Topographic landform map of Shaanxi
Shaanxi is referred to simply as Shaanxi or Qin. People also call Shaanxi "Three Qins", which is generally understood according to the geographical characteristics of Shaanxi divided into three natural regions of Guanzhong, Northern Shaanxi and Southern Shaanxi. Shaanxi's topography is characterized by high north and south and low in the middle, while the North Mountains and Qinling Mountains divide Shaanxi into three natural regions: the Northern Shaanxi Plateau in the north, the Guanzhong Plain in the middle, and the Qinba Mountains in the south.
The place names of Sanqin have a great origin
Blue Sky Ape Man Ruins
Xi'an Banpo Museum
Chinese civilization first originated in the Guanzhong region in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. Hundreds of thousands of years ago, the Lantian ape and the Great Li ape man aside, at least more than 6,000 years ago, there was China's earliest primitive farming village - Xi'an Banpo Village, which represents Yangshao culture. Banpo culture is famous for its exquisite faience pottery and hoe farming, which not only occupies a leading position in China's contemporary culture, but also occupies a leading position in the world in pottery burning technology. Strikingly, more than 400 of the more than 1,000 Yangshao cultural sites have been discovered in Guanzhong. Especially along the quenched water coast, which is very close to the half slope, 13 sites have been found in only 40 kilometers. It can be seen that in the matrilineal clan era, Guanzhong did prosper and develop. The Zhou people are an ancient Ji clan in Guanzhong, and have a continuous relationship with the Banpo people. Judging from the ancient documents, it is said that the ancestor of the Zhou clan, Hou Ji, abandoned his name and abandoned his family in the ministry (Shaanxi Wugong and Fufeng territory). That is, it is located in the downstream of the Jingwei Second Water, and the land is fertile and conducive to farming. Abandoned good at planting, "sowing the hundred grains before", known as "Hou Ji" in ancient times, was once appointed by Xia as a "farmer" After Hou Ji, the Zhou people were affected by the "decline of the Xia Hou clan", and about after the fall of Taikang, they moved from the ministry to the lonely (Shaanxi Bin County, Xunyi area), "restoring the business of Hou Ji and farming". When Gu Gong was his father, the Zhou people moved to Zhou Yuan under the QiShan Mountain.
Famen Temple, Fufeng County
Archaeological excavations have proved that famen town and Huangdui township in present-day Fufeng County, and Jingdang Township in Qishan County, which were the Zhouyuan at that time, are still called Zhouyuan and are famous and rich areas in Guanzhong. The "Book of Poetry daya Mian" has "Zhou Yuanhang dirty, Mo Cha RuZhi", praising Zhou Yuan's fertility and richness. Since then, the Zhou people have settled in Zhouyuan for a long time. Under the leadership of gu gong under the leadership of his father, the Zhou people "built a room in Yuzi", built a city, set up a lawsuit, managed the fields, and developed farming. Zhou Yuan soon prospered and took the rudiments of the state, so Gu Gongzhi's father was posthumously honored as "Tai Wang" from "Gong". The Zhou people sang the praises of the great king: "Grandson of Hou Ji, King Shiwei Tai, Yang of Juqi, Shi Shi Xi Shang." ”
Later, due to the formation of the first unified dynasty of the Zhou people to the east for the Shang and the Yellow River Basin, China formed a Zhou cultural system centered on present-day Xi'an and Luoyang. However, what really made Shaanxi Guan Chinese the center of national culture and had a profound impact on various places was the Qin people and the subsequent Han and Tang Dynasties.
Its name in Guanzhong
The four major passes in Guanzhong
The passes here generally refer to the various passes of the Great Wall.
Kanto: refers to the area east of Shanhaiguan, mainly the three northeastern provinces.
Kansai: 1. Refers to the area west of Yumen Pass and Jiayu Pass, that is, the area around Gansu;
2. Refers to the area west of Tongguan, Shaanxi.
Guanzhong: Generally refers to the surrounding area of Xi'an, and the pass here is Tongguan.
Guannei: Refers to the area south of the Great Wall of China, where the pass is Shanhaiguan.
Guanwai: refers to the area north of the Great Wall of China. Specifically refers to the three northeastern provinces.
Guanzhong, or Guanzhong Plain, refers to the Alluvial Plain of the Weihe River in the northern foothills of the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi, China, with an average altitude of about 500 meters, also known as the Guanzhong Basin, its north is the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi, and to the south is the Southern Shaanxi Mountains and the Qinba Mountains, which are the industrial and agricultural development of Shaanxi, densely populated areas, and rich lands, known as "Eight Hundred Miles of Qinchuan".
From the geographical concept, Guanzhong refers to "being in the middle of the four passes". The name guanzhong, which began in the Warring States period, is generally believed to have Scattered Pass (大散關) in the west, Hangu Pass in the east, Wu Pass in the south, and Xiao Pass in the north, which means "Four Passes" (later added to the east of the Tong Pass and the north of the Golden Lock Pass). The four-sided pass, coupled with the two natural barriers of the Northern Shaanxi Plateau and the Qinling Mountains, made Guanzhong a place of contention for soldiers since ancient times. The ancients said: "The One in Guanzhong, the Ridge of the World, the Dragon Head of the Central Plains". Guanzhong's land is fertile, the rivers are long, and the climate is mild, and the "History" calls it "The Golden City of Thousands of Miles", "The Country of Tianfu" and "The Country of the Four Cypresses".
Wei River Basin
Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, 13 dynasties have established capitals here, which lasted more than 1100 years. In addition, the cradle of Chinese civilization is in the Yellow River Basin, and the cradle of the Yellow River civilization is in the Wei River Basin (Guanzhong). Judging from myths, legends and archaeological excavations, the Yandi and Yellow Emperors from western China are recognized as the earliest holy kings and "first ancestors of humanity". The ancestral residences and mausoleums of the Yan Emperor and the Yellow Emperor are in the Guanzhong area.
Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor
Yandi Mausoleum
Archaeological excavations have confirmed that Guanzhong is one of the most important and concentrated birthplaces of ancient Chinese civilization. There are hundreds of thousands of years ago Lantian and Dali people culture, and there is a typical representative of Yangshao culture Banpo culture. For example, Xi'an Banpo Lintong Jiangzhai and Baoji Doujitai and other places are the earliest original agricultural birthplaces in China, forming the earliest production technologies such as farming, house construction, weaving, pottery, etc., and even creating the earliest writing. Among the cultural relics unearthed in Xi'an are a series of empirical evidence of China's earliest culture, such as the earliest agricultural and fishing tools from Banpo, the earliest pottery kiln, the earliest pottery text, the earliest civil architecture, the earliest bone carving human head from HeJiawan and so on. The Guanzhong Plain is the well-deserved cradle of Chinese civilization, and it is also one of the most important places of human origin and prehistoric cultural centers in all of Asia.
pottery
Terrain in Guanzhong
The southern part of Guanzhong is the alluvial plain of the WeiHe River, and the northern part is the Weibei Plateau; the land is fertile, easy to defend and difficult to attack. Guanzhong, known as "The Golden City of Thousands of Miles, the Country of Tianfu", is an important wheat and corn producing area in northern China.
The Guanzhong Basin is bordered by the Qinling Mountains in the south, the "North Mountain" in the north, between the Northern Shaanxi Plateau and the Qinling Mountains, from the Baoji Gorge in the west to the Tongguan Port in the east, with a width of about 360 kilometers from east to west, and a narrow east width in the west, with a total area of 39,064.5 square kilometers.
Guanzhong Basin
Guanzhong Basin is formed by river alluvial and loess accumulation, flat terrain, fertile soil, abundant water sources, machine farming, irrigation conditions are very good, is Shaanxi natural conditions are better areas, known as "eight hundred miles of Qinchuan", the basic landform type is river terraces and loess plateau. The Wei River crosses the basin into the Yellow River, and the terrain of the river trough is low and flat, with an altitude of 326 to 600 meters. From the Weihe River trough to the south and north and south, the terrain is asymmetrically stepped and increased, transitioning from the alluvial terraces of the first and second rivers to the first or second level loess terraces 200 to 500 meters above the Weihe River, and the terraces are continuously distributed on the north bank, and the south bank is incomplete. The main tributaries of the Wei River also have corresponding multi-level terraces.
The vast terraced plains are the most fertile of the passes. Between the secondary terraces on the north bank of the Weihe River and the Northern Shaanxi Plateau, there are east-west extensions of the Weibei Loess Plateau, with a vast surface, generally 460 to 800 meters above sea level, which is the main grain producing area in Guanzhong. The loess plateau on the south side of the Wei River is intermittently distributed, about 250 to 400 meters above the Wei River, in the form of a stepped or inclined shield, from the northern foothills of the Qinling Mountains to the Weihe Plain, such as Wuzhangyuan in Baoji Qishan, Shenheyuan, Shaolingyuan, Bailuyuan in the south of Xi'an, Yangguoyuan in Weinan, Gaoyuanyuan in Huaxian County, And Luyuan in Huayin, etc., and has now developed into a comprehensive agricultural belt dominated by forests and gardens.
Utilitarian Qinguan Chinese
Qin Shi Huang
The ancestors of the Qin people were originally nomadic tribes that flowed in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Soon after the establishment of the Western Zhou Dynasty, they participated in the rebellion of the Yin remnants. As a form of severe punishment, the Western Zhou rulers forcibly relocated them to the Loess Plateau in the west. During the reign of King Xuan of Zhou, he was awarded the title of "Grand Master of the West" for his merits in repelling Xi Rong and stabilizing the northwest by the Duke of Qin Zhuang. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Qin people escorted King Ping to move east to Luoyang, made duke Xiang of Qin a prince, and gave the Qin people the area of Feng and Jun (present-day Xiashan, Shaanxi), and the Qin people had a basis for establishing a state. For more than 500 years, the Qin people operated dismally, exerted themselves to govern, "opened up thousands of miles of land, and dominated Xirong", creating a regional culture of its own - Qin culture.
Before the Qin unified the country, their area of activity was centered on present-day Guanzhong, Shaanxi, from Hangu Pass in the east, to Longzhong in the west, to Qinling in the south, and to the western part of China in the north to the Helan Mountains.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, the various ethnic groups in the Central Plains despised Qin as "Yi". In fact, the material culture of the Qin people is not much behind that of the Central Plains. Qin Liguo's qidi, originally the former residence of the Zhou people, was the most developed area of ancient agriculture. Among the "Zhou Yumin", many people have rich experience in farming. The Qin people learned from their experience and took advantage of the excellent natural conditions of the WeiHe River Basin to rapidly transform the backward nomadic economy into an agricultural economy. In 648 BC, jin borrowed grain from Qin, and Mu Gong promised with great indignation, "turning with a boat and a car, looking at each other from Yong to the end", which was called the "Battle of Panzhou". The Qin people have a long tradition of animal husbandry, especially good at raising horses. Bole, who can recognize "Thousand Mile Horse", is the "Minister of Mu Gong", and jiufanggao, a soma expert who is more intelligent than Bole, is also a Qin.
The construction industry in Qin is very developed. The Qin capital, Xianyang, is grand in scale and rational in layout, with both palaces for the emperor and officials at all levels, and areas for citizens' activities, as well as squares, markets, workshops, gardens, and ponds that beautify the environment and enrich life. The whole city is arranged on both sides of the Weishui River, known as "Weishui runs through the capital, and the law leads the bull".
In terms of spiritual culture, Qin culture has distinct utilitarian characteristics. "From the founding of the Qin Dynasty to the unification of the world by the First Emperor, the problems that the Qin people relished were all matters that had a direct interest in the national economy and people's livelihood, such as agricultural warfare, attack, reclamation, Kaisai, Xu Min, Chongben, and the end of the country. They are not interested in the philosophical arguments of benevolence, righteousness, and liturgy, nor are they interested in transcending time and space and racing through ancient and modern fantasies, and their moral requirements for human relations are far less stringent than those of the eastern countries."
In terms of science and culture, the Qin people inherited the script used by the Zhou people and innovated. The Qin people accepted the Zhou people's seal (大篆) and transformed it into a more neat and stereotyped Qin seal (小篆), with simple strokes and the deletion of variant characters, which was easier to implement. In terms of the way of recording writing, the Qin people, unlike shang and Zhou carved in oracle bones and cast in bronze, were more keen to engrave the text on solid stone bodies for a long time. The stone drum script that has been handed down to this day belongs to the ancient Pan script, which tells much about fishing and hunting, and it is the oldest carved stone script preserved in China so far.
The car is on the same track
In a nutshell, during the Warring States period, the princes were divided, "the fields are different, the cars are lifted on different tracks, the laws are different, the clothes and crowns are different, the speech is different, and the words are different." Qin Shi Huang unified the world, swept away these kinds of "differences" with vigor and vigor, established a unified culture, and contributed to the basic formation of the Chinese cultural community. Its content includes several aspects: the same text of the book, the same track of the car, the same degree of system, the same line, and the same domain. And the source of its heavenly rule and change of law: or the last form of the ruling center, are all in Guanzhong, Shaanxi.
