Citrus borer, also known as "mesomorph", is a type of insect pest that occurs during the growth of citrus, mainly including blowing silkworms, yagus and red roundworms. These pests often cause leaves to wilt, branches to wither, or even the entire plant to die. In order to help farmers better control citrus shell insects, this article summarizes the relevant countermeasures in detail for your reference.
Citrus blowing silkworm:
Life habits: 2 to 3 generations occur in 1 year, and adults, eggs and nymphs of all ages winter on the main trunk and branches. The occurrence period of blowing silkworm varies from place to place. Blowing silkworms often reproduce in parthenogenesis. Warm and high humidity are suitable for its climatic conditions. The temperature is about 20 °C, the humidity is high, and it is the suitable condition for spawning, and the amount of eggs laid below 15 °C is significantly reduced. In addition, frost, dry heat, and heavy rain are not conducive to its reproduction. The blowing sponge borer is small and spreads mainly through wind or with seedling scion and agricultural activities.
Prevention and control methods: a comprehensive control policy based on biological control, supplemented by artificial and pharmaceutical control. (1) Pay attention to pruning the insect branches and burn them centrally. (2) When the blowing sponge borer is serious and the area is large, australian ladybugs or big red ladybirds should be introduced. Release time: Australian ladybugs are best from April to June and September to October. The big red ladybird is from April to September, and it is best to choose a tree with serious blowing insect pests, dense foliage and vigorous growth. Orchards where ladybugs are placed. After the release of insects and before the blowing silkworm is destroyed, it is not advisable to spray medicine so as not to kill ladybugs. The number of insects, according to the density of insect populations, generally a park of 300-500 plants of orchards, the amount of insects to 50 to 200 heads is appropriate, all kinds of insects can be released, the more the better. Generally, after the release of insects, 1-2 months, the blowing sponge can be eliminated. (3) When the area where blowing sponges occur is not large, only a few plants are seriously damaged, and there are many nymphs and there are no ladybugs, manual treatment or spray control should be carried out. It can be used with 40% phosphorus killing (rapid culling) emulsion, 25% chlorpyrifos wettable powder 1000 times liquid, perchlorine amidine 1000 times, each agent can be mixed with 95% motor oil emulsion 300 times the liquid prevention effect is better.
Citrus sativa:
Yasui occurs in three generations in the southern citrus region in one year. It overwinters mainly as unsertilized female adults and 2-year male adults. Females do not lay eggs without mating, and the overwintering females have the same maturity before spawning, so the amount of occurrence of the first generation of young females is concentrated, and when the average temperature reaches 19 °C from April to early May every year, the overwintering female adults begin to lay eggs, and the average daily temperature in late October is below 17 °C to stop laying eggs. There are generally three peaks in early May, mid-July, and early October. Yasukites prefer warm and humid environments, so citrus grows larger, has lush foliage, has sealed fields, and has greater humidity, which is especially suitable for the large occurrence of Yasukino.
Yasukasa is a more difficult pest to control. Because of its large amount of occurrence and the waxy back of the adult body, conventional agents are not easy to control. Commonly used prevention and control methods are:
1. Biological control
There are many natural enemies of citrus shell insects such as Yasuisuke, mainly ladybirds (commonly known as flower sisters), parasitic bees, parasitic bacteria and so on. For example, the red, green and black ladybugs in the ladybird can prey on about 2,000 heads of mesozoites in their lifetime, when the mesozoite body is soft, you can eat all the mesozoites, when the body wall of the mesozoite is hard, the red-green black ladybug bites the mesozoite into a hole, the head sticks into the shell, eats all the flesh in the shell, and has a greater effect on controlling the mesozoite. The larvae and adults of the black-green-red ladybird can prey on the insects. Ladybugs that can prey on mesozoans also include red ring ladybirds, red dot lip ladybirds, Australian ladybirds, large red ladybirds, etc., these ladybirds occur 1 to 2 generations a year, most of the adults overwinter in deciduous leaves, earth-stone crevices or tree burrows, and sting activities in March and April of the following year. The parasitic wasps commonly found on the shell are golden aphid wasps and soft aphid wasps. The effect of using natural enemy insects to eliminate insects is generally difficult to achieve with chemical agents, so it is necessary to protect these natural enemy insects and prevent and control pests.
