In 1934, under the wrong decisions of Li De, Bogu and others, the fifth "anti-encirclement and suppression" failed. Faced with the blockade of the Kuomintang reactionaries, the Central Red Army was forced to carry out a strategic shift and began the 25,000-mile long march that shocked China and foreign countries.
In the early stages of the Long March, the Red Army paid a huge price in order to break through the layers of blockade of the Kuomintang. In order to satisfy his political ambitions, Chiang Kai-shek was bound to suppress all the CCP forces and besiege and block the Long March at all costs.
Pictured| Chiang Kai-shek
In the Battle of the Xiangjiang River, the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army suffered a heavy price, suffered serious losses in troop strength, and sacrificed a large number of outstanding generals and soldiers, resulting in the situation of "not eating the fish of the Xiangjiang River for ten years"!
It was not until after the Zunyi Conference that the situation of the CCP began to gradually change, and the former committee centered on Mao Zedong gradually stepped onto the stage of history.
At this time, a very special person appeared in the Long March ranks, he was originally a Kuomintang lieutenant general, who was captured in battle and used by He Long, gave advice and suggestions for the cause of the Long March, solved many practical problems, and greatly promoted the overall process of the Long March.
After the long march team arrived in northern Shaanxi in victory, Chairman Mao and Zhou Enlai personally received the Kuomintang lieutenant general and sent him back to Chiang Kai-shek's ranks again.
Pictured| Zhou Enlai and Chairman Mao
First, the toiling people are one family
Zhang Zhenhan, born in 1898 in Liuxin Town, Tongshan County, Xuzhou Prefecture, Jiangsu Province, has been poor since childhood, not to mention reading and literacy, and even food and clothing are problems.
Zhang Zhenhan died when he was 3 years old, his mother was old and infirm, and he supported Zhang Zhenhan by washing the clothes of his neighbors and taking the soles of his shoes, and unlike many Kuomintang generals born into wealthy families, Zhang Zhenhan was the child of a poor family.
At the New Year, children from other families wore new clothes and hats, played games in groups of three or five, and Zhang Zhenhan wore torn clothes and rags, his hair was scattered, and he was hungry.
Later, the uncle of the clan told Zhang Zhenhan that the Baoding Army Officer School had books to read and eat, and did not charge tuition. As soon as Zhang Zhenhan heard this, his eyes instantly flashed.
Zhang Zhenhan, who had been bullied since childhood, thought that he could become a mighty general in the future, and immediately couldn't hold back, ignoring the obstruction of his old mother at home, and wholeheartedly joined the army.
Figure | Zhang Zhenhan's profile
Zhang Zhenhan's uncle was a small leader of the Beiyang warlords, and he mixed well in the army, but Zhang Zhenhan looked down on this uncle in his heart, he did not want to be a warlord who fished and meat people and levied tyrannically, he wanted to be a warrior who maintained justice and killed decisively.
In 1908, Zhang Zhenhan came to Baoding Military Academy to study, graduated from the artillery department of Baoding Military Academy in 1916, and became a company commander in 1924. After the outbreak of the Northern Expedition, Zhang Zhenhan joined the Northern Expeditionary Army.
In the following career, Zhang Zhenhan commanded well and performed heroically, and in 1931 he became the commander of the 41st Division of the Hubei Army and was awarded the rank of lieutenant general.
Ruins of baoding military academy
In 1930, the Xiang'e Western Soviet District of the Red Army was built by He Long. Zhang Zhenhan's immediate superior, Xu Yuanquan, was the "Commander of the Suppression of the Communists" appointed by Chiang Kai-shek in Exiangchuan, mainly responsible for suppressing the "Communist Bandits" in the red base areas in the western border areas of Xiang'e.
The 41st Division led by Zhang Zhenhan was well-equipped and well-trained, and became the ace army of the Kuomintang Tenth Army, and won many victories in subsequent battles. But Chairman Mao said: "All reactionaries are paper tigers," and no matter how well equipped the Kuomintang is, it cannot compete with the righteous people's teacher.