Qin figurines
The imperial capital of central Qin since ancient times
The Guanzhong area is not only one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nation, but also developed into the center of China's ancient Yellow River culture from the Qin, Han to the Sui and Tang dynasties with its unique superior position.
The alluvial plain of the lower reaches of the Wei River, a tributary of the Yellow River in the Guanzhong region, since ancient times, has fertile land, rich products, and barriers such as qinling mountains and yellow rivers, and is an excellent area of great political, military and economic significance, known as "the hub of land and sea" and "the richness of Tianfu".
At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, when Lou Jing advised Liu Bangding to make guanzhong the capital, he made a profound exposition of the geographical situation in Guanzhong and its close relationship with the politics and economy of the emerging Han Dynasty at that time. Zhang Liang also made an incisive exposition, saying: "Guanzhong left shu letter, right Longshu, Woye Qianli, south of Bashu Rao, north of Hu Yuan's profit, blocking three sides and defending, alone with one side of the east to control the princes." The princes are stable, the rivers and rivers are maintained, and the unitary is given to the capital division; the princes have changed, and they go down the river, which is enough to lose. This so-called golden city is a thousand miles, and the kingdom of heaven is also. ”
Indeed, judging from the domestic situation at the time of the Qin and Han Dynasties, Guanzhong and Guandong were both the regions with the largest number of Chinese and the most developed production.
Judging from its political, economic, and military position, Guanzhong is in an extremely favorable position. First of all, its territory is fertile and rich in products, and it has the support of agriculture in the nearby Bashu region and animal husbandry in the northwest, and its economy is developed; second, it is surrounded by the Qinling Mountains, the Beishan Mountain System, and the Yellow River, and there are four plugs as solid; there are Xiaoguan in the north, Scattered Passes in the southwest, Wuguan in the southeast, and Hangu Pass in the east, forming a special favorable position that can be attacked and retreated and defended.
Eight waters around Chang'an
From the topographical point of view, Guanzhong is located in the upper reaches of the world (the whole country), using troops in the Kwantung and moving down the Yellow River, like a high-rise collar, the momentum is like breaking bamboo. At the same time, in terms of microscopic landforms, Guanzhong also has many superior geographical conditions for the capital. For example, the original area at the intersection of Weibei and Weibei, especially the east of the former capital of Fenghao and the south bank of Weishui, is a small plain with open terrain, up to 100 miles from east to west, not only between the original photographs, but also surrounded by eight waters.
It is precisely this unique geographical advantage that not only helped Qin to destroy the six eastern kingdoms and complete the political, economic, and cultural unification of the whole country, but also more suitable for the founding purpose of Liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Gao, who started in cloth. Therefore, when Liu Bang and liu bang established a unified centralized power, the emerging Han Dynasty decided to build the capital Of Guanzhong and build Chang'an City as the political, economic and cultural center of the country, and since then laid a reliable foundation for the development of the Western Han Dynasty for hundreds of years.
Guanzhong's heyday
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the masses were divided
After the Qin Dynasty, in addition to the Eastern Han Dynasty moving the capital to Luoyang, from the division of the country at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the unification of the sui Dynasty, Guanzhong Chang'an still successively served as the capital of several divided dynasties of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Western Jin Dynasty, the Former Zhao, the Former Qin, the Later Qin, the Western Wei, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty, without losing its special position in the history of Chinese culture. In the Sui and Tang dynasties, it was not only fully aware of the significance of the Guanzhong region as an ancient political, economic and cultural center for a long time, but also further realized the significance of the establishment of the capital Chang'an to relieve the invasion of the northern nomads and maintain national unity. The capital chang'an not only showed the will of the Sui and Tang dynasties to consolidate political power and develop the economy internally, but also showed the determination to exclude the invasion of foreign troubles by the turks and other ethnic groups in the north. It is in this context that Guanzhong once again developed as the center of the Yellow River culture as the capital of a unified dynasty after it once again lost its status as the political, economic, and cultural center of the country due to national divisions and other reasons at the end of the Western Han Dynasty.
Zheng Baiqu
As the capital of the country, the Han and Tang dynasties attached great importance to the economic development of the Guanzhong region. Agricultural irrigation projects such as zhengbai canal, longshou canal, and chengguo canal were built in Guanzhong, and other preferential policies were implemented, so that Guanzhong soon became the most prosperous and wealthy economic center in the country. For example, according to the "Book of Han And Food Goods", when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was "the money of the Beijing Master, accumulating millions of dollars, decayed and unorganized; the millet of Taicang, Chen Chen Xiangyin, overflowing with dew and accumulated outside, corruption is inedible." In the folk", there are horses in the streets and alleys, and the livers and strangers are flocked, and the special ones are not allowed to gather, and the cancer-keepers eat sorghum meat. "Here, the first national university in history, Taixue, was established, and with the help of it, the unique "Shiyi bureaucrat" political system was created in China; it was also here in the Changle Palace that the Han Confucian scholar Shusun Tong made rituals and practiced "chaoyi", which not only established the hierarchical relationship between the monarch and the people, the monarch and the upper bureaucracy, but also profoundly affected the establishment and development of various hierarchical and inferior traditions in Chinese society; the establishment of the ancient Chinese official philosophical Confucian tradition was also initiated by Dong Zhongshu and the "deposing of the Hundred Families" by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Confucianism" began to develop under the policy. As the capital of the country, it concentrated the largest number of books and scholars in the country, and a large number of the most outstanding cultural achievements of the time emerged, such as Liu Xiang and his son Liu Ou's school book TianluGe, which became China's first bibliographic work, "Seven Sketches"; Sima Qianfa angrily wrote "History of History", which became a generation of monuments in the history of Chinese history and literature; "Zhou Pai Arithmetic", "Nine Chapters Arithmetic", "Book of Victory" and other works, which represented a new level of science and technology in this era.
