As early as 1980, Duanbenyuan was listed as a cultural protection unit in Wujiang County. During the Qianlong period, it was built by Chen Heming, who had five sons and nephews, all of whom became officials of the Qing court by Keju, and his third son, Xuanwen, married the Qing Emperor's chamber, so the "Duanben Garden" was secretly called "Junwangfu" by the Li people. Duan ben garden is built by the water, in front of the curved bridge lotus pond, after there is a moon corridor, mid-level pavilion, double gui lou, Pingbo Xuan, etc., the courtyard is stacked with rockeries, planted with gold gui silver laurel and other flowers and trees, the garden is about three acres of more than three acres, staggered, the landscape is pleasant, then listed as one of the famous gardens of Wujiang. However, the actual area of the current end of the garden is only more than 900 square meters, which is only half of the historical record. In 2010 and 2013, The park was repaired twice, both within more than 900 square meters. It was too cramped, how could it be listed as a famous garden in Yizhong during the Qianlong period?
End the gate of the garden
Zha Qing Dynasty "Li Li Zhi" and "Li Li Zhi Zhi", and then synthesize other information, Chen Heming (about 1697-1760), the character dedication, the birth of a prisoner, the first Tianjin Changlu Yunjue, and later Jiahu Ningbo Tongzhi. His five sons and nephews were all promoted by keju and came out one after another, and the people in the Chen family called the "five sons of Dengke", and Chen Heming, who was in the twelfth year of Qianlong (1747), who was in the year of Ershun, quietly retired from the post of governor of Ningbo. A family of several people are out all year round, the hometown old house is desolate, Chen Heming returned home after the whole family home, three roads and six into, extraordinary style, the main hall "Crane Shou Tang", Chen Jia Tang number, far and near famous.
LiLi had private gardens as early as the Southern Song Dynasty. At that time, there was a Zhao clan elder Zhao Ling, who was in the South Port of Lili, settled in the west of the port, built a mansion, built a garden, and in the early years of the Ming Dynasty, there were still pavilion ruins, and the "Humble Former Residence" was included in the third scene of the Eight Views of Lichuan. At present, the former residence of the garden no longer exists, but the place name Garden Hama and Garden Harbor have survived. In the Ming Dynasty, literati officials were popular for gardening. By the Qing Dynasty, rich families in Lili built more private gardens. At the same time, Chen Heming built the Hua house, carefully designed, and built it with all his strength to create the Duanben Garden. The end, Zhengye; Ben, there are two solutions, in the farmhouse, farming-oriented; in the student, reading as the basis. The Chen family started from farming, reading while cultivating, and cultivating heirlooms. Judging from the phrases in Qiu Zhang's "Duan Ben Yuan" poem quoted in the "Li Li Zhi": chiseled pond stacked stones, smoke lock pond, green reflection along the embankment, row of green lian, pine and catalpa hugging, willow into yin, the garden is not only jagged with clouds, but also the pavilion road is connected, it can be seen that the scale of this garden and internal facilities, it is impossible to be confined to 900 square meters. Three acres, that is, about 2,000 square meters, which is enough to qualify for the famous garden in Yizhong.
In 2012, after many surveys and visits, several households living on the east side of Huangxiangtai Lane have revealed their stories and stories handed down from generation to generation. They are retired teacher Liu Bohua (77 years old), Lu family daughter-in-law Tu Yingqiu (female 76 years old), Shao Zukang (70 years old), Zhang Shanglin (66 years old), etc., synthesizing the family stories of several elderly people, comparing with relevant literature, the area and scale of the construction of Duan Ben Garden, forced to shrink in half in ten years, the mystery, finally unveiled.
The Chen family's housing ends in Huangxiangtai Lane, while the Chen family's Duanben Garden extends along the hou river to Maojiachi in the east. Maojiachi water surface is wide, no less than two acres, according to the elders, Maojiachi to the east, connected to the downstairs Hama, there is a sweet spring in the pool. According to Xu Dayuan's "Li Li Zhi", there are two springs in Lili, one is in front of the Agate Temple in the west of the town, the famous Yongyue Spring, and the other is this Maojiachi Spring. Lili water comes from Tianmu Mountain in Zhejiang, Maojiachi Spring and Yongyue Spring, which are all outcrops of the underground dark river. Where the source of the spring water is and where it flows, limited to the technology and cognition at that time, the ancestors of Lili are not clear. However, the people attach great importance to these two springs. At that time, the Chen family, the second largest surname in Lili, and the first surname Zhou was the nephew family cultivated by Chen Heming, Chen Heming had the financial resources and the ability to be more courageous, extending the Duanben Garden to Maojiachi and introducing this steady stream of spring water into his own garden. As far as the only remaining moon corridor remains, as well as the brick carvings of "green hug" and "water lang huan" on the moon corridor, it is not difficult to imagine that Chen Heming designed the duanben garden, which is near water and water, and has the intention of having a source of living water. Water is the background of the garden, water is also the theme of the garden, here surrounded by green water, it is really a blessed land.