In 1935, He Long and Xiao Ke led their troops to besiege xuan'en county, and only one regiment of the 48th Division and one security regiment were stationed at Xuan'en. Zhang Zhenhan was ordered to go straight to Xuan'en under the command of Xu Yuanquan.
Pictured| Zhang Zhenhan
After receiving Xu Yuanquan's order, Zhang Zhenhan calmly analyzed the current situation, made pre-war arrangements, and sent his battle plan to Xu Yuanquan in the form of a telegram.
Unexpectedly, this set of secret telegrams was intercepted by the Red Army, and He Long immediately sent someone to decipher it. With the situation of grasping the dynamics of Zhang Zhenhan and Xu Yuanquan, He Long and Xiao Ke immediately made a decision, changed their tactics, and sent the main force to secretly dispatch at night to pretend to attack Xuan'en and set up an ambush to help.
On the morning of June 12, the Nationalist 41st Division sent two brigades as the vanguard to Xuan'en, followed by Zhang Zhenhan himself leading the division headquarters and a directly subordinate brigade.
On the morning of the 13th, the vanguard of the 41st Division entered the ambush circle of the Red Army, and the battle began in an instant. In an emergency, Zhang Zhenhan led the main army to the vicinity of Zhongbao, but found that the highlands around him were occupied by the Red Army, and the defeat had been achieved.
Pictured| Nationalist troops
The Red Second Army pursued Zhang Zhenhan's troops, the two armies encountered At Zhongbao, and Zhang Zhenhan's rearguard troops were destroyed. Under the multi-front operation, Zhang Zhenhan's troops were divided into three parts, unable to support each other or assault, and were eventually broken one by one.
Zhang Zhenhan, worried that he would not be able to answer to his superiors, intended to commit suicide, but fortunately was stopped by his chief of staff.
After the battle, Zhang Zhenhan, commander of the 41st Division of the Nationalist Tenth Army, was captured alive. After Zhang Zhenhan was captured, he caused a lot of commotion among the Red Army soldiers. Zhang Zhenhan fought here for many years, the 41st Division was well-equipped, killed a lot of Red Army soldiers, when Zhang Zhenhan was captured, the soldiers did not fight a single point, they all wanted to directly result in him.
Pictured| He Long and Zhang Zhenhan
Zhang Zhenhan was directly caught in front of He Long, who looked zhang Zhenhan up and down and said, "General Zhang, I am the 'He bandit' you said, don't you want to capture me alive?" ”
Zhang Zhenhan didn't say a word after hearing this, but just stared at He Long indignantly, and He Long waved a big hand, letting people take Zhang Zhenhan down and said: "This person does not kill, first treat him!" ”
If it were the front committee before the Zunyi meeting, Zhang Zhenhan would have been killed long ago. But the Front Committee of the Red Army at this time was completely different from before. He Long and Xiao Ke held an emergency meeting to discuss how to deal with Zhang Zhenhan.
Pictured| Shaw
In the end, under the unanimous decision of He Long, Ren Bishi and Xiao Ke, zhang Zhenhan should not be killed, but also Zhang Zhenhan should be healed.
In the previous battle, Zhang Zhenhan was wounded in the head, He Long sent people to heal his wounds, and the Soldiers of the Red Army ate coarse grain pickles, but opened a small stove for Zhang Zhenhan to eat fine grains. Under the meticulous care of the Red Army, in less than a week, Zhang Zhenhan's injuries improved a lot. During this period, He Long visited Zhang Zhenhan many times and had a conversation with Zhang Zhenhan.
It is said that "when enemies meet, they are extremely red-eyed", but He Long and others did not feel this way when they saw Zhang Zhenhan, and the CCP was always targeting a class, not a certain person.