Xi Du Fu
As a concentrated representative of the Han Dynasty culture, the construction of Han Chang'an City also fully reflects its majesty. Han Ban Gu once described the situation of Han Chang'an in the "Xidu Fu": he said that it "even the Golden City and its ten thousand pheasants, near the Zhou Chi Chengyuan, the three broad roads, the twelve tongmen, the inner street Dongda, Yan Yan and Qian, the opening of the nine cities, the goods are divided, people must not be cared about, the car must not be rotated, the city is overflowing, the side flow is hundreds of centimeters, the red dust is four, and the smoke and clouds are connected." "The palaces in the city are even more lined up, and the golden walls are brilliant. For example, the "Three Auxiliary Yellow Figures" contains the front hall of Weiyang Palace: "Fifty zhang in the east and west, fifteen in depth, thirty-five zhang in height... With Mulan as the forbidden core, Wen Xing as the beam and pillar; Jin Fu Yuhu, Hua Zhao (the rafters are painted with patterns) wall blocks, carved jade tones (pillar foundation stones), Chongxuan Lou Sills, Qingzhuo Dan waving, left weapon right flat, gold as the wall belt, between the Heshi Zhenyu, the wind to its sound Ling Xianye. "And the Jianzhang Palace is a combination of palaces and pavilions, known as 'thousands of doors'.
A prosperous scene of the Tang Dynasty
The Sui and Tang dynasties, especially the descendants, were a peak period in the development of China's feudal society. As the capital of Chang'an, it not only concentrates highly developed handicrafts, prosperous commercial trade, extensive transportation, and outstanding scientific and technological achievements, but also ethnic minorities and foreign merchants and envoys gathered in Chang'an from all directions, Chang'an is not only the center of the Yellow River culture of the Tang Dynasty, but also an important international city.
The capital of the Sui and Tang dynasties
Covering an area of 84 square kilometers, the capital of the Sui and Tang Dynasties is grand in scale and well-populated in architecture. Not only is there a strict layout of "a hundred houses like a Game of Go, and the Twelfth Street is like a vegetable tree", but there are also a magnificent palace building with "left xiang driving the right perch phoenix, tilting two thresholds and wings, ringing A ge to swing around, and like a dragon walking straight". Politicians and scientists such as Li Shimin, Wei Zheng, Jia Tan, Li Jifu, and Sun Siwei appeared here, but also writers and artists such as Wang Wei, Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Yan Lide, Yan Liben, Wu Daozi, Zhang Xu, and Huai Su emerged. At the same time, exquisite handicraft products and prosperous commercial activities have made Tang Chang'an more vibrant.
Loss of capital status
The Western Zhou Dynasty built the capital Fenghao, and at the same time built Luoyi near present-day Luoyang, and explained that the advantage of Luoyi was that "in this world, the four people paid tribute to Daoli jun", so Fenghao was called Zong Zhou, and Luoyi was called Chengzhou. The Western Han, Sui, and Tang dynasties explicitly designated Luoyang and Chang'an as the two capitals of the east and west, and although the political center was mostly in Chang'an, the emperors of the Sui and Tang dynasties, such as the Sui Dynasty Emperor Yang Guang, the Tang Taizong Li Shimin, the Gaozong Li Zhi, and the female emperor Wu Zetian, also went to Luoyang many times, especially Wu Zetian lived in Luoyang for a longer time. These facts show that although Chang'an has many superior geographical conditions, in order to take care of all aspects of the country in order to strengthen its rule, the feudal dynasty cannot but set up a key city as an auxiliary to Chang'an in the area of the Central Plains, which was an area with earlier cultural development.
Yangzhou City
With the development of the war in the north and the economy in the south after the Han Dynasty, the food needed by millions of residents in Chang'an City in the Han and Tang Dynasties needed to rely on a large supply in Jiangnan. The transportation of grain from the south of the Qing Dynasty to Chang'an was a major difficulty for the people to work hard and hurt their wealth at that time. After the middle of the Tang Dynasty, Yangzhou (present-day Yangzhou, Jiangsu) and Yizhou (present-day Chengdu, Sichuan) became the largest handicraft centers in the country, known as "Yangyi" and "Yi'er", and the national economic center has moved south to Jiangnan.
Silk Road
In addition to the economic development situation, there is also a very important situation, that is, the famous "Silk Road" in history since the Han and Tang Dynasties, China's land communication route to Asia, Europe and Africa starting from Chang'an, has gradually been blocked since the rise of the Tufan forces. Therefore, after the middle of the Tang Dynasty, external traffic gradually shifted from land routes focusing on the western region to sea routes. At that time, important ports, such as Mingzhou (present-day Ningbo) in Zhejiang, Quanzhou in Fujian, and Guangzhou in Guangdong, became the main gateways for transportation in China and Various regions of Asia, Africa and Europe. The ivory, rhino horn, pearls, spices, rare birds and animals cherished by the bureaucratic aristocrats who lived in Chang'an in the Tang Dynasty were also imported from Guangzhou. These circumstances show that although the geographical conditions of Chang'an have not changed, due to the development of the national situation, after the Tang Dynasty, it can no longer become the political, economic and cultural center of the country. Therefore, the Northern Song Dynasty abandoned Chang'an and chose the Central Plains of Bieliang (present-day Kaifeng, Henan).
After the Song Dynasty, Chang'an still occupied an important position in the country. Generations of ruling classes have always regarded Chang'an as a military stronghold controlling the northwest and southwest. Chang'an still occupies an important political, economic and cultural position, but in any case, Chang'an's status as the center of national civilization is gone. In the centuries since then, it can only exchange with each other with an important regional culture, and accept the political, economic, cultural and other influences of the new cultural center center centered on Kaifeng, Hangzhou, Nanjing, and Beijing.
Rural customs in Guanzhong
The Eight Monsters of Shaanxi
There are many customs in the countryside of Guanzhong, and there are also many interesting phenomena. "The stool does not sit and squat up" is a custom, a scene, and it is also one of the eight monsters in Guanzhong. Squatting, according to our Shaanxi western dialect is more vulgar, that is, it is a squat, just like the Qin cavity drama, the old Shaanxi knows. Rural people in Guanzhong love to "warm up" and love to eat.
Especially in the morning, in the village alley cross under the old locust tree under a bunch of people to eat, unless the weather is really bad, the general weather of the village men will mostly serve a large thick porcelain bowl, crouched under the old locust tree while eating while gossiping, do not know when to start, do not know who, this kind of eating gossip occasion called "old bowl meeting". The general level of meals that can come to the "old bowl meeting" is similar, each person has an old bowl of thick and mushy bud hazelnuts, some cover a lump of syrup water vegetables on the bud valley hazelnuts, hand bends two or three bar steamed buns or steamed buns, the right hand catches chopsticks, while walking and eating. There are also exquisite people, the left hand of an old bowl, although the same is the bud valley hazelnut, but the pulp water dish is not covered on the bud valley hazel, but the right hand in addition to holding chopsticks, but also holding a plate, which has a small number of pulp water vegetables, surrounded by several steamed buns. There are also days when the garlic on a plate is added to some pickled garlic, or a plate of oily spicy seeds and pickled garlic, and in the autumn some people carry fried green spicy seeds, but almost all of them eat half a thick bud valley noodle cake.