2. Pharmaceutical prevention and treatment
According to years of observation, there are the following kinds of pesticides with high prevention effect on citrus Yajianjie: First, it kills phosphorus. 40% killing phosphorus 1000~ 1500 times the liquid can prevent 98% of the young suke, and can kill the naribs. However, this drug is highly toxic, can not be used in a large area and many times, it is best to provoke, and pay attention to strict control of concentration and frequency, so as not to produce drug harm. The second is the pine alkali mixture. Boiled with 3 parts rosin, 2 parts caustic soda and 10 parts water, it is strongly alkaline. It has strong permeability and has a corrosive effect on the shell of the arrow tip. Use a concentration of 20-30 times the liquid. Be careful not to mix with any other pesticides and not to overspray in a certain area. The third is acetamolphos. 90% acetaminphos 1500 ~ 2000 times liquid, 1 month after spraying, the anti-sagittaric effect is more than 90%, mainly used for the prevention and treatment of young children, the prevention effect of the adult is poor. The fourth is mineral oil. The oil emulsion is used 50-100 times liquid to prevent and treat young children, and the prevention effect can be more than 95%: with 30 times the oil emulsion to prevent and treat the elderly Ruojie, the prevention effect is also more than 95%. Fifth, mixed agents. Organophosphorus pesticides and motor oil emulsions can be used alone to increase efficiency by 2 to 5 times. Using a low concentration of motor oil emulsion (2%) and a low concentration of organophosphorus pesticide 2500 to 3000 times or 100 to 200 times the neem emulsion, the control effect of more than 90% can be achieved on the yasic tip female. This mixture not only increases the efficiency significantly, but is also very safe for the tree body, and can reduce the damage to natural enemies, and can also treat other insect pests such as meso, mites, whiteflies, aphids and so on. The mixing method is: 1 part of organophosphorus pesticide, 50 parts of oil emulsion, 2500 parts of water mixed together, or 1 part of organophosphorus pesticide, 70 parts of motor oil emulsion, 3500 parts of water. The varieties of organophosphorus pesticides that can be mixed with motor oil emulsions are: Leguo, water amine thion, acetaminone, dichlorvos, malathion, etc., but can not be used with highly toxic organophosphorus pesticides such as 1605, methamidophos and other organic oil emulsions.
Citrus red wax borer:
Life Habits: Red wax bugs occur once a year in 1 generation, and fertilized female adults attach to the branches and backs of leaves to overwinter. Overwintering female adults lay eggs and hatch between May and June of the following year, with a large amount of reproduction, each female adult produces 150 to 1137 eggs, and the egg period is 1 to 2 days. In Longhui, Hunan, spawning begins in mid-May, spawning and hatching are in full bloom from late May to mid-June, and late June to early July. Most of the newly hatched nymphs crawl out of the mother on sunny afternoons and migrate to the new shoots, with the most on the spring shoots of the year, followed by the branches above the second year, and the fewer worm mouths on the summer shoots of the year. The hatched nymphs are fixed in about half an hour, sucking up the juice in the host tissue, and soon begin to secrete waxy, covering the back of the body, at this time the young shoots and new leaves are covered with nymphs, like white stars. Later, with the increase of insect age, drug resistance increases, and the wax shell gradually thickens and increases until
Until the female nymph matures or the male nymph becomes a pre-pupa. Female nymphs are 3 instar, 2 instar 20 to 25 days, 2 instars 23 to 25 days, 3 instars for 30 to 35 days, a total of 73 to 85 days, in early to mid-September into female adults, after fertilization began to overwinter; male nymphs are only 2 instar, nymphs are 1 instar 20 to 25 days, 2 instars 40 to 45 days, pre-pupal period 1 to 3 days, pupal period 2 to 6 days, feathered in late August to early September, male adult lifespan is only 1 to 2 days, after mating death, so male adults are more difficult to find in the park. The survey found that the red wax borer first occurred only locally, and then expanded rapidly, and the degree of harm was closely related to the level of cultivation management. Extensive management, poor tree potential, especially the canopy is closed, which is conducive to the occurrence and harm of red wax bugs.
