01 Native kiwifruit
Hairy pear, vine pear, wood, kiwi pear, sheep peach, yang peach, big zero core, monkey pear, big red robe, rope peach, golden pear, wild pear, mountain peach, fox peach, peach fruit, sweet pear, hair peach, wild peach, male peach, ghost peach... When you look at this long list of names, there's only one behind them: kiwifruit.
Kiwifruit is a native Chinese fruit. Botanists have long ago discovered fossils of kiwifruit in the territory of present-day Guangxi. By this time it had been "barbaric" in China for more than 20 million years.
Here's a little bit of knowledge. Most fruits do not have the original taste of what you and I eat today, but have been domesticated and improved over generations before they can be ingested. Unlike kiwifruit, it is inherently sweet and delicious, and it doesn't take much effort on it to get its mouth.
So kiwifruit has appeared in historical texts for a long time. For example, in the "Book of Poetry" in the pre-Qin period, a wild fruit called "Cangchu" is recorded, which is the earliest documentary record of kiwifruit.
There is also an interesting little thing recorded in the history of the wild.
The hexose, glucose and fructose contained in the fruit can be directly utilized by alcoholic fermentation, and under the action of a series of enzymes of yeast, through complex chemical changes, ethanol and CO2 are eventually produced. In layman's terms, fruits with high sugar content can be used to make cider, and kiwi fruit is one of them.
During the Warring States period, Li Bing, the Taishou of Shu County, was greatly appreciated after tasting the fruit wine brewed by "kiwifruit". Later, this "kiwi wine" was improved several times, and eventually became the famous "kiwi milk wine" in the Qingcheng Mountain area of Dujiangyan.
Kiwi milk wine, known as "monkey wine" in ancient times, began in the Han Dynasty more than 1,800 years ago. In the past, when Zhang Ling founded Taoism in Shuzhong, kiwifruit was abundant in the area of Qingcheng Mountain Dujiangyan. Legend has it that at that time, monkeys in the mountains often hoarded kiwifruit in their holes, and kiwifruit hoarded natural fermentation for a long time and overflowed with aroma. Zhang Daoling inadvertently discovered that this fermented kiwi fruit mixed with rice wine has a unique taste, so after several improvements, he brewed this famous health wine. The poet Saint Du Fu praised in the poem "Xie Yanzhong Sent a Bottle of Qingcheng Mountain Daoist Milk Wine": "The mountain bottle of milk wine goes down to Qingcheng, and the smell is strong and fragrant. Whip away to send pity to the fisherman father, wash the cup and taste the Tsushima Army. ”
02 Kiwi fruit that crosses the ocean and comes back
For more than 2,000 years, kiwifruit has received countless strange names: choyi, ghost peach, sheep peach, yang peach... And the name "kiwifruit", which we are familiar with, appeared in the Tang Dynasty poet Cen Shan, "On the atrium well, a kiwi fruit".
In addition to the name that we are familiar with now, kiwi fruit has another name called kiwifruit.
The story of kiwifruit dates back to the beginning of the last century. At the end of 1903, a New Zealand female teacher named Flaze went to Yichang. There was a British botanist named Ernest Henry Wilson who was mining native plant resources in Yichang. This person has had an astonishing "success" in this matter, mining nearly 5,000 species of plants before and after, including kiwifruit. He distributed some of the extracted kiwifruit and kiwi seeds to his friends in Yichang, and Fraser also received a copy.
Later, Flaze brought the kiwi seeds back to New Zealand, so the kiwi fruit that had been "barbaric" growing in China for thousands of years began the "upgrade road" from wild to cultivated.
As we all know, New Zealand is a country based on agriculture. More than 70% of his land area is hilly and mountainous, which at first glance does not seem suitable for the development of agriculture. However, because of its mild climate and fertile soil, it is rich in fruit. Among the fruits exported by New Zealand, the kiwi fruit incarnated as a "kiwi fruit" is the most outstanding.
Kiwifruit seems to have been spelled by the name, and there are countless names in the exotic country of New Zealand.
Originally called "Chinese gooseberry" by New Zealanders, kiwi fruit was later renamed "gooseberry" when exporting fruit to the outside world. But in 1959, the United Kingdom imposed high tariffs on imported fruits with "berries" in their names, so kiwis had to be renamed. This time the kiwi's name evolved from New Zealand's "national bird", the Kiwi. This magical fruit from the East was transformed into Kiwifruit, The "national fruit" of New Zealand, which translates to Chinese "kiwifruit".
Sichuan is one of the world's recognized origins of kiwifruit, and it is also one of the provinces with the richest types and reserves of wild kiwi germplasm resources in China. According to a survey conducted by the Sichuan Academy of Natural Resources Science, Sichuan said that the wild resources of kiwi are mainly distributed in and around the Basin Ofan Mountains in Sichuan, especially in the Longmen Mountains, Qinba Mountains, Denglai Mountains, and Wumeng Mountains.
In the 1970s, Sichuan began to artificially cultivate and breed kiwifruit. At that time, New Zealand kiwifruit had been selling well worldwide for many years. At that time, Chinese kiwi researchers had to go to New Zealand to learn planting techniques. When Sichuan began to cultivate kiwifruit economically, it was also the original introduction of new Zealand "Hayward" varieties.
Sichuan Province is one of the earliest provinces in China to carry out the independent breeding of kiwifruit, relying on the Sichuan Academy of Natural Resources Science, Sichuan Agricultural University and other scientific research units, since the 1970s, successfully bred more than ten varieties. For example, "Chuan title", "Sichuan title", "Sichuan title", "Sichuan title", etc. are representative of green meat varieties and red meat varieties are represented by Hongyang, Honghua, "Hongmei", etc. Fortunately, most of the main cultivars of Sichuan kiwifruit are now excellent varieties that are self-cultivated.