Whether it is a bowl or a bowl of plates, those who come to the "old bowl society" also do not sit, and they also have to eat. The first-comers and those who arrive here are the first to be here, and those who feel that they are close to them or have similar qualifications will crouch on the left or right or opposite, and the later people will make up for the gaps left and automatically form a circle. The circle began to be small, and as more and more people came, the later people continued to retreat. Of course, no matter how big the last circle retreats, the first person to come is not moved.
The theme of the "Old Bowl Meeting" is always the mother-in-law in the house, the children in school, the pig babies behind, the crops in the field, the hard work of the sun and the moon, the funny things of society, of course, joking and amusing is also an important content. Eating the rice in their respective bowls, looking at the bowls of others, if it is better than others, there will be a sense of pride, the spirit is alive, feel that married a good daughter-in-law, the rice is worse than others, consciously no face, eat people's chopsticks to adjust the oil and spicy seeds of good syrup water vegetables or pickled garlic, only sigh. What the cropper thinks the most in his heart is always the crop. The wind and rain are smooth, the dining room drinks a bud hazelnut is strong, and the sound of sucking is the same as singing.
Guanzhong folk customs and culture
The folk customs in Guanzhong are simple and the folk culture is rich and rich, among which the folk culture activities during the Spring Festival are the most distinctive, with a strong local atmosphere.
Sacrifice stove
In the countryside, the twenty-third day of the Waxing Moon is the beginning of the New Year's Pass, and the twenty-third day of the Waxing Moon is called "passing the Small Year". There are also some places called "sacrificial stoves", that is, the "stove kings" who are the masters of good fortune and evil, in order to seek food and clothing.
After the New Year, people prepare for the Spring Festival, slaughtering pigs and sheep, milling rice, grinding noodles, making tofu, buying vegetables, hanging noodles, and preparing all the food needed for the New Year.
Steamed buns
The 27th to 29th of the Waxing Moon is the steaming time, and every household steames several cages of steamed Women go to the streets to buy clothes, shoes and socks for the elderly and children, while the elderly buy red paper, New Year paintings, coins, white linen paper and other New Year ceremonial supplies.
In the first two days of the new year, whether in the city or in the countryside, it is necessary to "sweep the house", and even the corners of the front and back of the house must be cleaned, and the windows are re-pasted with white paper and pasted with big red window flowers.
Paste couplets
Chinese New Year's Eve early in the morning, couplets and door gods are posted on the door of the house, and New Year paintings are hung in the house.
The 30th night of the Waxing Moon is called "Chinese New Year's Eve", which is a day of family reunion, and relatives in other places rush home to reunite with their families. After nightfall, every household is illuminated, firecrackers are set off, Andan sleepless, and the vigil is also called keeping the year, otherwise a year will be unlucky. The main activities of the Shou Nian are dumplings, the whole family sits together, rolls out the dough skin, wraps the stuffing, laughs, joyous, newly married new daughter-in-law and son-in-law "back to the door", steamed 20 big gift buns, with four packs of generous gifts to visit parents, return on the same day, not in the mother's accommodation, there is a custom of "no empty room in the first month".
Chinese New Year's Eve night
During the Chinese New Year, various activities such as beating gongs and drums, acting and singing, and dancing club fires are very lively.
Shaanxi Guanzhong profound cultural accumulation, the formation of a unique customs and customs and unique regional culture, with the rapid development of modern society, folk culture is gradually forgotten by people, the long history of folk culture for posterity left a rich and diverse cultural heritage, it waits for us to continue to inherit and carry forward the vast.
Guanzhong funeral culture
The funerary culture in the Guanzhong area has a long history, cultural relics can verify history, and folklore can intuitively reflect history.
From the perspective of folklore, the funerary sacrifice culture in the Guanzhong area is also an important part of our national culture.
The various ceremonies held during funerals in the rural areas of Guanzhong region can well reflect the family affection, filial piety, customs, and worship between people.
When a person dies, relatives will immediately organize a group of people to perform their duties, reporting the funeral to relatives and friends, inviting Mr. Feng Shui, inviting drummers, contacting the chef, setting up a banquet tent, etc.
Mr. Feng Shui will write the door number (that is, obituary < fùgào>) according to the birthday of the deceased, the identity of the descendants of the gate tribe, and hang it in front of the door of the deceased's home, the door number format is very elaborate, the honorific is just right, and then the compass will be used to outline the location of the tomb, determine the mourning period, etc.
Welcome paper
In the setting up of spiritual halls for the deceased, distributing filial piety cloth to relatives and juniors, etc., while also purchasing funeral supplies, the first plaster painted virgins and boys in funeral goods, which is the martyrdom of people who could only be enjoyed by the nobles in ancient times, and evolved into a manifestation of ordinary people's contempt for the hierarchy in today's society.
In addition, it is the daily necessities of the deceased, the men's tobacco and alcohol tea sets, the women's combs and mirrors, and so on. Both men and women were to place a clay pot with green onions in the burial chamber, which meant that the descendants of the deceased would be wise and rich.
At the time of sealing (nailing the coffin lid), if the deceased is a woman, the mother's family must be present, and if the deceased is a man, the elder of his door must be present. This custom has two meanings, one is to see if the deceased died a normal death, and the other is to make a final farewell. This custom has continued for thousands of years, and the covers are generally made of red satin and embroidered with dragons and phoenixes or other auspicious patterns.
In the folk, the end of the old life is a happy event.
Mourning is ancient, poignant, and sad. At different stages, the tunes and styles of their music are different. On the night before the funeral, the trumpeters' cries were like tears, accompanied by the cries of their loved ones, and the neighbors were full of tears. At the time of burial, the melody is the most tragic, and relatives will cover their faces and cry when they smell it. On the way out of the funeral, the music will be melodious, used to soothe and regulate the sadness of relatives for several days, and to soothe the emotions of relatives and friends.
On the afternoon before the burial, relatives and friends came to mourn as promised, sending gifts, bills, wreaths, pasta, etc. That night, the children kept vigil all night, staying up all night, burning incense and paper, and the lights were not extinguished.
After the burial, a feast is held. During the banquet, Xiaozi Xiansun Sufu bowed to the villagers and others to thank him.
