At present, cotton is in the middle of the field management, is an important period of the formation of yield, field management work is still water and fertilizer operation as the center, with plant protection as the focus, scientific operation planning, fine management. The current agricultural production management recommendations are as follows:
First, timely topping
1． Topping purpose: Cotton has unlimited growth habits, the top growth advantage is strong, and the water and nutrients are given priority to supply the top. Through the topping, the growth advantage of the top of cotton can be eliminated, the vegetative growth of cotton can be promoted to the transformation of reproductive growth, and the early ringing of cotton, multi-ringing, reduction of shedding, and increase production and efficiency can be promoted.
2. To beat the top, we must adhere to the principle of "when the branches are not equal, when the branches are not equal". When the branches are not equal: it means that if the expected number of fruit branches is long enough, regardless of the time sooner or later, hit the top; when the unequal branches are reached, even if the expected number of fruit branches is not long enough, it can no longer wait, and it is necessary to decisively hit the top.
3. Cotton development status: Since entering June, due to drought and little rainfall, the cotton growth process has advanced earlier than in previous years. At present, cotton has entered the flowering stage, cotton fields have been successively into the two water, the daily growth rate is 1.8-2 cm, the plant height is between 50-56 cm, and there are generally 6 moss fruit branches.
4. Topping time: It is recommended to carry out the topping in an all-round way on June 25 and end the topping before July 5. All units are required to hold a meeting on the topping site in a timely manner to ensure that the topping work is completed as scheduled.
5. Topping quality: Knock off "one leaf and one heart", you must bring a flower bag when hitting the top, and take the tip of the top group out of the field and bury it deeply. After the topping, a single plant retains an average of 6-7 fruit branches, and the natural height of the cotton plant is about 65cm, and it is necessary to re-top in time after the topping to avoid too much leakage affecting the overall development of cotton.
6. Chemical regulation: after the topping, after the second fruit node of the top fruit branch of the cotton plant grows, then the control is carried out, and the time is generally controlled 8-10 days after the topping, to ensure that the inverted three fruit branches have 3-4 bells. For cotton fields with different growth trends, they should be treated differently: First, only one chemical control is carried out after the normal cotton field is capped, and 6-8 grams of accreditylamine are used per mu. Second, for the cotton field with strong growth, two chemical control should be carried out after the topping, and the second chemical control should be carried out 10 days after the first chemical control, and 6-8 grams of microcarbonate should be used per mu. In order to prevent the excessive elongation of the upper branches from causing the middle to be depressed, and to control the growth of ineffective buds and extra buds, it is forbidden to use acetidamide control in large doses at one time.
Second, water and fertilizer planning
1. Irrigation: water and fertilizer operation planning is the main work of the current field management, all units should scientifically plan water and fertilizer, strictly grasp the quality of irrigation, uniform water and fertilizer, fine management, and achieve balanced yield increase.
The irrigation of cotton and two waters has begun one after another, and it is recommended that the irrigation amount per mu be about 25 square meters, and the two committees of the company should continue to manage the irrigation order of the company, reasonably arrange irrigation according to the growth of cotton, shorten the irrigation cycle, adhere to the three fixed principles of "fixed area, fixed amount of water, and fixed time" to improve irrigation efficiency.
Irrigation adheres to high-pressure operation, drip irrigation belt end pressure of more than 0.8 kg, to prevent running and dripping; cotton field line does not see water, the ground does not accumulate water.
2. Fertilization: According to the growth trend of crops, break the original management ideas and fertilize cotton. In the stable cotton field, it is not recommended to adjust, drip urea 2 kg / mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-4 kg. Prevent excessive nitrogen fertilizer from causing cotton to grow and small bells to fall off.
Growing in the cotton field, timely do a good job of chemical adjustment, extend the irrigation cycle, mu drip urea 1-2 kg / mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3 kg.
Lei Baotou cotton field, the recent is not recommended to adjust, drip water needs to bring fertilizer, urea 3-5 kg / mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3 kg.
Third, plant protection work
(1) The current occurrence and prediction of insect situation
1. Cotton bollworm: According to the lamp temptation, June 9 entered a generation of cotton bollworm adult feathering period, and June 18 began to enter a generation of cotton bollworm adult feathering period. From June 18 to 20, the number of eggs in the field was 1-2 grains/100 plants, and the 1-3 instar larvae were 0-1 head/100 plants, and the peak incubation period and the best period for control of second-generation larvae were expected to be from June 21 to June 28. Occurs moderately to mildly.