He Long said to Zhang Zhenhan in the conversation: "General Zhang, we are old rivals and old friends. After playing for so many years, I can't imagine that I can meet together now, and I can't think of it as not fighting or not knowing each other. ”
Zhang Zhenhan looked at He Long with a suspicious face, as early as when he was captured by the Red Army before, Zhang Zhenhan was ready to be executed. Unexpectedly, this group of Red Army not only did not hurt themselves, but also healed themselves, and Zhang Zhenhan was somewhat confused about the intentions of this group of Red Army.
"I, Xu Xiangqian, Zhu De, and Ye Jianying, we all worked in the old troops, and I know that there are also many decent soldiers in the Kuomintang army, but they just take a different path." He Long continued.
After Zhang Zhenhan listened, he plucked up the courage to promise that he would never serve in the army after he returned to reunite with his family, but He Long smiled and shook his head after listening to it.
"We can let you go back, but if you lose soldiers, will Chiang Kai-shek let you go?" Zhang Zhenhan also fell into contemplation after listening to He Long's words.
He Long was right, Jiang Zhongzheng had always relied heavily on his concubines, he was not his concubines, and this time he had suffered such a big defeat, even if he went back, he would not have his own good fruit to eat.
He Long then persuaded Zhang Zhenhan, hoping that Zhang Zhenhan could stay in the Red Army and contribute his strength, Zhang Zhenhan weighed it up again and again and agreed to He Long's persuasion.
Pictured| Long March team
Second, the soldiers of the Red Army build an adult ladder and fight with their lives
Zhang Zhenhan's toiling mass background is essentially no different from other people in the Red Army team, and it is precisely because of Zhang Zhenhan's origin that he can successfully integrate into the red army.
As an officer graduated from the Baoding Military Academy, Zhang Zhenhan's military knowledge and command skills were still quite good, and the first task He Long gave zhang Zhenhan was to ask Zhang Zhenhan to teach lessons to the soldiers of the Red Army.
He Long, Ren Bishi, Xiao Ke, and others took turns to carry out ideological education for Zhang Zhenhan, hoping to change Zhang Zhenhan in essence, and patiently educated Zhang Zhenhan.
Figure | Ren Bishi
On the other hand, Zhang Zhenhan also contributed his own military knowledge. The Red Second and Sixth Armies jointly established a Red Army school, and even on the Long March, they must pay close attention to the education and training of soldiers.
He Long arranged for Zhang Zhenhan to go to the Red Army School as a tactical instructor in the senior class. On the first day of class, Zhang Zhenhan walked into the classroom alone and stood on the podium.
The Red Army cadets sitting at the bottom actually let this "prisoner" teach themselves a lesson, and in an instant, they exploded the pot, and many hot-tempered cadets turned their heads and left the classroom to find Xiao Ke's theory.
After listening to the complaints of the crowd, Xiao Ke sent the students back to the classroom and then personally came to the Red Army School.
Pictured| Shaw and his comrades-in-arms
As soon as Xiao Ke arrived at the school, he gathered all the students and then called out the crowd of several students who had just "filed a complaint".
Shaw asked loudly, "I ask you, how do mortars shoot to hit a target?" ”
The trainees who were called out looked at each other and were dumbfounded.
Xiao Ke asked again, "What is range?" ”
As a result, the students were still dumbfounded, and no one answered.
Xiao Ke swept through the crowd with a sharp gaze, turned around and politely asked Zhang Zhenhan to answer, and Zhang Zhenhan answered Xiao Ke's question in a full breath.
Those trainees who were not convinced by Zhang Zhenhan were also silent at this time, in the ranks of the Red Army, they did not look at their origins or looks, and whoever had the ability to speak!
Pictured| Red Army soldiers
After Xiao Ke's move, no more students made trouble in Zhang Zhenhan's class. In order to give Zhang Zhenhan a stand, Xiao Ke, Wang Zhen and other senior generals also personally went to listen to Zhang Zhenhan's lectures.
Zhang Zhenhan was deeply moved when he saw in class that senior red army generals had also come to listen to his own lessons, which was impossible for the nationalist army to happen.