Since the death of the deceased, every seven days is one seven, until the end of the seven seven, and then for a hundred days, in such a short period of time repeated mourning activities, the intention is to deepen the remembrance and remembrance of the deceased. This is followed by the first anniversary, the second anniversary, and the third anniversary (erection of the monument). During the three-year mourning period, the son's family cannot paste red couplets during the Spring Festival, and the iron-purple couplets are written in memory of the deceased relatives. Since then, there has been no appointment for mourning days except for the Qingming Festival, the Winter Clothing Festival, and the Chinese New Year's Eve Night when the children go to the grave to priesthood. This custom is in line with the nostalgia of relatives in the short term, and it is also in line with the law of people gradually forgetting events over time.
Funeral culture lasts for thousands of years and endures for a long time, indicating the value of its existence, which is both a funeral culture and an important component of Chinese culture. Funeral activities can not pay attention to publicity, extravagance and waste, mourn relatives, not to chase gods and ghosts, which stem from the blood relationship of relatives of the inexhaustible thoughts, reflecting people's reverence for life, funeral culture for social stability, enhance family members, villager relations and so on has a special significance, its social function is far-reaching.
Guanzhong Temple Fair
As an intangible cultural heritage, the Guanzhong Temple Fair has a long history and rich connotations, preserving the spiritual beliefs of the people and is a "living folk custom". Its origins can be traced back to ancient deity sacrifices. In the consciousness of the ancestors, it was the gods of all walks of life who ruled over everything in the world.
People pray for blessings from disasters, pray for the wind and rain to be smooth, and sacrifices are indispensable.
Zhou Li. The Chunguan says: "If the music changes six times, then the gods of heaven and earth will descend and can be obtained and ceremonial; if the music is eight changes, the earth (land gods) will all be out, and they can be obtained and ceremonial; if the music is changed, then people and ghosts can get and be gifted." From this, it can be seen that there must also be dance and music in the sacrifice, which has a direct impact on the temple fair in later generations. Due to the assembly and gathering nature of the sacrifice, the burning incense and worship of the Buddha, so the traders found the business opportunities, so they gathered around the temple, operating food snacks and small commodities, etc., the sacrifice gradually took on the nature of "city", so the temple fair is also known as the temple market. Legend has it that in the era of the Yellow Emperor, "Japan and China were cities", and according to the "Thirty-three Years of Zuo Chuan and Gong Gong", it can be seen that during the Spring and Autumn Period, the temple market was already formed. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, especially during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, due to the introduction of Buddhism, taoism prevailed, and temples and Taoist temples flourished, the scale and frequency of temple fairs were unprecedented. With the regularity and popularity of empty worship, the commercial and entertainment of religious activities that have gradually secularized has also greatly increased, and the holding of temple fairs has added more to the color of folk customs. After the Tang Dynasty, the temple fair was further developed during the Song Dynasty. And the real perfection of the temple fair was in the Ming and Qing dynasties and even in modern times. In this way, the temple fair gradually developed from the initial solemn deity sacrifice activities into a comprehensive social activity of deity sacrifice, commodity trade and exchange of feelings.
The sacrificial function of the temple fair
More than 2,000 years ago, Qin Shi Huang built a Qing Temple in the Zhou ZhiLou Guantai to worship Laozi; Li Yuan of the Tang Dynasty recognized Li Er as a distant ancestor, built a large-scale Zongsheng Palace in Guanzhong, and held a grand ceremony of worship.
The temple's initial solemn ritual activities set the tone for the theme of the temple fair in the future. Nowadays, the most important part of the ancient temple fairs with a long history in various places is the sacrifice.
In Yongfeng Town, Pucheng County, there is a Houji Temple Festival on the sixth day of June every year, and the form of sacrifice adopts court ceremonies, which are solemn and solemn. In the early morning, from local officials to famous eunuchs and squires, they all bathed and changed their clothes, dressed neatly, and entered the Houji Temple to kneel and worship the god of agriculture. Everyone sang the "Chapter of Yongfeng" together, "First farmer sows the valley, and grams match the other heavens." Grain I steamed people, Yu Swannian. The gods of nongxiang are righteous, and the wind is full of altars. Days boy, it is advisable to cultivate in the field.".
Every year on the sixteenth day of the first month and the seventh day of the first month of June, a grand sacrifice of Hou Ji and Jiang Yan is held on the western slope of Wugong Town! Moving, locals call it "Travel hundred diseases". It is believed that after going up to the mountain to sacrifice, disasters and diseases can be eliminated. During the sacrifice, the song team and the community fire team took turns to perform ten incense songs, burn incense, burn yellow watches, and read the sacrifice text, and the scene was warm and solemn.
On the first day of April, the Zhou Gong Temple Festival, which lasts for ten days, in addition to grand sacrifices, also has various activities such as praying for rain, praying for dolls, paying tribute to gods and worshiping gods; the Lingshan Temple Fair in the west of Fengxiang County is said to have begun in the Tang Dynasty. During each session, good men and women from Fengxiang, Qianyang, Longxian, Wugong, Fufeng, and Meixian counties gathered here to burn incense and worship the Buddha, without stopping for several days. The temple is filled with cigarettes from morning to evening, and firecrackers are incessant; in recent years, on the eighth birthday of Shakyamuni shakyamuni in the fourth month of the lunar calendar, the Buddhist temple fair at Fufeng Famen Temple has attracted monks from all over the world. Tourists from all over the country and around the world flocked to the scene, creating a new cultural and tourist landscape.
Most of the temple fairs in various places are named after the name of the temple. Such as the City God Temple Fair, Guandi Temple Fair, Xiyue Temple Fair, Lishan Temple Fair, Louguantai Temple Fair, Eight Immortals Temple Fair, Baishui Cangjie Temple Fair, Yaoxian YaowangShan Temple Fair, Longxian LongmenDong Temple Fair and so on.
In addition, there are also temple fairs named after the distinctive trading content. For example, the temple fair on the first day of the tenth month of the lunar calendar in Gaotang Town, Such as Hua County, is called "SaiguHui" because of the large number of ancient clothes sold; for example, in the southeast of the county, there is a temple fair dedicated to the god of ShaohuaShan on the eighth day of February every year, because the local agricultural and sideline products, such as rake sticks, shovels, etc. are sold here, so it is also called "cane beat will not".
