Ban Biao proposed to answer the Northern Xiongnu edict

At the beginning of the Guangwu Dynasty, the Xiongnu repeatedly plundered the north, and the imperial court suffered from it. In the 24th year of Jianwu (48 AD), the Xiongnu were in civil strife and split into two parts, the north and the south. The Southern Xiongnu moved south to the Shun Han Dynasty. In 27 years, the Northern Xiongnu feared a crusade and sent envoys to Wuwei to seek peace and affection, but Han did not allow it. In 28 years, he sent envoys to the imperial court, paid tribute to horses and leather, begged for peace, and asked for musical instruments, and asked to lead the countries of the Western Regions to pay tribute and see each other. Emperor Guangwu ordered the three governments to discuss the matter of remuneration. Shi Banbiao served as Situ Tuan in the Three Provinces, and he believed that the Xiongnu were a great power, changeable and deceitful, and the handover and response should be strategic. Neither does it help the south single to cut the north single yu, nor should it cut off the north single yu. It is believed that a slight reward can be added, which is roughly equivalent to the tribute property. In the reply letter, he gave a clear warning, citing examples from previous lives of Calling Han Evil and Zhi Zhi as a warning. Ban Biao wrote a reply letter, that is, this "Proposed Answer to the Northern Xiongnu Edict". Although the text is not long, it is well-written and has the style of a big country. In particular, the matter of calling on Han evil and Zhi Zhi was similar to the situation in the North and South at that time, which was very convincing and deterrent.

Shan (chán) does not forget Han En, remembers the ancestors of the Old Testament, and wants to cultivate peace and relatives to supplement the country. The plan is very high, for Shan Yu Jiazhi!

1. Shan Yu: the title of the supreme leader of the Xiongnu; 2. Heqin: refers to the reconciliation and goodwill between the two countries, and also refers to the marriage between the Han Dynasty and the leaders of ethnic minorities with certain political purposes.

In the past, the Xiongnu number was in disarray, and the Huhan evil (hū hán yé) and The Zhi zhi were enmous to each other, and were rescued by Emperor Xiaoxuan, so they sent their attendants and called themselves The Domain Baosai.

1. Hu Han Evil: Named Hou Hou Hunting (shān). Emperor Xuan of Han established Shan Yu in the fourth year (58 BC). Later, after the defeat of his brother Zhi Zhidan, he was annexed to the Western Han Dynasty in the second year of Emperor Xuan's reign (52 BC), and the following year he led his troops to move south to Han Guanglu Saixia (southwest of present-day Guyang County, Inner Mongolia). Emperor Yuan of Han married him zhaojun, the palace lady of the palace. With the support of the Western Han Dynasty, he restored his rule over the whole territory of the Xiongnu, and since the Huhan evil annexed the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu maintained friendly relations with the Han Dynasty for 60 or 70 years; 2. Zhizhi: The name of Hu Tuwusi. In the second year of the reign of Emperor Wufeng of Han (56 BC), he established himself as Shan Yu, and because he resented Han for sheltering Han evil, he killed Han envoys and led his troops west. ConquerEd by wujie, Jiankun, and Dingzhi, and allied with Kangju, threatening Han rule in the western regions. In the third year of Emperor Jianzhao of the Yuan Dynasty (36 BC), he was attacked and killed by Chen Tang, the vice-lieutenant of the Western Han Dynasty; 3. Emperor Xiaoxuan: that is, Liu Qing, the Emperor Xuan of the Western Han Dynasty, the tenth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, reigned from 74 BC to 49 BC; 4. Shizi: The prince or the king of the vassal state sent his son to serve the Title of Heavenly Son; 5. Fan: FanGuo, the ancient name of the surrounding countries that submitted to the state of Pan.

Later, fèn lì (郅支忿戾) (fèn lì), who cut himself off from Emperor Ze, and Hu Han was attached to his relatives, Zhongxiao Mi. and the Han Dynasty destroyed the Zhi Branch, and the heirs of the Baoguo were passed on, and the descendants were successive. Now Nandan Yu took the crowd to the south, and the money was returned.

1. Nandan Yu: In the 24th year of Guangwu Jianwu (48 AD), the Xiongnu were divided within the Xiongnu, and the Japanese king bi established himself, called Shan Yu, who led his troops south to annex the Han Dynasty, and tunju Shuofang, Wuyuan, Yunzhong (in present-day Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region) and other counties, known as the "Southern Xiongnu". The ratio of shan yu is "south single yu". The various ministries under the command of Pu Nu continued to stay in the north of the desert, controlled the countries of the western region, and confronted the Eastern Han court and the Southern Xiongnu, known as the "Northern Xiongnu"; 2.

