Fumifumi Fujiwara Shiraki @bigfun community
sugar
Mechanized, inexpensive natural sugar substitutes can be used in a variety of fortification situations and are often used as raw materials for manufacturing station synthesis projects.
It has a faint sweetness and may be edible. At the same time, its solutions are also commonly used in chemical applications.
The mechanized small amount of sugar cubes can be used in a variety of fortification situations and is often used as a raw material for synthetic projects in manufacturing stations.
Slightly more expensive sugar made from natural raw materials. Ahhh, this taste... It will bring a good mood. Not for snacking.
Mechanized medium-amount sugar blocks can be used in a variety of fortification situations and are often used as raw materials for crafting projects at manufacturing stations.
Energy-packed, popular sugar cube pack. Before being processed into a chemical material, the portion size is always reduced. The employees on the assembly line seem to be inseparable.
A large number of mechanized sugar cubes can be used for a variety of fortification occasions and are often used as raw materials for synthetic projects at manufacturing stations.
Tempting piles of finished sugar cubes, often used to prepare pharmaceuticals. It is strictly forbidden to steal food before processing! This is not a normal food, nor will it be sold as food! No!
Sugar has always been a very interesting thing, as early as the 1930s, when Ji Xianlin was studying Sanskrit in Germany, he began to notice an interesting phenomenon: in many European and American languages (that is, the so-called Indo-European languages), the word "sugar" is said, the English is sugar, the German is Zucker, the French is sucre, the Russian is caxap, and other languages are similar. These words are foreign languages, and the root is the Sanskrit sarkara. According to the laws of linguistic flux, a country does not have a certain thing, which is imported from a foreign country, often even the name is brought in, and becomes a transliteration in this country. In China, there are many such examples, such as: coffee, cocoa, beer, apple pie, etc., and the list goes on. The loanword "sugar" shows that there was no sugar in Europe, but india did. The physical object comes in with the name, which is cultural exchange. This discovery left a deep impression on Ji Xianlin's mind, but at that time he did not have the idea of writing a "History of Sugar". [1]
Sugar, or sweetness, is very important to humans. Human ancestors have long discovered that sweet foods in nature can provide more energy. Not only that, but scientists have long demonstrated the existence of "eating impulses" in mice, and that sugar can have effects similar to the use of cocaine, such as changing moods, possibly through its ability to generate rewards and pleasant sensations, causing people to like to eat sugar. Once the brain becomes desensitized to sugar and needs more amounts of sugar to achieve the same sense of reward, the escalation in intake becomes perfectly consistent with the characteristics of drug abuse. [2] Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute of Drug Abuse, used brain imaging techniques to find that ingesting added sugars is just as like drugs that activate similar areas of the brain. More worryingly, mice that merely tasted sweetness without digesting and absorbing sugar (gastrostomy in mice), or being fed 10% saccharin, could cause the same addiction and withdrawal reactions.
Leaving this aside, let's talk about the process of making sugar
Sugar in early humans was mostly derived from carbohydrates, similar to maltose. In an era when not many people could eat enough, sugar was a proper luxury. Because sugar is too precious, we ancients began to learn a variety of sugar-making processes, Tang Taizong period, Wang Xuance brought the method of sugar back to the Tang Dynasty, so that the level of Chinese sugar-making technology was greatly improved.
The Ming Dynasty Tiangong Kaiwu records: (cane juice) is still yellow and black, the barrel is stored, condensed into black sand, and then slipped on the cylinder with tiles, which slips up and down the wide tip, and there is a small hole in the bottom, plugs the grass, pours the black sand in the barrel inside, and then goes to the hole to plug the grass, and pours it with yellow mud water, in which the black is poured into the cylinder, and the inside is filled with white frost.
The sugarcane that has matured in winter is squeezed with cane juice by a slurry truck, put into the tank, boiled into yellow-black syrup by fire, and poured into another cylinder to condense into black sand sugar; another cylinder is prepared, on which a tile slip (tile funnel) is placed, the leakage of the tile slip is blocked with straw, the black sugar is poured into the tile funnel, and the black sand is settled, the straw is removed, and the black sugar in the funnel is poured with yellow mud water, and the black slag flows from the funnel into the cylinder below, leaving white frost in the funnel, and the top layer is about five inches or more, very white, called Xiyang (the Western Ocean of the Ming Dynasty is now Nanyang). Ji Xianlin said in his book "History of Sugar": The "yellow mud water decolorization method" of boiling white sugar in the Ming Dynasty of China is a great invention of China.
The yellow mud water pouring sugar method was transmitted back to India, so India called this white sugar cini. Through India, white sugar and its technology spread to Europe. In Britain, people began to get used to putting sugar in coffee and tea, and the habit of eating sugar also became a middle-class way of life, and Britain became a sugar-eating country. Britain's sugar-eating fashion led the way throughout Europe, influencing its colonies and the New World. White sugar has become the most fashionable commodity. But Europe did not produce sugarcane, so the evil triangle trade was initiated.