Remembering what he had done to the Red Army in the past, Zhang Zhenhan felt ashamed, thinking that he would do his best to contribute to the Red Army, and also shared all the military knowledge and combat experience he had learned with everyone in the classroom.
Zhang Zhenhan's lectures were objective and fair, and he also used the actual examples of the operations of the Kuomintang and the Communists to give everyone an analogy, so that the cadets could integrate and understand in actual operations, and over time, Zhang Zhenhan became one of the high-level teachers in the Red Army school.
The | artillery unit
When the Red Army attacked Longshan County, the Kuomintang set up two pillboxes at the pass, and the fire of these two bunkers was extremely fierce, and the Red Army troops could not come forward for a long time.
He Long immediately summoned Zhang Zhenhan and asked Zhang Zhenhan if he could destroy the two bunkers.
After listening, Zhang Zhenhan leaned down and thumbed up to measure the distance and angle, and after adjusting the gun position, the two shells were fired at the same time. After two loud noises, the two bunkers were blown to pieces, and the dense machine gun sound suddenly stopped, and He Long happily gave Zhang Zhenhan a thumbs up.
Pictured| He Long during the Red Army period
Zhang Zhenhan not only actively taught the trainees, but also told He Long what he knew about the deployment of the Kuomintang's troops in the north. After obtaining Zhang Zhenhan's first-hand intelligence, the Red Army headquarters made the decision to go south to Xiangzhong and made the correct decision for the victory of the Red Army's Long March.
In 1936, when the Red Army arrived at the banks of the Jinsha River, the Kuomintang had already taken away the boats on the river, the water on the river was turbulent, the undercurrent was surging under the river, and the roaring river water was like a tiger descending the mountain to stop the Red Army's advance.
Picture | oil painting of the Jinsha River with turbulent water
He Long once again called Zhang Zhenhan and asked Zhang Zhenhan what good advice he had. Zhang Zhenhan looked around, found the dense bamboo forest on the mountain, and put forward the suggestion of "crossing the river in a bamboo row".
He Long took Zhang Zhenhan's advice and divided the troops into two parts, one cutting bamboo and tying bamboo rows, and the other along the river in search of boats, and finally the Red Army successfully crossed the Jinsha River.
Picture | Qiao crossed the Jinsha River
Zhang Zhenhan made meritorious contributions twice, gave him the treatment of legion-level cadres in the organization, and equipped Zhang Zhenhan with guards and gave him a mule as a mount. In this way, Zhang Zhenhan happily rode on the mule, but he did not expect that when he crossed the snowy mountain, the mule slipped on one foot, and Zhang Zhenhan was thrown to the bottom of the valley.
Without saying a word, the soldiers of the Red Army set up a ladder, one after another, and pulled Zhang Zhenhan up hard. After coming up, Zhang Zhenhan's leg was fractured, the blood was direct, and he could not walk at all, so the soldiers carried Zhang Zhenhan on a stretcher, and Sheng Sheng carried Zhang Zhenhan out of the snowy mountain.
Pictured| the Red Army crossing a snowy mountain
In order to carry Zhang Zhenhan out of the snowy mountain, several Red Army soldiers fell on the snowy mountain and never got up again.
Zhang Zhenhan in his later years recalled this experience, and the old man said tearfully: "When crossing the snowy mountain, several soldiers sacrificed themselves to carry me. I was once their enemy, killing their brothers, but they took their lives to save me, and this kindness will never be forgotten! ”
When crossing the meadow, grain was more precious than gold, and the Red Army soldiers who were with Zhang Zhenhan preferred to starve themselves and give Zhang Zhenhan the remaining bit of dry food or weeds to Eat, zhang Zhenhan was deeply moved, and decided to make contributions to the Red Army to the best of his ability.
Picture | the Red Army crossing the meadow
The leaders of the Red Army passed on the news of Zhang Zhenhan's presence in the Ranks of the Red Army to Zhang Zhenhan's wife, Deng Juexian. Deng Jue was an authentic Changsha sister from The Xiang mendi and had a deep affection for Zhang Zhenhan (kàng lì). When Zhang Zhenhan's life and death were uncertain, many officers in the Kuomintang found Deng Juexian and hoped that Deng Juexian would remarry.
