Decline and decline, Hu does not return?
Wei Jun's reason, Hu Wei Zhonglu?
Wei Jun's bow, Hu Wei in the mud?
(A poem that reflects the pain of Zhengfu, the ancient name is that dusk is obscure as a decline, the monarchy is weak, and it is difficult to run and cannot be returned.) The preface to the poem reads: Li Hou lived in Wei, and his subjects advised him to return to him. ）
Decipher notes:
Style, mood words. Zheng Zhi: "Style, vocal also." ”
Micro, decay. "Micro" is a morphophonemic word. "Sayonara": "Micro, hidden also." From the sound of the voice. "Spring and Autumn Biography" said: Bai Gong and his disciples are microscopic. "The original meaning is to hide, to hide." Wēi, ancient reading wéi, Shuowen: ", Myoya. From man to man, from sound. The original meaning is small, Duan Yu cut note: "The book is wonderful." Now. The ancient one who spoke is the subtle word of the present. Small, too. Extension for all the finest. Xu Xuan et al. Note: "The word is from the province." Should not be from the province. Cover the mistake of writing, suspected from the province. Oh, the topic of the birth of things is still not. Then "耑省声" is covered as "耑省声", written by Jin Jin
The roots of grass and trees break through the soil and grow buds, with beginnings and tinys. "攴" refers to the beating, the ancient slave servant's status is low and small, easy to be beaten and scolded, together with the grass and trees that have just broken the ground, it means tiny, so "from the person from the voice of the people. Things that are small cannot be seen clearly, as if hidden, the half of the "彳" half of the road is extended to the road and behavior, and the "micro" is a hidden behavior, so the "micro" is from the sound of the yin. "Micro" also refers to decline and decline. The collected poems are transmitted: "Micro, Jude also decays." Again, it is even more decaying. ”
Micro Jun, non Jun. Small things are invisible, so "micro" refers to small, small things can not be seen, as if there is none, so "micro" is extended to nothing, no.
Dew, dew. Inverted text rhymes. The poetry collection is transmitted: "Zhonglu, Luzhongye." Words are insulting, and there is no shelter. Fang Yurun's "Primitive": "Ju yan exposed in the middle." ”
Bow, body. The word "bow" is "躳", which is a meaning word. "Sayings": "Shu, body also." From the body from Lu.
Bow or from the bow. "The original meaning is the body, the body. Erya Shi shang: "Bow, body also." Hao Yixing said, "Bow down to the body, and train the body." "Zhou Li" 'body Gui, Bow Gui', its meaning is the same, so bow for the body, the body is also bowed, turn to the training also. "Book of Pastoral Oaths": "Erso Fuxun, his Yu'er bows and kills." Kong Chuan: "If the enemy is at peace, and Ru is not reluctant, then yu Ru will be killed." "Sayonara": "Lu, the spine also." Pictographic. "The original meaning is spine. Small seals
, like two segments of the spine are connected. "Body" Jin Wenzuo
, the shape of a pregnant belly indicates the torso of the body. "Bow" is the body, and the spine is the main pillar supporting the body, so the "bow" is from the body from Lu Huiyi. The body torso can be bent like a bow, so the body "bow" from the body from the bow to "bow", is the common word.
In the mud, in the muddy waterway. The collection of poems is transmitted: "In the mud, words are drowning and do not see salvation." Fang Yurun's "Primitive": "Yu Yan Ni Tu Ye." Mao's Cang: 'In the dew, in the mud, Wei Yi also. 'This or future generations shall not be able to follow it because they have attached it to their ears. ”
Translations
It's dark, it's dark, why don't you go home? If it is not for the king, why is it still in the dew!
It's dark, it's dark, why don't you go home? If it is not for the king, why is it still in the mud!