2. Cotton leaf mite: Due to the spot control or general prevention of cotton leaf mites before head water, cotton leaf mites are currently in the central plant or spot slice occurrence state. The temperature conditions in late June, coupled with the fact that on June 25, the cotton fields of our regiment began to be fully capped, and the manual operation was frequent, which was extremely beneficial to the occurrence and spread of cotton leaf mites. It is expected that cotton leaf mites will further spread and spread in some cotton fields from late June to early July.
3. Cotton aphid: The continuous high temperature weather in mid-June is not conducive to the occurrence of cotton aphids, and some cotton fields are still in the state of the central plant or small central piece. According to the survey on June 19, the rate of aphid plants in the cotton field is 1%-13%, and the number of aphids in 100 plants is 150, of which 3 are 100 plants with winged aphids, and it is expected that the cotton aphids will migrate and spread in July.
4. Double-spotted firefly leaf beetle: due to the prevention and control, it has been effectively controlled. At present, the amount of occurrence in the cotton field is small.
(2) Natural enemies
According to the survey, 0-2 heads of 100 spiders, 0-4 heads of ladybird larvae, and 0-1 heads of grasshoppers.
(3) Suggestions for recent plant protection work
1. Do a good job in the prevention and control of cotton bollworms. First, when the cotton is topped, the top is brought out of the cotton field in a timely manner to concentrate treatment, reduce the amount of eggs in the field, and reduce the harm of cotton bollworm larvae; second, when the number of 100 eggs in the cotton field reaches 6 or the 100 larvae reach 3, from June 21 to June 28, the pesticides such as insect mite and indigovirus are used to prevent and control pesticides such as insect mite and indigovirus, bevin salt, cotton bollworm karyotype polyhotrevirus, chloranthrum benzamide and so on.
2. Earnestly strengthen the investigation and prevention of cotton leaf mites. The central plant plot is timely used for pick-up or spot control, and the use of broad-spectrum pesticides is strictly prohibited, and the use of cotton fields with large amounts of control indicators (the rate of mites before the topping reaches 5% or the rate of mites after the top reaches 10%), the use of 10% avermectin 10 ml + 34% spironite esters 5 ml, avermectin + tetramethazine, avermectin + ethanazole, 20% avi ethazole and other specialized acaricides for general prevention. When applying the drug, it is necessary to pay attention to the prevention and control of dead corners such as the edge of the ground. Secondary control is carried out 4-5 days after the first treatment.
3. Strengthen the investigation of cotton aphids and the prevention and control of spotting. Closely monitor its dynamics, so that early detection and early prevention, and control it within the range of points. Due to the current small amount of aphids in the cotton field, large-scale spray prevention and treatment should be avoided as much as possible, and it is not recommended to use drugs multiple times continuously. The use of broad-spectrum insecticides such as permethrins is strictly prohibited.
4. Do a good job in the investigation and prevention of blind bugs, when the mouth of 100 plants of cotton blind bugs reaches 5, timely prevention and control, and the drug is used for acetamidine agents for prevention and control.
5. Do a good job in the investigation and prevention of grape downy mildew, powdery mildew and other diseases and insect pests.
6. According to the current cotton growth situation, in order to improve the effect of pest control, it is recommended that the owners of various operating machines carefully debug the sprayer and install a long hanging. As well as do a good job in all aspects of the protection of the locomotive, so as not to cause mechanical damage to cotton.
7. At present, it is the peak period for the use of drugs for the prevention and control of pests and diseases, and it is necessary to use pesticides in strict accordance with the "Regulations on the Safe Use of Pesticides", and pay attention to the scientific and rational rotation of pesticides, strictly prohibit the use of broad-spectrum pesticides and pesticide varieties banned by the state, and earnestly do a good job in the centralized incineration or burial of pesticide packaging, prevent the occurrence of pesticide safety accidents, and ensure the quality and safety of human, animal, environmental and agricultural products.
Fourth, grape management work
1. Continue to do a good job of tying branches, pruning secondary branches, and removing tendrils. Leave more leaves near the fruit spikes of the Red Ti variety to avoid the occurrence of sunburn.