Deng Juexian's appearance and temperament are enough to shock the whole Shanghai Beach, the temperament is gentle and beautiful, the figure is graceful, young and beautiful. Many officers of the Kuomintang were devoted to Deng Juexian, but Deng Juexian took a fancy to Zhang Zhenhan, a "poor boy."
Picture | Deng Juexian and Zhang Zhenhan
Xiangnu was amorous, and after Zhang Zhenhan's whereabouts were unknown, Deng Jue first thought about it day and night, and was ecstatic after receiving the news of Zhang Zhenhan. In order to reassure his wife, Zhang Zhenhan wrote a letter of safety and sent it back, in which Zhang Zhenhan mentioned his touching experience in the ranks of the Red Army, and the lack of materials and food in the Red Army also told Deng Juexian one by one.
After Reading the letter, Deng Jue immediately decided to sell all the valuable things in his home, and relying on his network of contacts, asked the Kuomintang politicians from all walks of life to help buy medicines, telescopes, compasses, and other military supplies.
After the materials were raised, how to transport these things to the Red Army became a big problem. Deng Jue thought about it again and again, thinking of the Hunan warlord He Jian (jiàn), and Chiang Kai-shek sent He Jian to encircle and suppress the Red Army base area, then He Jian must have known the whereabouts of He Long and others.
Figure | What key
When all was said and done, Deng Jue first entrusted the relationship, obtained intelligence from He Jian's men, grasped the dynamics of the Red Army, and hired a group of "dead soldiers" at a high price to transport the materials to the Red Army in batches.
Bo Fuli, an English missionary who followed the Red Army's Long March, was once detained by the Red Army, and Bo Fuli wrote a letter asking the church's people to send supplies to redeem himself. When he saw so many supplies, Bo Fuli still thought that the church had sent them, and Wu Defeng, director of the Red Sixth Army Security Bureau, said to him: "These things were sent by Zhang Zhenhan's family, and she is ready to send more things!" ”
The main purpose of this record of Bo Fuli is not to record the righteous deeds of Deng Juexian and Zhang Zhenhan, but from another point of view, it proves that the materials that Deng Juexian sold his property to raise for the Red Army were indeed sent to the Red Army.
Figure | Bo Fu Li
During the Long March, Bo Fuli and Zhang Zhenhan also had some contact, and Bo Fuli and Zhang Zhenhan discussed the issue of freedom of belief, and Zhang Zhenhan made it clear that he was an atheist and only believed in the truth.
Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou are also staunch materialists!
Pictured | Premier Zhou
The soldiers of the Red Army released their previous suspicions against Zhang Zhenhan and treated him like a brother, and Zhang Zhenhan was deeply shocked in his heart. During the Long March, Zhang Zhenhan and the soldiers fought side by side to overcome difficulties together, and had long become good brothers in life and death.
Probably Zhang Zhenhan himself did not find out, subtly, Zhang Zhenhan's heart has been closely related to the CCP.
Xiao Ke later said to Zhang Zhenhan's son Zhang Tianyou:
"The transformation of his (Zhang Zhenhan's) worldview was accomplished in the struggle between blood and fire in the Long March."
Zhang Zhenhan became a very special presence in the Long March, as a prisoner, but enjoyed the treatment of a commander, saying that it was the Red Army, but it was not actually the Red Army. But Zhang Zhenhan knew in his heart which direction his heart was going.
Tu | zhang Zhenhan, the only Kuomintang general who completed the entire Long March
In October 1936, Zhang Zhenhan and the Red Army soldiers celebrated this hard-won joy together with the three main Red Army victory divisions, and he became the only senior Kuomintang general in the Long March to follow the Red Army through the whole journey.
