There is a sentence in the "Book of Poetry, Shao Feng, Bai Zhou" that "the sun dwells in the moon, and the hu is stacked and micro." Among them, "micro" is not the meaning of the small that we commonly use in modern Chinese, nor is it the meaning of the light is unknown, but it refers to the lack of sun and moon, and the use of micro characters is very much, and today's lesson, micro is the key Chinese character.
Following our "Explanation of Characters in Speaking Texts" course, today we will talk about the three Chinese characters of the "彳" department: 彶, <彳歰> and 微. These three Chinese characters, in modern Chinese, only micro is a commonly used Chinese character (in the 1988 "List of Common Words in Modern Chinese"), so micro is an important point of today's Chinese characters, the details of the three characters are as follows:
1. Yi. Read jí. The explanation given by the "Explanation of Words" is "彶, hurry also." From the yo, and the sound. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is to rush. "Guangyun Jiyun": "彶, 彶遽也." "I have not seen any application examples in other texts, so I will not give examples for the time being."
The small seal of the character is written as shown in the figure:
(Small seal writing of 彶字)
2, < YiYi > (GBK character library does not have this word, had to use two parts to synthesize a word). Read sà. The explanation given by the "Explanation of Words" is: "Yi Yi, line appearance." From 彳, 歰 (歰, 歰 (歰, gu tong "shibu") sound". Morphological words. The original meaning is walking. Wang Yun's "Reading of Sayings and Sentences": "However, those who behave in appearance are also said to be people who behave in a way." "Guangyun Heyun" also said: "< Yiyi>, the appearance of all." That is to say, its original meaning mainly refers to the appearance of the people.
In addition, "Ji Yun Ji Yun": "< Yi Yi >, and I can't go forward." "Orthographic Tong Yibu": "< Yiyi >, and he can't walk into the appearance." Obviously, < Yiyi > and he had the meaning of not being able to walk. In fact, this meaning is more in line with the "歰" in the glyph.
In addition to the original meaning, there are other uses of < >: (1) not. For example, Ji Kang's "Qin Fu": "Flying fiber refers to chi bird, < yi > (tà) to flow." Li Shan's note: "< Yi yi >, and there are many voices." < Yi >, not as good as it is. (2) Pass "馺" and "趿". Take the meaning of the common word.
The small seal of the < 歰>歰 character is written as shown in the following figure:
(Small seal writing of 彳歰字)
The above two words are not commonly used Chinese characters, you can understand, the following are the key Chinese characters -
3. Micro. Read wēi. The explanation given by the "Explanation of Words" is: "Micro, hidden line also." From the 彳, (micro-彳) sound. The "Spring and Autumn Biography" said: "Bai Gong is a disciple of his disciples." '' shape sound word. Hidden in the true sense; hidden. Note that it is not a tiny one commonly used in modern Chinese.
Regarding the glyph of micro, there is no "彳" part in the oracle bone, and there is no "彳" part in the golden text, that is, the micro-removed "彳" part is the initial text of the micro. As shown in the figure:
(The development of micro-glyphs in "Etymology")
This glyph consists of two parts, one side is like a person with long hair, indicating hair, and the other side is a knife, equivalent to a hand knife, the hair is originally very small, and then cut, more tiny, less visible, more secretive.
A sentence from the Spring and Autumn Biography mentioned in the commentary of the Shuowen comes from the Sixteenth Year of the Duke of Sorrow: "The White Duke rushed to the mountains and hung, and his vain was small." Du pre-noted: "Micro, hidden also." Kong Yingda quoted Guo Puyue: "Micro is also an escape from Tibet." "It was Bai Gongsheng who fled to the mountain and hanged himself, and his men hid the corpse." It is now generally believed that Bai Gongsheng is the ancestor of the Bai surname, but his grave cannot be found, and this is the reason.
Micro is also used to refer to secret things. For example, "Han Feizi Says Lin Shang": "Fu Tian Zi will have great things, and if I show my knowledge, I will be in danger." "Tian Chengzi is going to do something big, but I have shown that knowing his secret, I must be in danger."
In addition to the above original meaning, there are many uses of micro, such as commonly used sayings:
(1) Secretly; secretly. For example, "Han Feizi Neichu said": "Sima Xi, the subject of Zhongshan Jun, and good at Zhao, tried to tell King Zhao with Zhongshan's plot." Sima Xi was a courtier of the Zhongshan King, but he was friendly with the State of Zhao and once secretly told the King of Zhao about the strategy of the State of Zhongshan.
(2) Observation; reconnaissance. For example, the "History of Xiaowu Benji": "Let people slightly get Zhao Xuan and other treacherous things." Pei Biao's "Commentary on the Collection of Historical Records" quoted Xu Guangyue: "Microscopic service to observe it." Empress Dowager Dou sent someone to carefully investigate the guilt of Zhao Xuan and others.
(Empress Dou in the film and television drama)
(3) Subtle; profound. "Xunzi Unmasking": "It can not be said to be micro-also." Yang Liang noted: "The subtle one is also exquisite." "[The behavior of < jí >] cannot be said to have reached a subtle state.
(4) Unknown; dim. "Jade Chapters and Yobu": "Micro, unknown also." For example, "Poetry Xiaoya October's Turn": "The other month is small, and this day is small." Zheng Xuanji: "Micro, the meaning is unknown also." "Not long ago there was a lunar eclipse, and today there is a solar eclipse. The micro here refers to the dim moonlight and unclear daylight caused by lunar eclipses and solar eclipses (according to astronomers, this is an eclipse on the first day of October in the sixth year of the Zhou Yu King of the Zhou calendar).