The trading function of the temple fair
The Guanzhong people refer to the temple fair as "following the meeting" and "visiting the meeting", and the "catching up" and "catching up the wei" in other places are of the same nature. In the long feudal society, China's market economy has not been developed enough, and commerce accounts for a low proportion of the whole society. Most of the material exchanges in the countryside are limited to market towns or land and water docks where people gather. But its popularity and popularity are far less than the large-scale temple fairs. In addition to the worship of gods, the commodity trade occupies an important share in temple fairs.
The commodity trade of the temple fair can be divided into three categories. First, the food market, temple fairs, all kinds of food in guanzhong that tempt people to eat. Under the cloth shed and the mat shed, there is a family of cold powder, dough, dumplings, oil tea, peppery soup, egg mash, lamb steamed buns, powder soup and sheep blood and so on.
The stalls are crowded with people, and the smell of the street is fragrant. At this time, the most important greeting in the meeting is "Have you eaten?" "Men, women and children, it seems that everyone must eat something at the meeting to count the meeting."
In the 1960s and 1970s, many old men walked dozens of miles in order to be able to eat a bowl of red meat boiled buns for 2 cents and 5 parts at the meeting. There are also many people who bring their own dry food in order to save money and break their own steamed buns to cook red meat. The food market was the most popular at the temple fair, which also reflected the hardships of people's lives in that era; in addition, the local product market at the temple fair was very active. All kinds of agricultural tools, ploughs, wooden shovels, flat weights, no heads, sickles, sieves, dustpans, brooms, etc., are all kinds of things. At the temple fairs in Huxian County, people like to buy the village's "wrong end" (wooden shovel handle), Nanyang Village's "plate thin" (pickle board), (sieve). Dongyang Village's "many eyes" (bamboo sieves).
The pots and pans and daily necessities at the temple fair are even more dazzling; in addition, it is the poultry and livestock trade such as pigs, sheep, horses, cattle, etc., so some temple fairs are also called mule and horse conventions.
In short, the whole temple fair is colorful and lively. When the sages designed temple fairs in various places, most of them deliberately arranged them in agricultural leisure time, or at the beginning of the year, at the end of the year, before the spring sowing and summer planting, or after the autumn harvest and winter harvest, except for auspicious celebrations, in order to facilitate commodity trade.
Judging from the investigation of the Guanzhong Temple Fair at the end of the last century, the long-influential temple fairs have made outstanding contributions to the active exchange of materials between urban and rural areas. Often a large temple fair, three or five days there are millions of trade. Many supply and marketing cooperatives in market towns take the initiative to go to the countryside during the temple fair and follow the meetings everywhere to increase sales. There are also many individual traders who wander around the temple fairs all year round, and even make their homes.
The entertainment function of the temple fair
In addition to sacrifice and trade, entertaining the public has become an important function of the temple fair. For a long time, the cultural life in guanzhong was relatively monotonous, and there were fewer public entertainment activities. Every year, except for some social performances during the Spring Festival, there is a lack of cultural entertainment throughout the year, and the temple fair just meets the needs of the masses. A variety of juggling, circus, snare, magic shake, etc., visitors can both watch and participate. In the entertainment, the tiredness of labor and the boredom of the soul have been fully alleviated and moisturized. Among them, the most important form of entertainment is singing Qin. It is often a few days, and the drama is sung for several days. During the day it is a folding play, and at night it is this play. In the dust, the gongs and drums and the plate beard are high-pitched and excited, and the pianist wearing sunglasses and biting the cigarette mouth is intoxicated. At the climax of the temple fair, it is often necessary to sing "Tianming Opera", the orchestra is melodious, the audience applauds continuously, and the obsessed fans stay up all night. Singing opera generally please the nearby troupe, good please county troupe, to be able to invite the Province's Qin Cavity Troupe or Xiqu Research Institute's play, that in the radius of dozens of miles "ring the bell". On the day of the play, as soon as the gong and drum sounded, people boiled. In the distance, only the main road and the country road can be seen, and the old man and the boy, the mother-in-law and the daughter-in-law, the red man and the green woman rush to the temple fair in a network. No matter what time, there are always people under the stage, noisy and noisy.
After the play, it is often necessary to "play the scene" first. The bamboo sticks of the forest are densely packed on both sides of the platform, and once the crowding occurs, the bamboo sticks are beaten together, and a crowd shouts "Sit down!" The crowd would be shouting
It was suppressed and quelled. Children ride on the necks of adults, mothers-in-law stand on stacked stools, and elderly men stand tired, crouching far under trees, smoking cigarettes and singing with their eyes closed. The naughty boys went in and out of the bushes, chasing and fighting. The girls and boys pretended to watch the play, their eyes looking for eyes to speak. There are also young men and women,
Borrow the temple to meet and betrothed. The day of the "meeting round" is the climax of the temple fair. People who are busy and can't open their bodies, or who are inconvenient to go back and forth, will pick up the day of the circle to follow.
On this day, the flow of people, trade, entertainment and enthusiasm of the participants will reach their peak, and various folk art activities will also be staged: social fires, stilts, dragon lanterns, gongs and drums, ceremonial guards, folk dances, etc.
The annual folk temple fair, summoning the masses to gather from all directions, has a festive and peaceful atmosphere, the whole world celebrates, which can really be called the Guanzhong people's own "carnival", their own large "PARTY".
The spiritual pleasure brought by the temple fair to the urban and rural masses cannot be measured by money and material.
The emotional exchange function of the temple fair
The closure and isolation of the small-scale peasant economy has made the people in Guanzhong lack communication and exchanges with each other. Temple fairs everywhere have provided opportunities and conveniences for them. Often a temple fair is held in a certain place, and a certain family becomes the "office" where relatives come to visit the temple fair. When thirsty, I went into the house to drink water, and when I was hungry, I went to eat, and I simply stayed at a relative's house at night when I was far away. There are women who call their mothers to visit the party, there are relatives who call their relatives to watch the drama, there are nephews who call their uncles to watch the liveliness, and there are sons-in-law who invite old Taishan to play.
A temple fair came down, crisscrossing the relationship network around the master, usually people on the meeting, can not say the words, the estranged feelings are closer, the contradiction of the festival is solved, and the harmony between relatives and friends increases. Those who are keen on temple fairs are even more virtuous people in the townships, who hold cigarette poles in their hands and wear stone mirrors in their eyes, and the temple venues in various places do not fall. They followed, one for distraction, two pictures to see the liveliness. These people have been cultivating acres of land all their lives, and acquaintances are everywhere in the circle. As a result, the temple fair became the best place for them to meet and relax. You can often see three or five old men squatting on the ground at the temple fair, enthusiastically pushing and letting go of the smoke pot.