After coming to Yan'an, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai personally received Zhang Zhenhan, which made Zhang Zhenhan very flattered, and he did not expect that as a Kuomintang officer, he could be personally received by the LEADERS of the Chinese Communists.
Pictured| Mao Zedong in Yan'an
Third, break into chiang kai-shek's army again
After the victory of the Long March, Zhang Zhenhan stayed in Yan'an, and Zhou Enlai also specially said to Zhang Zhenhan that if it was possible, he would take his wife over, and Zhang Zhenhan expressed his full gratitude.
During these days in Yan'an, Zhang Zhenhan established a deep friendship with Wu Defeng, Wang Weizhou, Li Liuru, He Long and other senior CCP cadres, and while recuperating his body, he stayed in the Red Army University to continue to be a teacher.
Pictured| China Anti-Japanese Military and Political University
Zhang Zhenhan was treated specially in the Red Army at that time, and there were silver dollars to take every month, and after getting the money, Zhang Zhenhan did not keep it for himself, called his good friends in the Red Army, and several people went out to eat a good meal together.
After learning the news that Zhang Zhenhan was in Yan'an, Deng Juexian dressed up as a peasant woman, went straight from Hankou to Xi'an, spent money to unblock the northwestern officers, and smoothly came to the northwest military defense area, where he was successfully reunited with Zhang Zhenhan.
The couple lived in Yan'an and became a special pair of people in Yan'an.
Pictured| Zhang Zhenhan's family
After the Xi'an Incident, Chiang Kai-shek agreed to cooperate between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and the situation of the CPC was much clearer. Chairman Mao found Zhang Zhenhan and hoped that Zhang Zhenhan could return to the Kuomintang area again, infiltrate into Chiang Kai-shek's army, and engage in front-line work in the anti-Japanese rescue.
Zhang Zhenhan gladly agreed and returned to Hankou via Xi'an. Chiang Kai-shek ordered Zhang Zhenhan to be arrested as soon as he appeared.
After Xu Yuanquan captured Zhang Zhenhan, He Chengjun (jùn) put Zhang Zhenhan under house arrest. This He Chengjun and Zhang Zhenhan had a good personal relationship, and told Deng Juexian the news of Zhang Zhenhan's capture, and Deng Juexian immediately used his personal connections to obtain a letter of guarantee from more than 20 Kuomintang military and political leaders.
Figure | He Chengjun
He Chengjun sent a message to Chiang Kai-shek, and Zhang Zhenhan hoped to lead the army to resist Japan and atone for his sins. After reading the letter, Chiang Kai-shek exonerated Zhang Zhenhan from the death penalty, but did not allow him to serve as an important military and political official of the Kuomintang.
Picture | the great leader Chairman Mao
After Zhang Zhenhan came out, he decided to go into business and wanted to complete the tasks assigned by Chairman Mao in this way. Zhang Zhenhan once again entered the circle of Kuomintang military and political leaders as a businessman. The money earned from doing business has all funded Yan'an and made great contributions to the construction of Yan'an.
In order to better carry out the anti-Japanese work, Zhang Zhenhan took the title of lieutenant general Gao Shen, and using this title, Zhang Zhenhan engaged in anti-Japanese work in the Kuomintang area and other places, and made great contributions to the rescue of anti-Japanese soldiers and the anti-Japanese support work.
The | an oil painting of the surrender of Japan
In August 1945, japan surrendered unconditionally, zhang Zhenhan and his wife and children rented a small building in the French Concession of Shanghai, while doing business, they devoted themselves to anti-Chiang Kai-shek and counter-revolutionary work, and also made contributions to the subsequent liberation war.
In 1949, Zhang Zhenhan joined the Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee and participated in the Hunan Uprising, and after the liberation of Changsha, Zhang Zhenhan served as the vice mayor of Changsha, devoted himself to the reconstruction of Changsha after the war, and once again dedicated himself to the construction of new China.
On May 26, 1967, Zhang Zhenhan died at the age of 69.
I would like to give this document to General Zhang Zhenhan, this prosperous world, as you wish!