(Unclear light caused by eclipses)
Xie Lingyun also has a poem "Shibi Jingshe Returns to the Lake": "It is still early to leave the valley, and the yang of the boat has been weakened." "It means that the sunlight is weak and unclear, and it is late.
(5) Thin; small. "Guangya ShiYi II": "Micro, small also." "Xunzi Feixiang": "Ye Gongzi is tall, tiny and short." "Ye Gongzi is tall, weak and thin. In fact, this Ye Gongzi was tall, and he raised an army to defeat the aforementioned Bai Gongsheng (Xunzi for example, human talent has nothing to do with appearance). Another example is Wang Anshi's "Yi Pan Theory": "Dolphins, the microscopists of the pig are also." "The little pig is called a dolphin, which is a piglet."
(6) Less. "Rituals and Sacrifices": "Although there are strange and evil and those who do not heal, they are microscopic." Zheng Xuan's note: "Wei, You Shaoye," there are very few strange and evil people who are not cured. In this sense, the word often used is "soldier will be widowed".
(7) Deficit of the day and month. "Poetry Shao Feng Bai Zhou": "The sun lives in the moon, and the hu is different and faint." Zheng Xuanjian said: "Slightly said loss and injury also." "O sun, why did you fall?" Moon, why do you have a deficit? This is different from the unclear dim meaning, be careful!
(8) Lowliness. "Ji Yun Wei Yun": "Micro, Lowly." For example, "History of Empress Lü Benji": "Empress Lü, Gao Zuwei Shi Concubine." "Empress Lü was Gao Zu's wife when she was lowly.
(Empress Lü in the film and television drama)
(9) Decline; decline. "Ancient and Modern Rhymes Will Lift The Micro Rhyme": "Micro, decay also." For example, the Analects of the Ji Clan: "The descendants of the three huans of the late husband are weiyi." Xing Fushu said: "The descendants of the three descendants of the old husband sanhuan also declined when they were mourning. "Therefore, the descendants of Meng Sun, Uncle Sun, and Ji Sun will decline."
(10) One of the pulses of Chinese medicine, the finger pulse is small and soft, as if there is nothing. "The Secret of the Shape of the Pulse Meridian": "The micro-veins are extremely thin and soft, or if there is no desire." "Under normal circumstances, micro-veins characterize yin and yang qi and blood deficiencies, mostly as evidence of yang decline.
(11) Used as a quantifier. Two usages: First, the ancient very small unit of measurement. One percent of an inch, or one millionth of a million or two. Modern times also commonly use micrometers with a certain physical unit of measurement to represent one millionth of the quantity, for example, microns, which mean one millionth of a meter; second, the unit of angular radians, one sixtieth of a second.
(12) None, no. For example, the Analects of the Constitution: "Microtubule Zhong, I was sent to the left." He Yan's "Analects of the Analects": "Ma Yue: Micro, Nothing." If there is no stewardship, there is no king, and the subject is not a subject, all of which are Yidi. What Confucius meant by this was that without Guan Zhong, my generation would probably be reduced to barbarians.
(Statue of Guan Zhong in front of the Guan Zhong Memorial Hall)
(13) Used as an adverb, there are two kinds of usages: first, it means degree, which is equivalent to "slightly" and "slightly". For example, Bai Juyi's poem "Self-Tira": "The white face is slightly red, and the drunk is half drunk." Drink a little wine, the face is slightly red; second, it means negative, which is equivalent to "non", "no". For example, "Poetry Shaofeng Baizhou": "Micro I have no wine, to Ao to swim." "Mao Biography" said: "I can travel without wine and forget my worries." "It's not that there is no wine to dispel sorrow, it is not that there is nowhere to travel.
(The Poetry of "Bai Zhou")
(14) Wet sores on the shins. "Erya Shixun": "The diarrhea is slight, and the swollen foot is the widow." For example, "Poetry Xiaoya Qiaoyan": "Both small and awkward." "Refers to rotten calves and swollen feet.
(15) The name of an ancient princely state. 1. The fiefdom of Yin Dynasty. 2. The country of Southwest Yi during the Yin Zhou Dynasty. Don't use it now, just understand.
(16) Can "wěi" refers to the cross tail. "History of the Five Emperors": "In the middle of the day, the star bird, to Yin Zhongchun." Its folk analysis, birds and beasts are micro. "On the day of the spring equinox, the day is as long as the night, and the stars in the Seven Houses of the Suzaku appear in the south at the beginning of the night, according to which the time of mid-spring is determined. At this time, the people dispersed their labors, and birds and beasts gave birth to tails.
(Dragonfly with a crossed tail)
(17) Pass the "emblem". good. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Ban Biao, passed on to Ban Gu: "Death is different but not reckless, and it is trivial and not yi." "Wang Niansun's "Reading Magazine": "Micro reading Yue Hui, Erya" said: 'Micro, Shanye. The words 'emblem' and '慝' are opposite. Evil, evil also. Those who speak evil are not far from perishing, and those who are good are not small and nurture. This usage is basically missing in modern Chinese. Also only understand.
In addition, Wei is also used as a surname, which is contained in the Tongzhi Clan Sketch IV. There is a Lu doctor named Wei Hu in "Zuo Biao".
The micro seal is written as shown in the figure:
(Micro-character small seal writing)
([Explanation of words] No. 294, some pictures quoted from the Internet, copyright belongs to the original author)