<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > this is the real Spring and Autumn Qin Mu Gong (19).</h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > chief writer: Idle Lesheng</h1>
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Qin Mugongzhi was determined to dominate the Central Plains, but he was repeatedly blocked by the Jin State, and the Battle of Kun and the Battle of Peng Ya were repeatedly defeated by the Hands of the Jin State. In fact, to tell the truth, Mu Gong's strategic policy is problematic, just like what Uncle Jian and Bai Lixi said when they first arrived in the Qin state: The biggest priority of the Qin state at present is to develop production and create a harmonious society; it is necessary to first pacify Guanzhong, to conquer the Western Rong states, to merge their lands, and then wait for the opportunity to cross the Yellow River in the east and compete with qiangjin for hegemony. However, the subsequent development of events made Mu Gong gradually deviate from this correct strategic plan, and he fell into a grudge with the Jin State, wasting decades of good time.
The great fortune in misfortune, the fiasco at the Battle of Kun and the death of Uncle Baili Xi made Mu Gong gradually understand the strategic mistakes of the "Left" adventurist line that he had committed in the past, and it seemed that the current national strength of the Qin state was simply not enough to compete with the powerful Jin state in the east. The market in the Central Plains is doomed to have no luck with him.
Since the strategic decision to fight for hegemony in the east had reached a dead end, after Qin Mugong barely defeated the Jin state in the battle of wangguan to regain some face, he decided to shift his strategic focus from the east to the western market, where there was a broader space for exploration.
As we said in the first section of this article, the history of entrepreneurship in the Qin State is a history of constant conquest and slaughter with the Xirong ethnic minorities. Successive monarchs of the Qin state were constantly fighting against these fierce and powerful nomadic peoples, and even when Mu Gong succeeded to the throne, the only territory that the Qin state could control in the Guanzhong region was the southern part of Shaanxi and Gansu, while the northern Shaanxi-Gansu and Ningxia regions were basically controlled by the tribes or states of Xirong. These nomadic peoples with backward production but strong folk customs often raided Qin's borderlands, looted grain, livestock, and children, and caused great suffering to the Qin people, so if the Qin state wanted to one day extend its power to the east of the Yellow River to dominate the Central Plains, it also needed to get rid of these confidants.
Compared with the Northern Di, Dongyi and Southern Barbarians, the horror of the Western Rong is even greater, and the ancients said: "The Rong, the soldier, the fierce." "The name carries a murderous spirit, and what is worse is that for the invasion of Northern Di, Dongyi and Southern Barbarians, the Chinese princes often respond together, while for Xirong, it has always been only borne by Qin Yiguo, such a terrible pressure is unimaginable to our modern people.
Therefore, it is definitely not possible to fight hard, Qin Mugong must talk about a little strategy, otherwise he will take the initiative to attack, and the Qin state will not only be unable to dominate the western region, but I am afraid that he will die ugly.
Among the Western Rong tribes, the most powerful was the State of Mianzhu (in present-day eastern Tianshui, Gansu), whose king could be said to be the spiritual leader of Zhurong, and as long as the powerful Mianzhu could be defeated, other small states would naturally submit to the feet of the Qin State. Therefore, the first person Mu Gong had to deal with now was the Mian Kings.
As a generation of Rong kings, the Mian kings were certainly not easy opponents to deal with, in fact, as early as the second year of the defeat of the Qin state in the Battle of Qin (626 BC), the mian kings sent their most reliant minister, Yu Yu, to the Qin state to explore the false reality of the Qin state, to provide intelligence for Xi Rong, to see how strong the Qin state was under the new defeat, it was worth taking the opportunity to shoot him!
Although Yu Yu was born in Mianzhu, his ancestors were Jin people, so he can be said to be a Jin person who not only speaks Chinese, but also reads poetry and books, and the rural place of Mianzhu belongs to his highest culture, so he is deeply trusted by the kings of Mianzhu and can be reused.