Prevention and control countermeasures: Red wax beetle has the characteristics of wide distribution, miscellaneous food, strong fecundity and strong stress resistance, and the prevention and control should be mainly based on pharmaceutical control, combined with the protection and utilization of natural enemy parasitic bees, pruning insect branches, strengthening fertilizer and water management and other comprehensive control measures. (1) Clear the garden in winter to reduce the source of insects. The dry branches and excessive branches and leaves of the tree are pruned, and when the insect mouth is small, the overwintering insect body can be peeled off by hand, burned centrally, and then the canopy branches and leaves are carefully sprayed with 8 to 10 times the solution or 30% sodium terrepine water emulsion 300 to 500 times the liquid 1 to 2 times to reduce the base number of the mouth of the overwintering insects. (2) Seize the critical period and choose drugs for prevention and treatment. Red wax bugs began to lay eggs in mid-May, entered the peak period in late May, basically ended from late June to early July, and the spawning period lasted for more than 40 days. The nymphs hatched at the beginning of the red wax borer are poorly resistant to drugs, and after 2 years of age, their female adults are chemically resistant due to the thick wax coating of the insect body, and the chemical control is quite difficult. According to the morphological and structural characteristics of the red wax bug, the insect situation should be observed frequently from May to June, and the key period of nymph incubation should be seized for spray control. From late May to mid-June, when the nymphs are in full bloom and the upper shoots are in full bloom, the first dose should be sprayed in time, at which time the young shoots and new leaves can be observed to be covered with star-spotted nymphs. The nymphs hatch from late June to early July, and spray again at the end of the upper shoots. When spraying, it must be even and thoughtful, and the branches, foliage, leaf back, petiole, and fruit stem should be sprayed evenly to improve the control effect. Spray control can be selected from one of the following agents in production: 40% Lego Emulsion 500 to 1000 times liquid, synthetic laundry detergent 150 to 200 times liquid, Pine alkali mixture 20 to 30 times liquid, 25% quetiphos emulsion 600 to 800 times liquid, 50% borer thiophosphate (borer pine) emulsion 500 times liquid, 50% ethion emulsion 800 to 1000 times liquid, 25% iminothion emulsion 500 to 800 times liquid, 25% imino thiophos emulsion 500 to 800 times liquid, 25% to kill borer thiophosphate emulsion 500 times liquid, 25% ethyl thiophos emulsion 800 to 1000 times liquid Thiazidone (chlorphenirole) wettable powder 1000 ~ 1500 times liquid, 99% mineral luying 200 ~ 250 times liquid, 0.5% matrine 800 ~ 1000 times liquid, 30% sodium rosanate water emulsion 500 ~ 800 times liquid. (3) Improve the cultivation environment and protect and utilize natural enemies. The first is to enhance the tree potential and improve the insect resistance. In production, attention should be paid to strengthening fertilizer and water management, increasing the application of organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; at the same time, reasonable pruning, opening the "skylight", increasing the light in the canopy to enhance the tree potential and improve insect resistance. The second is to promote the cultivation of raw grass. Crops such as green manure are planted inside and outside citrus groves to achieve biodiversity and create a good environment for the survival and reproduction of natural predators. The third is to control the use of drugs in the later stage. The natural enemies of the red wax fly are jumping wasps, aphid wasps, golden wasps and other parasitic wasps. These parasitic wasps occur in large amounts in autumn, so they should not apply pesticides or less in autumn, pay attention to the selection of high-efficiency and low-toxicity insecticides, and reduce the number of sprays as much as possible to give full play to the role of natural enemies.