"Shuowen Jiezi" said: "Summer, heat also." "In ancient times, the summer was divided into three seasons: one waited for the rotten grass to be a firefly; the second waited for the soil to moisten the heat; and the third waited for heavy rain. Among the facts described by Sanhou, the most impressive thing is "hot". There is a folk proverb with clouds: "The summer is not hot, but the summer is in the sky." "Cold in three nine, hot in the middle." The summer is undoubtedly the hottest season of the year, and its extreme heat is unbearable, whether ancient or modern, it is feared by people.
The poet Du Fu, who had been uprooted all his life and had a high tolerance for suffering, could not stand it in the summer season, directly called the summer "poisonous fever", and wrote a poem "Poisonous Fever Sent to Jian Cui's SixteenThirties": "There are collapsed wings under the forest, and there are no boats in the water." Thousands of rooms but sweeping the floor, closed personnel rest. The old man turned unhappy, and the trip was also Prozac. Vipers are twilight, empty beds are difficult to cast..." The poisonous hot weather coupled with being on the road, whether it is the environment or the mood of the people, is boring and spiritless. Even at night, the heat is still unabated, so that people "smoke and evil candles", because the poisonous heat is unbearable and even hates the candlelight used for lighting. In order to cool down, the poet has completely disregarded the image of the dress, and has to "open his eyes to his brother and show his white head with heat."
Like Du Fu, most poets rarely enjoy the beauty of the moment during the summer season, and are replaced by restless emotions. The poet Su Shunqin of the early Song Dynasty wrote about the bad feelings and mood of the summer season in the poem "Summer Fever DayTime Sleep Feelings": "The summer is closed during the day, and the road is full of evil grass. Birds are noisy, and snakes are seen snaking. The sweltering heat and heat of the summer day made the poet not think about tea and dinner, sleep restlessly, even the wine was not in the mood to drink, what he saw and heard was boring: the grass became a bad grass, the birds became noise, the snake crawled around, the book was stupid, the wine was turbid wine, there were no friends to laugh about, there were only annoying children around, bored all day, the day bed, the pillow on the bed was warm, there was no wind in the window, and the scorching sun was everywhere. The poet is going crazy.
In the face of the sweltering heat, the ancients have thought of escaping the heat. The Tang Dynasty poet Yuan Jie took refuge from the summer and liked to ascend to the wind. The first four sentences of his poem "Dengshu Pavilion" are cloudy: "When the season is hot, try to come to Dengshu Pavilion." With Xuan Xuan not resting, suddenly like autumn angry. "There is a cool breeze on the pavilion floor, which is a good place for the ancients to escape the summer; if you can meet one or two friends again, go upstairs and drink, talk and laugh, it will be even better." Therefore, Yuan Jie continued to write: "The master is idle, and he has wine to pour with me." There is no difference in sitting, and it is better to hate drunkenness and wakeness. The Northern Song Dynasty writer Zhang Qian closed his door on a hot summer day and climbed up to the attic to cool off. He wrote in the poem "HeChaoying's Great Summer Book": "Pengmen has been closed for a long time to thank the car, and it is especially small and vain to be afraid of the summer. In addition, Zhang Qian's method of selling the summer is to visit the cool temple with friends, drink and brag together: "Sideburns are always white and difficult to laugh, and the temple is idle and swimming." I was only afraid of praising the amount of wine in front of the bottle, and I waved a hundred lights without saying a word. ”
Zheng Gangzhong, a famous minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, liked to sell the summer in the way of drinking alone under the bamboo: "The new bamboo day is dense, and the bamboo leaves are multiplied." The jagged four windows, the small and the big are all bright. Long Xia Fang was full of energy and was about to burn the mountain fan. Leisurely this gentleman, not allowed to go to it. "On a hot summer day, drink in a large bowl under the shade of bamboo, fall asleep when drunk, and find a cool world in your dreams." Chen Tianrui of the Song Dynasty had the best way of selling summer: "Pavilion pine fence edge, small pond open Han Bao." Fenqing mud pollutes itself, and the roots are shaken in vain. All day long, in the middle of it, there is a hundred feelings of silence. "The pine tree pavilion is like a cover, the small pond is full of lotus flowers, the fragrance is gushing, the poet lies under the pine shade, enjoying the flowers and chanting poems, and the summer naturally subsides by more than half."
Unlike the above poets who asked for ways to relieve the heat outside the body, Bai Juyi seemed to be more concerned about asking for the "heart law" from the heart. He wrote in the poem "Selling Summer": "Why do you put away the heat and live in a courtyard?" There is nothing long in front of you, and there is a breeze under the window. Heat dissipation is composed of the mind, and cool life is the empty room. At this time, it is difficult to be more self-sufficient, and it is difficult to be more in tune with others. The so-called "calm and natural coolness of the heart", Bai Juyi's "heart method" of selling summer is to sit upright and empty, so that the mind is calm and self-satisfied, that is, the breeze comes from itself, and the heat dissipates and is cool.
Whether it is to seek the method of summer escape from the outside or the way of meditation from the inside, the heat of the summer is still annoying and uncomfortable; no matter how to escape, it can only temporarily reduce some of the heat. The sweltering heat of the summer eventually subsided to the change of festivals. Therefore, what poets look forward to most at this time is that autumn will come early, and then it will be good to go upstairs to write poetry and show their style. Think of the Northern Song Dynasty writer Huang Tingjian's "When to wash the autumn air heat, scatter the frost sky and fall leaves", Zhang Qian's "Endure the west wind and a depression, how does the perch mean", Xiao Ser's autumn wind has become the poet's most anticipated "angel" in the summer day; the rioters who are accustomed to sad autumn feel more and more amiable and lovely at this time.
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