2. Fruit ear management, remove shoulder earlet, do a good job of fruit thinning.
3. At present, the grapes are in the critical period of fruit expansion, the two committees of the company must give priority to meeting the water demand of the vineyard, irrigate the puffed fruit water in June and July, the amount of water is 30 square meters / mu, urea is applied with water droplets 5 kg / mu (2 kg / mu of urea is dripped with the Waterson variety), one ammonium is 5 kg / mu, potassium sulfate is 10-15 kg / mu, and humic acid is 2 kg / mu.
Foliar fertilizer: spray foliar fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 500 times liquid 3 times, chelated calcium 1-2 times, boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer 1 time, spray concentration subject to the instructions.
4. Disease and pest control: according to the type of diseases and insects in the field, the symptoms should be controlled, and the protective agent and the therapeutic agent should be used alternately. Strengthen the prevention of powdery mildew and downy mildew after flowering.
Powdery mildew can choose stone sulfur compound, phenoxymethozole, pentazole, enazole, nitricosole, nitricosole, etc., downy mildew can choose copper hydroxide, methyl cream, enoyl morpholine, pyrimidyl ester, etc., generally in the medium amount of rain can be applied in time when it can go to the ground or after irrigation.
Felt disease can be controlled by spraying pyridine, spirant esters and avermectin. For the diplodocus and the green leafhopper, it is necessary to grasp the nymph stage with high-efficiency cypermethrin, imidacloprid, etc. for prevention and control.
Pay attention to the alternating use of agents, be sure to strictly spray the quality, the spray atomization is good, the leaves and fruits must be sprayed.
5. Remove orchard weeds and keep orchard clean. The use of herbicides is strictly prohibited in orchards.
5. Other work
1. Summer harvest work: (1) The company should make preparations before the summer harvest of wheat. Growers are required to manually remove weeds from wheat fields as soon as possible, clean up weeds on the edge of the ground, clear obstacles for mechanical harvesting, and ensure the normal harvest of wheat. (2) The Harvester Agricultural Development Center has coordinated and harvested in an orderly manner. (3) Do a good job in the delivery and sale of summer grain, and coordinate the two committees of the company to ensure smooth flow.
2. Animal husbandry: (1) Do a good job in the prevention and control of various animal epidemics, especially African swine fever. Epidemic prevention is territorial management, and the company must take responsibility and check one by one to ensure that prevention and control are in place. (2) Cooperate with the demolition of dangerous old houses, and do a good job in the relocation and resettlement of forbidden areas.
3. Safe production work
June is the nineteenth national safety production month, all units should closely focus on this year's safety production month "eliminate hidden dangers of accidents, build a solid safety defense line", the use of national flag raising, staff meetings, staff WeChat groups and other ways and methods to strengthen the publicity and education of "black car non-driving, unlicensed driving, ultra-long and ultra-wide transport units, tractor scrap cancellation" and other aspects, increase the work sites, agricultural machinery parking sites and agricultural machinery professional cooperatives and other places of safety production hidden dangers investigation and routine inspection work. Strive to avoid any accidents during the safety production month.
Recently, tractors are basically carrying out chemical blending and insect control operations, sprayers belong to ultra-wide agricultural tools, and all companies should strengthen the publicity and daily inspection of the work of pasting reflective films to eliminate potential safety hazards.
In the wheat summer harvest work, all units must conduct qualification audits of harvesters and driving operators, focusing on checking whether the harvester has passed this year's annual inspection (inspection seal buckle until 2021), whether the driving operator holds a license (R photo) that matches the driving permit, and the fire extinguisher equipment (four 8 kg fire extinguishers), and one of the above conditions is not met, and it is not possible to operate.
The two committees of the company should inform the tractor drivers of the plant protection operation to avoid the operation during the high temperature period as much as possible to prevent the high temperature transpiration effect and cause the occurrence of poisoning incidents of tractor driving operators.
The company promptly organized personnel to remove dead branches, dead trees, and broken trees from the forest belt, so as to avoid windy weather and tree fall and injure people.
Source: 148 Regiment Agricultural Development Service Center 2020 Seventh Agricultural Proposal, Graphic Editor: Tianshan Plant Protection, please indicate the source!