Without mentioning history, returning to our sugar, I don't see any clue about the background molecules on the packaging, but I can see at a glance that the structural formula of the print is not human.
α-D-(+)-glucosepyranopyrifos
The Haworth perspective is also involved here, which is not to be expanded
Glucose is one of the most widely distributed and important monosaccharides in nature. Plants can produce glucose through photosynthesis. Glucose is chemically a polyhydroxyaldehyde, a hexanalose of the hexacarbonose class. There are two kinds of glucose, D-glucose is a simple sugar widely present in nature, which is a component of starch and cellulose. L-glucose is synthesized. In the following figure, the left side is L, and the two on the right are D.
Then it's time for YJ chemistry to have problems.
Sugar substitutes do have their own things, as the name suggests, substitute sugar but not sugar, and 3 generations of sugar can synthesize a sugar, but the description of sugar is a natural synthesis product, and there is a molecular structure from the beginning of sugar.
So the question is, what sugar substitute can synthesize D glucose?
According to GB 2760-86[3]
This is a partial sweetener that can be allowed to be added, just pick a saccharin sodium out
I don't know how this thing synthesizes natural glucose.
However, from this point of view, perhaps the Terra continent does not have the right climate to grow sugar cane sugar beets and so on.
But then again, coconut can also extract glucose
ester
The ester raw materials required for industrial manufacturing can be used in a variety of strengthening applications and are often used as raw materials for manufacturing station synthesis projects.
One of the most important materials in modern industry, many modern products are born thanks to its appearance. Of course, this is just a raw material, and it is almost of no use.
The loose polyegrids required for industrial manufacturing can be used in a variety of strengthening applications and are often used as raw materials for manufacturing station synthesis projects.
Although it is still slightly insufficient in strength, it can already be used to make some of the basic objects we need. It is also a common ingredient in some sustained-release drugs.
A set of polyegrittes required for industrial manufacturing, which can be used in a variety of strengthening applications and is often used as a raw material for manufacturing station synthesis projects.
Further processed materials, which meet common standards, meet the vast majority of demands on the market. Can be used to process some special materials.
The lump polyegrinds required for industrial manufacturing can be used in a variety of strengthening applications and are often used as raw materials for manufacturing station synthesis projects.
Refined and purified material. As a commodity, the main customer is the organization and scientific research institutions that have extremely high requirements for raw materials. Maybe it will become a touchstone for a new generation of materials.
A class of organic compounds formed by the reaction of acids (carboxylic acids or inorganic oxygenic acids) with alcohols is called esters.
Lower esters are volatile liquids with aromas, while higher esters are waxy solids or very thick liquids. The English name of the ester raw material is Ester, which is also an ester, but you don't say what an ester is. It's like your nemesis giving you a bottle of water, not saying what it is, just saying that this thing is drunk. However, considering the high-grade materials behind, let's take him as a single body of polyester.
Polyester, a general term for polymers derived from polyols and polyacid polypolymerization. It mainly refers to polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and customarily includes linear thermoplastic resins such as polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polyaryl esters. It is a class of engineering plastics with excellent performance and wide range of applications.
The last three materials of YJ are Polyester/Polyester Pack/Polyester Lump, which is nothing to say, Polyester, polyester, commonly known as "polyester". It is a synthetic fiber obtained by spinning polyester made of organic dibasic acid and diol condensation, referred to as PET fiber.
The raw material for the ester at the beginning was bishydroxyethyl phthalate (BHET).
So the question arises again, this thing has a melting point of 110 degrees Celsius and is colorless, why is your bottle a green liquid?
The synthesis process is not difficult, the raw materials are terephthalic acid and glycol, which are obtained by oil cracking, and can also be obtained from coal and natural gas. Petroleum is heated and cracked to obtain toluene, xylene and ethylene, etc., and after chemical processing, terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol can be obtained. In the early production of polyester, because terephthalic acid was not easy to refine, dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol were used as raw materials. In 1965, the refining of terephthalic acid was successful, which reduced the polyester production process and reduced the cost. Polyester produced from terephthalic acid and glycol is increasing year by year. Polycondensation: The dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol are exchanged to produce a polyethylene terephthalate oligomer, which is polycondensed under 280 ~ 290 ° C and vacuum conditions to obtain polyethylene terephthalate; or the terephthalic acid is directly esterified with ethylene glycol, and then the ethylene terephthalate is polycondensed to obtain a polyester melt. Polyester melts can be used to prepare polyester slices and melt direct spinning. Polyester slices are sliced by casting strips and dicing polyester melts. [4]
As for the use of polyester fiber is very extensive, good light transmission, impact resistance makes it more powerful than inorganic glass performance; affected by strong radiation, cleaning agents, etc. without physical and chemical properties change makes it widely used in artificial hemodialysis; aerospace, optical lenses, optical lenses, optical discs, etc. have their figures; of course, the most common is polyester clothing. Although YJ materials are quite perfunctory, "it may become a touchstone for a new generation of materials." This sentence is very apt.