Of course, Qin Mugong was also very clear that the Mianzhu Kings had sent such a person over, named Envoy, who was actually a spy, what to do with him? It's a lot of thought.
In the end, Qin Mugong decided to take Yu Yu to a good tour of the mountains of treasures and grain and magnificent palace buildings in the Qin State to show the national strength of the Qin State, hoping to scare off the Rong people, temporarily protect peace, and wait for the Qin State to ease up and fight with them. You may not know that although the economic and cultural level of the Qin State is not as good as that of the Central Plains, it has always had the tradition of building large buildings, and it is a very perverted infrastructure demon, and the world-famous Dujiangyan Zhengguoqu Great Wall is not to be said, according to archaeological findings, the scale of the city and tombs around the Qin capital Yongcheng in the Spring and Autumn Period is quite amazing. Psychology tells us that the magnificent environment can arouse people's deep awe and surprise by virtue of its extreme scale; and the man-made grand buildings not only make people feel humble and feel their own smallness, but also increase people's sense of belonging to the country, and arouse people's emotions of large-scale cooperation, encouraging people to achieve extraordinary feats and grand causes together. This is true not only of the Qin state, but also of the early history of the entire world. Even in the Neolithic age more than 10,000 years ago, Stonehenge and Megalithic churches appeared all over the world, which not only reshaped human civilization, but also symbolized the origin of human beings entering a complex society.
Pictured: The ruins of the National Sacrifice Platform in Yongcheng, the capital of Qin
In short, Qin Mugong showed off these to rong envoys, which was quite arrogant and quite confident.
Unexpectedly, Yu Yu saw these buildings and treasures and actually said something that made Qin Mugong stunned.
Yu Yu said, "If these palace savings are created by ghosts and gods, then the ghosts and gods are tired; if they are built by the people, then the people also suffer." The most important thing in observing a country is to see whether the people are rich and whether the people's hearts are stable. Such a country is difficult to defeat. Otherwise, if it is only the country advancing and the people retreating, and the people are hurting the money, it is only a temporary strength, and sooner or later it will be abandoned by the people. ”
When Qin Mugong heard this, he was shocked, he did not expect that there were such talents among Rong Di, who were not at all confused by the superficial material prosperity, but opened up another way and saw some of the essence of human society from another angle. Of course, As a mature politician, Qin Mugong would not be fooled by anyone. Even if Yu said it, the grand palace cannot be abolished, and the accumulation of reserves cannot be relaxed, because it can help the country to unite people's hearts and minds to overcome difficulties, in the final analysis, this is the cornerstone of a complex society.
However, Yu Yu's wisdom still surprised Qin Mugong quite a bit, but unfortunately, such a good talent had to stay in a place where the birds did not, which was really violent. Now that the Qin State has no Baili Xi and Uncle Jian, it is precisely when the talents are not in demand, and if they can get Yu Yu's help, it will be of great benefit to the hegemony of the Qin State.
So Mu Gong had the idea of digging the foot of the wall, and for this reason, he pointed out the fatal flaw of Rong Di sharply, hoping that Yu Yu could recognize the reality and abandon the dark to cast light. Mu Gong said: "The countries of the Central Plains used the liturgy and the law to handle government affairs, and from time to time there were disasters; now that Rong Yi has no such thing, how can it be ruled? ”
However, looking at Qin Mugong's towering civilized face, Yu Yu sneered and said in a startling tone, "Isn't this the source of the disasters in your Central Plains powers?" Since the ancient sage Huangdi created liturgical music, and led by example, personally took the lead in implementing it, and then restrained the people, and the result was only a small rule. And in his later generations, the emperor became more and more extravagant and lascivious day by day, and the liturgy was broken, and he could not deceive people, so he could only rely on the law to frighten people, supervise and coerce the people, and the people were extremely poor, and they would resent the king. So the upper and lower levels fought and lost their simple nature, and even killed each other and usurped each other. This is what you call Lilly Dharma! It's ridiculous! And what about us Rong people? It is precisely because the superior does not understand these things that he treats the subjects below with pure benevolence, and the subjects do not understand these things, so they serve the king with loyalty; so that the government of a country is like the rule of the body, the coordination between the upper and lower levels, and the natural nature, this rule of no rule, this is the rule of the true saints. ”
Yu Yu's words, of course, are only his family's words, and may not be the truth. However, there is a core value of his words, that is, no matter how good the system is, as long as the ruler has no morality, it is all false, it is all empty. You civilized people, don't take chicken feathers as arrows, we Rongdi people, don't be happy with you! Take back your disguise and be sincere!