Duanbenyuan "Green Hug"
Duanben garden "Water Lang Huan"
In the twenty-first year of Qianlong (1756), Chen Heming's second son, Chen Hongwen, who had always been a mischievous man who had lost control of the inspection point, embezzled the money of the official family, and lost nearly 2,000 taels of silver, and was arrested by Yousi to investigate the facts, and Qianlong ordered him to make a decision. There is a royal history that says that Chen Heming started to build a Chinese house at home, known as Lili "Chen Banzhen", and built the Wujiang Famous Garden Duan Ben Garden, which must contain the stolen money of these two boys. So Chen Heming was escorted to the imperial capital by a prison cart. "The basket is poured into the jade furniture, and the county official's registration is no more than that." Coral trees are shattered, and coixes are lightly loaded with cars" ("Li LiZhi" quotes Qiu Zhang's "Duan Ben Yuan" poem, and those that do not indicate the source below are quoted from this poem), and the family property is copied and is in a mess. "The hill house is helpless, and the door is depressed and sold." Houses were auctioned cheaply after the county officialdom was lost.
The "Duanben Garden Song" recorded in the "Li Li Zhi"
At this time, the end of the garden shrank in half. Chen Heming built the Crane Shou Tang and the Duan Ben Garden, and it was really difficult to verify whether there was a second son, Hongwen Stolen Money, so "Enzhao Huang sealed it for nine days, and the same root of the bean was not implicated." A year later, Chen Heming was finally released to go home, and most of the Chen family's houses and fields were auctioned off. Chen Heming and his nephew did their best to redeem the house field step by step, "The Lu family promised to redeem three houses, and the Bu family divided the two fields." The Lu family, which is also listed in the eight surnames of Lili, purchased a number of properties of the Chen family, and the Chen family redeemed some of them, but Duan Benyuan has already created a comfortable nest for the Lu family. After several consultations, the Lu family finally took Huang Xiangtai Lane as the boundary and built a wall, the west of the wall was the Chen Family Garden, the east of the wall was the Lu Family Residence, and the Duan Ben Garden was divided into two and a half gardens in the east and west. The Lu family built a two-entry house in the East Garden, along the back river is a building on the fifth floor and five bottoms, and a five-bay bungalow is built in front of the building. To the east, close to Maojiachi, Lu built two river bridges, one south river bridge and one north river bridge. The South River Bridge is just south of the east wall, with a side door and a long flowing stone staircase facing east. North River Bridge is a single falling water type, very elaborate, in order to facilitate the upper and lower river bridge, in the northeast corner of the open a north gate, shelf on the gallery shed, the nine-level river bridge is all composed of Jinshan stone, the bottom of the river bridge is paved with bluestone slabs, surrounded by the same bluestone strips of stone, the outside of the water weeds and plankton, all blocked, the river water is particularly clear.
Huang Xiangtai Lane
A wall in the middle divides the garden into east and west halves
Between the building and the bungalow, there is an elm tree, which is counted as the chen family's property, and the Lu family will regard this as water and proper protection. In the 1950s, the tree was more than 20 meters tall, and like the four ginkgo trees in Luohan Temple and other places, it was tall and majestic, and two adults could barely hug each other. The tree pole is divided into two layers, both of which have bird nests, the upper layer is the eagle's nest, and the lower layer is the magpie's nest, which is auspicious and auspicious. At the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, some people used the excuse that the typhoon was coming, and the old trees would endanger the surrounding houses, and finally fell to the ground.
The huangshi rockery remains in the east of The End Of This Garden
In front of the five-bay bungalow is a garden, and the Lu family in the east of the garden retains the Chen family's Yellowstone rockery and a goldfish pond. The rockery is surrounded by precious flowers and trees such as Tianzhu, Magnolia, Lamei, osmanthus and so on; the goldfish pond and the Maojia pond are connected, and whenever the water is emitted, the sun shines, and the silver scales shine, which is tempting. After more than 200 years of wind and rain, in the early 1960s, the goldfish pond dried up as the Maojiachi spring dried up, and the yellowstone rockery base was still there, and a huge yellowstone could be found, like a crouching tiger, creeping there quietly.
Duanben garden Covered bridge deep
DuanBenyuan Shuanggui Building
Endben Garden Lotus Pond
Along the Houhe Lu family's five-bay building, the Lu family later turned it into a slippery bungalow, which is said to be a miserable mess. In June of the Xianfeng Decade (1860), the Taiping Army entered Lili, and Lu Shi dragged his family with a small family and took refuge in the countryside. When the Taiping Army was defeated and retreated, in June of the second year of Tongzhi (1863), the Qing government retook over Wujiang, and the Lu family returned, but on the floor slab of this building, a male corpse was found, completely decomposed, and specially invited a servant to come and clean up, but the body liquid had already penetrated into the depths of the floor slab, the imprint was deep, the smell was incomparable, and it was disgusting. Even in the blue sky and daylight, the Lu family did not dare to enter the building, and at night it was even more gloomy and miserable, creepy and creepy. In desperation, the Lu family had to demolish this building and convert it into a five-bay bungalow, which has survived to this day.
