands... What treasure do you have, old tian, you talk about it.
King Qiwei: I don't have this kind of treasure you mentioned, but I have another kind of treasure. I got a talent, put him on the southern border, and soon, the arrogant Chu state sent emissaries to coexist peacefully with the state of Qi and not invade each other, to be partners and brothers for generations; I got another talent, put him to the north, and soon, the Yan state and the Zhao state no longer dared to invade the border, and my border people lived and worked in peace and contentment; I got another talent, let him govern Linzi, and soon, the road did not pick up and close the house at night.
Finally, King Qi Wei concluded: These talents will illuminate the future generations, not only to illuminate a few cars!
If I were King Hui of Wei, I'd love to have a crack in the ground.
4. Military defeat
The decline of a powerful power must be accompanied by military defeat, the State of Wei is in a land of four wars, and it is impossible not to decline with troops. The military defeat of the State of Wei can be summarized as two defeats: the defeat of Guiling and the defeat of Maling. The victims of these two defeats are called Pang Juan, the planner is called Sun Zhen, the situation of these two wars I will talk about in the following article (students of Ghost Valley), here is not much to say, simply refine some lessons for your reference: patriotic love and love of the family and love the brother (sister), fire prevention and theft prevention brother!
After the defeat of Maling, Pang Juan committed suicide, and the military strength of the State of Wei was devastated, the State of Wei, which had no army support, took a major turn in its fortunes and slipped into a second-rate life-saving role. Behind the military defeat is the diplomatic and economic failure of the political hemorrhoids of the Wei state barrel management class, such as the serious internal friction in the Three Jin Dynasties, allowing the Qin state to rise, fighting the Chu state today and attacking qi tomorrow, the east with a hammer and a stick in the west, without a unified plan, and so on.
The economic failure is not clearly written in the history books, but Xunzi's article reveals:
Wei's martial pawn, to take it. The armor of the three genera, the crossbow of the twelve stones, the fifty arrows of the negative service, the top of the sword, the crown with the sword, the winning of the grain of three days, the middle of the day and the hundred miles. In the middle test, it will restore its household and benefit its field house. It is a few years and has not been able to take it, and it is not easy to renovate it. Although the homeland is large, its taxes will be reduced, and it is also a soldier of the dangerous country.
That is to say, the selection criteria of Wei Wuzu were extremely high and the combat effectiveness was extremely strong, which was also the reason why Wei Guohe was the leader of the group in the early Warring States period. However, behind wei Wuzhu's strength, the state must give soldiers great economic benefits (free of military service and free of land rent), which leads to the need to fight a war, it is necessary to increase troops, the increase in troops must give economic benefits, the state's resources (human, material and financial resources) are limited, and eventually drag down the finances, so this is a dangerous soldier of the country!
Speaking of this, it is very telling to think of a conversation between Wei Wenhou and Li Ke (悝):
Wei Wenhou asked Yu Li Keyi, "Why did Wu die?" Right: "Count the battles and win." Wen Hou said: "Count the battles and win the victories, and the blessings of the country are also. Why should the soldiers die? Li Keyi: "If you count battles, the people are tired; if you win a few battles, you are proud." To rule the tired people with pride, so it is also dead. It is therefore a belligerent soldier, and there is no immortal also. ”
Wu Guo (Fu Cha), who was dancing with his teeth and claws, beat the Chu state without temper, and once went north to compete with the Jin state for hegemony, but why did he come and go in a hurry like a meteor across the sky?
Because of repeated battles and victories, excessive consumption of national strength! If the people are tired after repeated battles, the lord is proud when he wins repeatedly, and the arrogant lord leads and commands the tired people, how can he not be defeated.
Fighting a war hurts the national strength, and if we win a war, we must be more careful and know how to exercise restraint! -- Compared with today's United States, for more than a decade, it has fought Iraq and Afghanistan, messed up Egypt, Libya, Syria, Ukraine, and also looked at Iran, and at the same time, it has come to the South China Sea and the Taiwan Strait every three to five years to show its muscles... Excessive use of troops is not a blessing for the country.
This article tells the process of the defeat of the father and son of The Marquis of Wei and the King of Wei Hui, the State of Wei opened the prelude to the reform of the Warring States, although it could not wait for the final harvest, but the prosperity and decline of the State of Wei enlightened the later countries, accelerated the historical process, and affected the future direction.