It seems that Yu Yu is indeed quite talented, and his idea of "ruling by doing nothing" can be said to be the predecessor of the later Lao Zhuang thought. In the "Hanshu Yiwen Zhi", there are three articles of "Yu Yu" in the miscellaneous family items, which shows that Yu Yu is still a thinker and philosopher whose works have been handed down from generation to generation, and it is definitely not mu gong who can do it in three words and two words.
In the end, Mu Gong still failed to dig a wall, and was also squeezed out, and his heart was very depressed (Note 1), and after he retired from the dynasty, he found Nei Shi Liao, a wise man recognized by the Qin State, and asked him for advice: "Lonely news 'there are saints in neighboring countries, and the worries of the enemy country', now this Yu Yu is so talented, the widow is very worried, what will it do?" ”
The wise man Nei Shi Liao bowed his head and pondered for a while, and replied, "King Rong lives in a barbaric and remote place, and has never heard the beautiful music of the civilized world of the Central Plains. Try sending him a few beautiful cabaret girls to indulge in pleasure and dash his ambitions. At the same time, we can find an excuse to leave yu mission here temporarily, deliberately preventing them from returning to China as scheduled, so that the king of Rong will feel strange and suspicious of Yu, and once there is a rift between their monarchs and subjects, we can find a way to make Yu Yu used by our country. And the King of Rong is fascinated by music and beautiful women, he will be sluggish in political affairs, giving us the opportunity to take advantage of it, which is called killing two birds with one stone! ”
Qin Mugong thought to himself, or Xiao Liao, you will play with conspiracies and tricks, the widow is ashamed of himself, and when the time is ripe for the Qin State to come out of the east, you can also use this plan to oppose the Eastern powers, then why worry about the Great Qin hegemony?
So Qin Mugong tried to find a way to keep Yu Yu, and tried his best to envelop him, sitting with him every day, passing on the instrument and eating, and taking the opportunity to ask Yu Yu about the terrain and troops of Rongdi, at the same time, the King of Rong also laughed at the sixteen beautiful music girls given to him by the Qin State, and he was very fond of infatuation, listening to music during the day and playing with women at night, and did not move the tribe to change the grassland for a whole year, and the result was that the upward and downward effects were exhausted, the government was ruined, and the cattle and horses were half dead. At this time, Qin Guocai finally let Yu Yu return to Rongdi, and Yu Yi looked at it, and his heart was cold, and he found that the simple atmosphere of Rongdi that he had been proud of had disappeared, and the kings and nobles of the Mian dynasty seemed to have changed as individuals, all indulging in the sound and color wine banquet, and completely no longer trusted Yu Yu, who had not returned to Qin. After all, Yu Yu did not have the blood of the Rong people, and there was an innate estrangement between them, and they could not withstand provocation at all. As a result, yu Shu did not listen and was discouraged, and he finally realized that the high-level civilization had to deal with barbarians, which was really a kind of dimensionality reduction blow; he laughed at the liturgical fa for half a day and advocated the mellow simplicity of half a day, and as a result, Qin Mugong only sent sixteen music girls to smash everything. Those who were once so simple wranglers could not resist even the slightest temptation in the end, and it was ridiculous to talk about the rule of the saints.