Solving:
The thrust of the matter is still inconclusive. Mao Xu: "In "Style Wei", Li Hou lived in Wei, and his subjects advised him to return to him. ”
Zheng Zhi: "Yu, send also." Li Hou was expelled by the Di people, abandoned his country and sent to Wei, and Wei was punished with Eryi, because of peace, he could return without returning, so his subjects advised him. ”
The collected poems are transmitted: "The old saying is that the Marquis of Li lost his country and lived in Wei, and his subjects advised: 'The decline is very small, why not return?'" If I hadn't been for the sake of the king, would I have insulted me here? ’...... This is not examined, gu follows the preface. ”
"Lu Shi" believes that the Wei women did not see the answer and insisted on the women's way. See Liu Xiang's "Biography of the Spirited Daughter, Zhenshun Biography": "Lady Lizhuang, daughter of Wei Hou, lady of the Duke of Lizhuang also." The past is different from desire, the person who does it is different, and he has not tasted it, and he is not even happy. His mother, Lady Min Xian, rebelled against her, pitied her frustration, and feared that she had already seen it, but did not go at the right time, saying to lady: 'The way of husband and wife, if there is righteousness, it is harmonious, and if there is no righteousness, it will go.' Now I don't want to care, I don't care? It is a poem: "Decline and decline, Hu does not return?" The lady said, "The way of the woman is only enough." Although he is not myself, how can I be separated from the woman! It is a poem: "For the sake of the micro-king, Hu is the middle way?" 'Finally, do not disobey the word of the woman, but command the king.' The gentleman's order is to compile poems. ”
Fang Yurun's "Primitive": "Li Chen advised the king to return to him." ...... Let the courtiers not be for the sake of the king. Who is willing to hold the country for a long time, and the vain are embarrassed by this? Junhu Junhu, Shang Si has already made a plan, and he is trying to restore it, and the world of zhen is also in decline! Li Hou Pingsu Was so stubborn that he was expelled, and he still had no far-reaching ambitions until Di Retreat, hoping for pity on others and not for me. His subjects were worried, and pretended to persuade them to return. ”
Yu Guanying's "Selected Poems": "This is the complaint of those who suffer from hard labor. (The little man grumbles)
Cheng Junying's "Commentary on the Translation of the Book of Poetry": "This is the people's complaint against the monarch after suffering from hard labor. In short words, the poem expresses the extreme hatred of the working people for the oppressive enslavement of the rulers. ”
Others believe that "Dew" is the same as "Dew" in "Wild Vines" and is a poem about the meeting of men and women.
It is now generally considered to be a poem of resentment of the people suffering from hard labor. The poem is short and has little information, but the grievances throughout the poem are so vividly expressed that they make sense in every situation, without having to stick to any subject.
Because the "Mao Poems" interpret this poem as persuasion, and the successive generations of scholars of "poetry" have mainly used Mao's theory, the word "style wei" has gradually evolved into the image of "retreat" in classical Chinese poetry, such as Tang Wangwei's "that is, this envy is idle, and the style of poetry is small" ("Wei Chuan Tian Jia"), Meng Haoran "because of the jun's hometown, remotely sent to the style of micro-chanting" ("Du Xia Xia Xin Dafu's E"; Guan Xiu "Dongfeng lai Xi song style micro, shenyun Daoist people summoned to return" ("General Bedu"), and so on, which also shows the influence of this poem on future generations.
Lecture 1:
The whole poem has only two short chapters, all of which start with "decline, decline, hu does not return": it is dark, it is dark, why don't you go home? The poet immediately explained the reason: "Because of the micro-jun, Hu is exposed in the middle"; "The bow of the micro-jun, the hu is in the mud". This means that for the sake of the monarchs, in order to feed their noble bodies, they have to work in the dew and mud day and night all year round. However, the first and second chapters of the poem "Shi Wei" only change two words, but in this ingenious transformation, the unique ingenuity of the author's words is reflected.
First, one chapter is "The Reason of The Micro-Jun" and the second chapter is "The Bow of the Micro-King". The upper and lower chapters only change the words "so" and "bow", but make the poem full of semantics and rhyme harmoniously. "The Reason of Wei Jun", Zhu Xi's "Biography of the Collected Poems" interprets as: "If I am not because of the King"; "Wei Jun's Bow" "Bow" is a different body of "躳", "Erya Interpretation": "Bow, body also." The words "bow" and "body" are mutually trained, so "bow" means oneself, that is, "jun". "The bow of the micro-monarch" is "I have no king". The first chapter says "If I am not a king", the next chapter says "I am not a king". The upper and lower chapters express the same meaning but use different words to express the author's euphemistic and implicit feelings to the fullest. Second, the first chapter "Hu is in the dew" and the second chapter is "Hu is in the mud". "Dew" is a false loan word for "road". Erya Shimei: "Road, Luye." What is practiced by the speaker is revealed. Fang Yurun's "Primitive Poetry Classic": "'In the mud' is like mud tuye." Press: "Zhonglu" is also the so-called sinking of the heart in the modern saying, as if it is blocked by something; "in the mud" is now so-called falling into the mud and unable to extricate itself. Therefore, "in the dew" and "in the mud" are fictional rather than real, and the upper and lower chapters can complement each other's understanding.
At the same time, in the change of the author's word count, the harmony of rhyme is never forgotten. The first chapter "Gu" and "Lu" are used together with the yin sound "fish" rhyme and the into the sound "Duo" rhyme; the second chapter "bow" and "middle" rhyme the yin sound "invading" part. While expressing the author's thoughts and feelings, these two sentences can rhyme harmoniously and have a neat number of words, which has the effect of killing two birds with one stone. In just two chapters and a few words, the inhuman situation of the enslaved and their indignation against the rulers leave a profound impression on the reader.