Tu Yingqiu, the 13th daughter-in-law of the Lu family, has been accustomed to hearing all kinds of rumors from her ancestors since she was a child. The Lu family moved to the East Garden of Duanben Garden, changed the garden to a house, and lived and worked in peace and contentment. Life is good, but a corpse, damage to the Lu family's feng shui, several generations of Lu descendants of the psychological shadow lingering. During the years of the Republic of China, the Lu family finally came out of a figure who was both literate and martial, Lu Changsheng, Tu Yingqiu's father-in-law. Lu Changsheng became the director of the regimental defense bureau, and a corner of Li Li could be said to call the wind and rain, and the left and right were in the source. However, just in the front of Huang Xiangtai Lane, where The commander of the Lu Regiment lived, on the thirteenth day of the first month of the eighteenth year of the Republic of China, the Rural Chinese Character staged a Spring Stage Drama, and dozens of Taihu lake robbers pretended to watch the drama and saw the opportunity to come to the town to rob Huang Xiangtai's pawn. The Regimental Defense Bureau was sealed inside the gate by a machine gun, and the commander of the Lu Regiment and his men did not dare to move. Huang Xiangtai pawn was robbed, the boss had to roll up the covers and return to his hometown of Nanxun, Lu Changsheng thought he was unlucky, and had to step down. To this day, there is a folk song "Thirteenth day of the first month, the end of the Chinese character." A group of light eggs came, and Lu Changsheng was unlucky. ”
The current Duanben Garden, to be precise, should be the western half of the Duanben Garden, in the west of the Shuanggui Lou retains a corridor with the moon, as mentioned above, there are two brick carvings in the corridor, one next to the Shuanggui Lou is "Water Lang Huan", and the one near the west is "Green Hug". Wudi garden, but all brick carvings, always two opposites, and "water Lang Huan" and "green hug", just look at the number of words to know that the two can not be opposed, there should be another opposite brick carving. From the principle of symmetry, there is still half of the moon gallery in the east of Shuanggui Lou, where there should be brick carvings that match the "Water Lang Huan" and "Green Hug". After the Purchase of the Lu Family, it was demolished and rebuilt.
In 2013, The garden was renovated again, restoring the covered bridge, Pingboxuan, and the welcome hall, excavating lotus ponds, and overlapping rockeries. It is particularly worth mentioning that in the northwest corner of the Duanben Garden, across the houhe River and the Five Mu Garden, a new side gate has been opened, and after the reconstruction of the Five Mu Garden, a nine-curved bridge will be erected here to connect the Duan Ben Park and the Five Mu Garden. There are two brick carvings on this side door, "Wu Fang" on the outside and "Jindu" on the inside. "Wu Fang" is derived from the Song Dynasty Feng Dao's poem praising Dou Yanshan: "Dou Yanshan Ten Qi, godson to righteousness." Zero spring one plant old, dangui five branches fang. "Dou Godson has a square, and the fifth son Denko." Wu Fang's canon, in line with the Duanbenyuan Chen clan, during the Qianlong Period of the Qing Dynasty, the Chen family did indeed have five sons Dengke. "Wu Fang" echoes the Chen family's first brick carved gatehouse "Kuibi Ningxiang" that has been preserved to this day, and both regard the five sons Dengke as the supreme glory of their family. Jindu, that is, Jinjiao and Jinda, canonized the Northern Wei Li Daoyuan's "Notes on the Water Classics", starting from the original meaning of the ferry, and extending to a considerable height of learning. Chen Heming, the owner of Duanben Garden, is an uncle, and Zhou Yuanli, the owner of the Five-Acre Garden, is a nephew, and the two gardens are across the river. Zhou Yuanli's father died when he was seven years old, and his mother was Chen Heming's younger sister, who could only rely on his brother. Yuan Li had to be cultivated by his uncle, and he was admitted to the show to get a person in the middle, and gradually embarked on the career path. Jin is the ferry, Jindu, that is, the ferry crossing the river, which really implies that Chen Heming has set up a life ferry for Zhou Yuanli, starting from Xiucai to promotion to Shangshu of the Ministry of Works and directly subordinate to the governor, which is of great significance.
Duanbenyuan brick carving "Jindu"
"Kuibi Ningxiang" brick carved gatehouse
Schematic view of the whole landscape of The End Of This Garden
Today, the development of Lili Ancient Town has taken a steady step, and it is expected that in a few years, duanbenyuan will still have five acres of gardens, which will surely restore its original appearance and restore its former style.
(Li Haimin)