Abstract: Chongqing Fantest Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (www.bjftst.com) has been engaged in the research and development and production of feed additives, compound trace element premixes, etc. for many years, and first combined with its own situation, the "trace element additives" are elaborated as follows:
Trace element additive is an additive, the raw material that constitutes the trace element additive, not iron, copper, manganese, etc., but compounds containing trace elements, such as ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate and so on. Some countries collectively refer to these compounds as trace element salts.
First, trace elements ---- iron
Used in feed additives are: ferrous sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ferrous carbonate, ferrous chloride, ferrous phosphate, iron citrate (iron citronate), ferromonium esterate, iron gluconate, iron fumarate (iron fumarate), DL-ferrothreonate, ferromethionine, iron glycinate and the like. Commonly used is generally ferrous sulfate. It is generally believed that ferrous sulfate utilization rate is high and the cost is low. Organic iron can also be well utilized by animals, and the toxicity is low, the processing performance is better than ferrous sulfate, but the price is expensive, and only a small amount is currently used in special cases such as diet and disease treatment of young animals. Iron oxide is almost incapable of being absorbed and utilized by animals, but is used as a colorant for feed in certain premixed feed products.
Second, trace elements ---- zinc
Zinc-containing compounds used in feed additives are: zinc sulfate, zinc oxide, zinc carbonate, zinc chloride, zinc acetate, zinc lactate and the like. Among them, zinc sulfate, zinc oxide and zinc carbonate are commonly used. It is generally believed that these three compounds are well utilized by animals and have essentially the same biological titer. However, it has also been reported that the biological effectiveness of zinc oxide on piglets aged 1 to 3 months is 17% lower than that of zinc sulfate containing 7 crystalline waters. The effectiveness of zinc acetate is the same as zinc sulfate in 7 crystalline waters. According to recent studies, zinc complexes with methionine and tryptophan have high efficacy and are promising zinc additives.
Third, trace elements ---- manganese
Manganese-containing compounds as feed additives include manganese sulfate and manganese carbonate. Manganese oxide, manganese chloride, manganese phosphate, manganese acetate, manganese citrate, manganese gluconate, etc., which are commonly used as manganese sulfate, manganese oxide and manganese carbonate, manganese chloride is not used much because it is easy to absorb moisture. The bioavailability of organic divalent manganese is relatively good, especially for certain amino acid complexes.
Fourth, trace elements ---- iodine
Compounds that can be used as iodine sources are: potassium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodate, sodium iodate, calcium iodate, cuprous iodide, 3,5 diiodosalicylic acid, calcium iodobehenate, ethylenediamine dihydroiodide, thymol iodine and the like. Among them, potassium iodide, sodium iodide can be fully utilized for livestock, but the stability is poor, easy to decompose to cause iodine loss, calcium iodate, potassium iodate is more stable, its biological titer is similar to potassium iodide, so the trace element premix in the United States is the most widely used, but due to low solubility is mainly used for non-liquid feed, the titer of diiodosalic acid is not high, the application is not much, ethylenediamine dihydroiodide is a drug to prevent hoof disease, can also be used as a nutritional additive for iodine. The most commonly used feeds are potassium iodide and calcium iodate.
Fifth, trace elements ---- cobalt
Cobalt-containing compounds that can be used as feed additives are: cobalt chloride, cobalt carbonate, cobalt sulfate (1 crystalline water or 7 crystalline water), cobalt acetate, cobalt oxide and the like. These cobalt sources can be well utilized by animals, but due to their processing properties and prices, cobalt carbonate and cobalt sulfate are the most widely used, followed by cobalt chloride.
Sixth, trace elements ---- selenium
Selenium supplements mainly include sodium selenate and sodium selenite. Both work well, and the biological titer of sodium selenite is higher than that of sodium selenate. Organic selenium (such as selenium methionine) works better than both, but is not widely used at present due to production and price. Currently widely used are sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) and sodium selenate (Na2SeO4 or Na2SeO4.10H2O). Sodium selenite is the most widely used. Sodium selenite is a colorless crystalline powder that is stable below 500~600 °C and slowly oxidizes into sodium selenate when exceeded. The addition of selenium is a highly toxic substance, which needs to be strengthened management, stored in a cold and ventilated place, and the selenium content in the air cannot exceed 0.1mg/m3. Since the needs of animals and the amount of poisoning are not much different, special care should be taken when producing and using, and excessive amounts should not be added.
(1) Must be added in the form of sodium selenite or sodium sulkite;
(2) The dosage is limited, and the amount shall not be added in excess;
(3) In the feed of chickens, ducks, pigs (except piglets), sheep, beef cattle and dairy cows, it must be added in the form of selenium premix, and the selenium content of this premix shall not be higher than 90.8mg/Ib (that is, 200mg/kg);
(4) Where the production of selenium mixed feed factories, each batch of products need to be analyzed for selenium, so that the content of each batch shall not exceed the regulations;
(5) Clearly indicate the method of use in the label, and include the following statement: "Pay attention to the attached usage, this selenium-containing premix should not be used in the feed to increase the amount."
The above information is summarized by Chongqing Fantext Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (www.bjftst.com) based on its own experience.
Chongqing Fantext biotechnology co., LTD. is professional and focused on the research and development and production of trace elements for 12 years, and its achievements have been unanimously recognized by customers at home and abroad.