By yes, the chapter is changed, and the rhyme is harmonious. It embodies the characteristics of one song and three sighs and endless aftertaste. It embodies the exquisite and condensed language of the "Book of Poetry", with both long and short sentence patterns and a strong sense of rhythm. In just 32 words, the poem "Decline" contains a variety of changes such as three words, four words and five words, which are integrated with flexibility, jagged and staggered, and can vigorously express the ups and downs of the heroine's thoughts and feelings. The choice of its sentence pattern changes flexibly with the content and thoughts and feelings of the poem, which enhances the rhythm of the poem. In short, the art of using language in "Decline" is not only harmonious and beautiful, but also exquisite in words.
Artistically, the poem reinforces the linguistic effect with questions. Judging from the whole poem, "decline, decline, and nonsense" is not a question of doubt, but a deliberate question that has already been fixed in the chest. The poet is oppressed by the rulers, working in the field day and night, unable to return home, miserable, and naturally pours out the grievances in his heart, but if it is a straight talk, it is easy to exhaust, and the use of this undoubted but pretentious and suspicious form of questioning makes the psalms appear to be emotional, but also attracts attention, enlightens people to think, and the so-called resentment without complaint is deep. It is precisely because of the clever use of these rhetorical techniques that the poem "Shi Wei" has a "realm outside the words, and the more you look at it repeatedly, the more you feel its meaning." ”
Lecture 2:
Regarding the main theme of this poem, the Preface to Mao's Poems says that Li Hou was expelled by Di and exiled to Wei, and his subjects did this to persuade him to return to China. Liu told the "Biography of the Daughters of The Daughters of The Lady of The Tale of Zhenshun" that the daughter of The Marquis of Wei married the Duke of Li Guozhuang, but she was not accepted by him, and some people persuaded her to return, and she "finally adhered to the first of the virginity, did not violate the way of the woman, and gave the king's life", and gave this poem to Mingzhi. Both theories are far-fetched, because neither the actual reference to Li Hou nor the li zhuang woman lacks historical evidence. Yu Guanying believes that "this is the complaint of those who suffer from hard labor" (Selected Poems), which is the most relevant poem.
The second chapter of the poem starts with "decline, decline, and nonsense": it is dark, it is dark, why don't you go home? The poet immediately explained the reason: "Because of the micro-jun, Hu is exposed in the middle"; "The bow of the micro-jun, the hu is in the mud". This means that for the sake of the monarchs, in order to feed their noble bodies, they have to work in the dew and mud day and night all year round. In just two chapters and a few words, the inhuman situation of the enslaved and their indignation against the rulers leave a profound impression on the reader.
Artistically, the poem has two characteristics. The first is to strengthen the effect of language by asking questions. Judging from the whole poem, "decline, decline, and nonsense" is not a question of doubt, but a deliberate question that has already been fixed in the chest. The poet is oppressed by the rulers, working in the field day and night, unable to return home, miserable, and naturally pours out the grievances in his heart, but if it is a straight talk, it is easy to exhaust, and the use of this undoubted but pretentious and suspicious form of questioning makes the psalms appear to be emotional, but also attracts attention, enlightens people to think, and the so-called resentment without complaint is deep. The second is to use rhymes to set off the emotional atmosphere. The poem consists of two chapters and ten sentences, not only rhymes with rhymes, but also changes rhymes in each chapter, so that the whole poem is compact, the rhythm is short, and the mood is urgent, which fully expresses the bitter feelings of the laborers and their increasing determination to abandon tyranny. Since the analysis of the rhymes used in the poem, the first chapter uses micro rhymes and fish rhymes, and the back chapters are micro rhymes and invasion rhymes, which are more suitable for expressing the emotions of mourning and deep pain. The poet's casual use of rhyme makes the poetic sentiment fully emphasized through the emotional tone embodied in the rhyme foot. Therefore, Fang Yurun commented on this poem: "The language is shallow and deep, and the meaning is infinite, and no careless person has read it recklessly." (The Original Book of Verses)
Lecture 3:
This little man who complains about hard labor is reminiscent of one of Kafka's short stories, "When the Great Wall was Built." The general public was ordered to build the Great Wall, which is said to have come from the emperor in the distant capital. The capital was unimaginably far away, and the emperor didn't know who it was, let alone why he had to build the Great Wall.
The situation of life revealed in this allegorical novel is probably suitable for the survival of all small people. The little people do not have most of the extravagance, do not have endless ambitions, and only seek food, clothing and warmth. Their simplicity and loyalty coexist with ignorance and ignorance, just like Lu Xun's Ah Q, rowing boats row boats, Tsubaki rice is Tsubaki rice, even if they are called to sit down, they only dare to stand. They just "bury their heads in the car" and never "look up at the road". Therefore, Lu Xun said that the reason why he wrote Ah Q was to "mourn his misfortune and be angry with him."
In the present, as a small person, he dared to complain, and the words of complaint could be entered into books and become classics to educate future generations, including rulers and the ruled. This is a phenomenon worth playing. It reminds one of whether it is ignorance or a conspiracy for those who do everything possible to maintain their rule and record the words that they are dissatisfied with their rule and pass it on to future generations.
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