Painfully contemplating the pain, Yu Yu began to reflect on his pain. At this time, Qin Mugong took advantage of the void and repeatedly sent people to secretly invite Yu Yu, who saw that the water was difficult to harvest, so he had to leave the King of Rong and surrender to the Qin state. Mu Gong was overjoyed, and immediately promoted him to vice premier and senior adviser to the Working Group of Pingding Xijong.
At this time, it was already 624 BC, the State of Qin finally defeated the State of Jin in the Battle of wangguan, everything was ready, the work of pacifying Xi Rong was finally put on the agenda, and the elderly Mu Gong felt that the hegemony of the State of Qin had never been so close to him. A hundred years is too short, only to fight for the day, he has wasted too much youth, this late opportunity he must seize. The following year, in 623 BC, the Qin army attacked Xi rong with Yu Zhizhi, surrounded Mianzhu with lightning speed, and captured the mianju kings alive under the wine bottle. Qin Mugong took advantage of the victory and marched westward, and twelve small states of Xirong successively submitted to the Qin state. The state of Qin then set aside thousand miles, with borders stretching from Qinling to the south, Todadi Dao (present-day Lintao, Gansu), north to Shuyanrong (present-day Yanchi, Ningxia), and east to the Yellow River, bringing almost all the vast areas of Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia under the control of the Qin state. We know that the vast territory is the cornerstone of a great power; in this respect, Qin Mugong is the greatest founder of Great Qin.
In fact, the entire Spring and Autumn Warring States period was the process of Zhuxia expanding outward and Yidi retreating outward, and the greatest contribution was the three hegemonic states of Qin, Chu, Jin (Zhao). And those who eventually unify the world will also be produced from the competition among these three powers.
Thinking that the eastward migration of the Zhou Chamber was caused by the Rong troubles, so Qin's Western Expansion also made the King of Zhou very excited, so Tianzi sent a summoning prince to congratulate him, and named The Duke of Qin Mu as the Lord of the Western Province, thanking him for the shame of Zhou Room Yixue in that year, and giving him gold and war drums, hoping that he would continue to attack the Rong people and honor the king. Qin Mugong was overjoyed, so he ordered that the water be changed to Bashui, and a bashi city was built on the east bank of bashui (near the present-day Xiwang Subdistrict) to show his hegemony.
After struggling for thirty-six years, and finally waiting for this belated hegemonic position, Mu Gong's mood was mixed, and he also remembered many people in the past: Bo Le, JiuFanggao, Gongsun Zhi, Baili Xi, Uncle Jian, Jin Hui Gong Yi Wu, Jin Wen Gong Zhong'er, Jin Huai Gong Yuan, Lady Bo Ji, Ai Nu Chen and Wen Wei, and the thirty thousand soldiers who died in the Battle of Kun, these lovers, relatives and enemies have either died, or they are in a distant place, their figures are constantly shaking in front of his eyes, and they are constantly drifting away. Qin Mugong felt that his life was really not easy.
Therefore, Qin Mugong, who had embarked on the peak of his life, once again became overwhelmed and acted arbitrarily, and made the last and most absurd decision of his life, a decision that finally made the Qin state collapse again, ushering in more than two hundred and forty years of decline and civil strife. The river is leisurely, when the "bashui" slowly becomes the "bashui", the hegemony of the millennium ago has long been washed away by the river. When people were playing here, they could hardly remember Qin Mugong, and at most they could think of Bashang (Note 2) letting go of Liu Bang's Western Chu overlord Xiang Yu. It seems that Qin Mugong's hegemony seems to have drifted away with the water, and there are no waves.
Note 1: Of course, Yu Yu's words are quite enlightening to the Qin state. The Qin people originally longed for the poetry and ritual culture of the Central Plains, and Qin Mugong once had a fairly high level of poetry with zhao wan, a sage of the Jin Dynasty (see Jin Wen Gong), but he was not very enthusiastic about it after that. Later, the Qin state unified the world and took the route of the Fa.
Note 2: It is named after the bashui West Plateau, which is now Bailuyuan.