Some old men are keen to go to the party, just to let people know that he is still alive. At the temple fair they found out who had died, and it was a few months. Everyone will sigh: did so-and-so still see it at last year's meeting, people are very spirited! The old ladies also have some close friends of the year who married in other places, which are rare to see on weekdays, and they meet unexpectedly at the temple fair, they are all surprised to hold their hands and give way to the side of the road, telling the parents that they are short, complaining about the ruthlessness of the years. As for the young men and women who have not yet passed through the door, they use the temple fair to meet privately and exchange heartfelt feelings, which is an open secret. Filial piety children, whenever they go to the temple fair, will give the old man some pocket money to let the old man go to the meeting happily.
The temple fair is an emotional intercourse for people from all walks of life
Streams provide opportunities and places. The cultural heritage of the temple fair and the economic vision of the temple fair have a long and profound cultural lineage. In view of the folk phenomenon of temple fair trade, Wu Kelian, a scholar of Pucheng in the Qing Dynasty, wrote a link: "When you see the scenery, you will quickly arrive at the scene, and set up a three-day meeting to buy some things and things; this bustle is not purely a play, but also uses it to blow and beat to wake up the idle people in February."
Today, thousands of years later, the essence of the temple fair tradition is left behind and qualifies for the declaration of the intangible cultural heritage of mankind. Guanzhong ground, the April 8 wax sculpture art in Nandou Village from Zhou to the end, the Niu Lao Ye Society Fire on the tenth day of the first month of the first month of Houguanzhai in Chang'an YingZhen, the Ducheng God Temple Fair on Xi'an West Avenue, the ancient music performance of Weiqu He Jiaying on the 15th day of the first month, the bullfighting tiger in Matai Township of Zhouzhi Louguan Town, the You BaiYi disease in Xiyuan of Wugong Town on the sixteenth day of the first month, the Weaver Girl Temple Festival in Shi Po Temple in The Seventeenth Day of the First Month, etc., are all of great inheritance and great value.
In recent years, with the continuous improvement of people's living standards, ancient temple fairs have been sought after by more and more people, and the temple fair economy has risen. Slightly influential temple fairs, often flowing thousands of people. Temple fairs during the 5 to 10-day period are crowded every day. Under the wave of a large number of foreign supermarkets, in fact, China's temple fairs have long interpreted and practiced the spirit and essence of supermarkets. China's real market is hidden in the countryside, and the temple fair in the countryside is the engine that starts rural consumption.
The temple fair economy has survived for millennia, and now it is time to revitalize it
finish.
Guanzhong Hanzi
The meandering river does not drink water
Broken, the grass hall smoke is closely connected. Lishan Mountain shines red in the evening, too white snow for June days. As the saying goes, "a hundred miles of different winds, ten miles of different customs", Shaanxi's customs are also very unique, after the collection called: Shaanxi is a big monster: Shaanxi ten monsters Noodles like trouser belts, pot helmets like pot lids, spicy seeds are a dish, steamed buns are sold in large bowls, bowls and pans are difficult to separate, Papa head is worn, the house is half covered, the girl is not outside, does not sit up and squats, singing and roaring. Most of the people in Guanzhong are introverted, taciturn, cold on the outside and hot on the inside, and have deep emotions. I don't know whether it is too much weight, or the ancient adage of "gentlemen are sensitive to words and sensitive to deeds" have a far-reaching impact, and men in Guanzhong generally speak very little. For their wives and children, although they have full of affection, they will not hang on their faces. The men in Guanzhong are neither as good as the "old Beijing" who can speak the Tao, humorous and funny; nor are they as gentle and gentle as the southerners. Whether young or old, the words are full of confidence, high throat and loud voice, straight forward, sometimes almost knocking down the south wall. Jun did not see the Qin Cavity drama stage, the roar of life, is the portrayal of the Xi'an people to convey the gods. Guanzhong people are honest, bold, cold and warm,complicated with friends, and righteousness comes first. Temperament is similar, personality is compatible, but you can also talk to you for half a night, take out the heart; once your character is not looked at, then you are sorry, the right eye will not look at it, it is not speculative for more than half a sentence. Most of the people in Guanzhong have a straight temperament and would rather bend than bend. That is, they are not good at observing words and colors, nor do they love to meet each other, and they are most unaccustomed to those who shoot horses and whiskers, and they are dismissed as "slippery goods". Because of Geng Zhi, young people love to complain, love to give advice to leaders, complain that they are not reused, and praise themselves as "rear-mother-raised", no matter how well they do their work, "exhaustion is useless". Therefore, for more than twenty years, there have been many "peacocks flying southeast". Guanzhong people have a good face. Guests, must be seven plates and eight bowls, persuade the guests not to drink a drunken tincture before they are willing to give up. It is often said that the three major events of life --- marrying a daughter-in-law, building a house, and settling the elderly, it is even more pompous, lest it be ridiculed as "pimping". Guanzhong people pay attention to "real work", step by step. Don't like to be ostentatious, sloppy, bluff. Therefore, Shaanxi has all walks of life in science, education, culture and health, and has produced brilliant talents and brilliant results. Not only did the Literary Shaanxi Army's Crusade in the first ten years have surprised the whole country; it is also the cloned sheep that the Shaanxi people have put together in recent years, the Long March No. 5, which sent the "Shenzhou to Heaven", which also attracted the world's attention. Most of the people in Guanzhong do not love profits and are not good at business. Many people believe that "everything is half of the product, only the reading is high", and they scorn the economic road, so the three Qin lands, doing large and small business, mostly southerners. In the past 20 years, although many Xi'an people have "gone to the sea" to do business, they have "choked on water" more and made fewer profits. Guanzhong people are cautious in handling things, strictly abide by the "traffic rules" in everything, and do not exceed the rules and half a step, unlike southerners, "green light running, yellow light rushing, red light around". For the elders and superiors, they always "don't give or make trouble, can't call, don't give", they are simply a "good child", and believe that "poor people must also be poor and rigid". Guanzhong people are leisurely and easy to satisfy. In the past, "thirty acres of land, a cow, wife and children hot kiln head" was the ideal state of his life; now, there is a stable job, there is a house of his own, and the income can be passed, and it is quite satisfied. In life, there are "oily spicy pants with noodles, lamb bubbles, meat and steamed buns, except for the gods is me"; cultural entertainment, there are Qin operas to watch all year round, and it is also "thrashed". In dealing with work, "the contribution is not large every year, and the steps are not big every year." This is the Guanzhong man on this piece of imperial thick soil.
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