Thinking that Hu Han (dí) was the chief and the second was in power, and the usurpation was dereliction of duty, suspicion was contrary, and several soldiers were invited to return to the Northern Court. The schemes are varied and all-encompassing. However, nian Si's words should not be heard alone, and he also contributed to Beidan Yu nian, and wanted to cultivate peace and kiss, so he refused and did not allow it, and would be in the righteousness of loyalty and filial piety.

1. The second sentence of "self-righteousness": Nandan Yubi is the grandson of Hu Han Evil Shan Yu, and Wu zhuliu is the eldest son of Ruo Yan Shan Yu. After the evil of Hu Han, the sons were subordinate, that is, brothers and brothers. When Bi Ji's father was alone in public opinion, he took Bi ji as the right day to chase the king. Shan Yu's younger brother Yi Tu Zhiyashi (伊屠知雅師) was the second king of Zuo Xian, and the king of Zuo Xian was Shan Yu 's vice-chancellor, and Shan Yu wanted to pass on his own son, so he killed Zhi Yashi. When he saw that zhiyashi was killed, he complained that if the brothers were inherited, the zhiyashi should succeed him; and in other words, he was the first son of the former single and the firstborn, and he should be the successor. After the death of Hou Shan Yu, his son Wu Da Lu Hou Li, after his death, his brother Pu Nu Li became Shan Yu. Bi Bul li, then rebelled and established itself, and submitted to the Han Dynasty, which was for the Southern Xiongnu; 2, The Northern Court: referring to the Northern Xiongnu; 3, Bi Nian: Lian Nian.

Han Bing's prestige, the total rate of all countries. The sun and the moon are all concubines, special and barbaric, and there is no relative. Those who obey are rewarded, and those who rebel are punished. The effect of good and evil is also that of Hu Han and Zhi Zhi.

1. Concubines: the title of slaves in ancient times, male subjects, female concubines, and later also refers to the people and vassals served by the rulers; 2. Bai man: the ancient collective name for ethnic minorities; 3, Pan rebellion: that is, rebellion; Pan: "rebellion".

Now that Shan Yu wants to cultivate peace and affinity, and has already reached the level of sincerity, why should he want to lead the countries of the Western Regions to come and offer them? The Western Regions belonged to the Xiongnu, how is it different from the Han Dynasty? If only a few companies were in turmoil, domestic waste, and tributes were cut in order to be gifted, why sacrifice horses? Present-day (jī) miscellaneous (zēng) five hundred pitian, bow 鞬鞬 (jiàn dú) maruichi, Yasifa, and wèi (wèi) Shan Yu.

1, sincere intentions: 2, suspicion: suspicion; 3, cut: estimation; 4, 赍: to give people in kind; 缯: the general name of ancient silk fabrics; 5, whip: immediately hold the bow; 韇丸: arrow barrel; 6, hair: four arrows for one shot; 7, bequest: gift.

He also gave the horse Zuo Bone Du Hou and the Right Gu Li (lù lí) King Miscellaneous 400 horses each, and one sword each. In the preface of the previous emperor, the Evil Emperor, Ser, and Konghou were all defeated, and they were willing to be restored. Nian Shan Yu guo has not yet been safe, Fang Li Wu Festival, to the battle of the attack as a business, the use of the sword, is not as good as a good bow and sword, so it is not used for bribes. I don't love small things in shan Yu, cheap and wanted, and sent to smell.

1. Marquis of Zuokudu: The official name of the Xiongnu, held by a nobleman with a different surname, is under the King of Guli, and is an auxiliary official of Shan Yu; 2, the King of Right Gu Li: the official name of the Xiongnu, The name of the Xiongnu official, The name of the Xiongnu official, the name of the Xiongnu, the name of the Left and Right, under the King of Tuqi, who manages the military and administration, and is served by Shan Yu's sons; 3, the sword of the horse: a weapon of the Han Dynasty, cast by the Shang Fang Ling, and its sharpness can be cut off; 4, The name of the gong, the ser, and the empty hou: all the names of musical instruments; the name of the ancient instrument, that is, the fence; 5, the discretionary gift: the discretionary gift.

full text:

In the past, the Xiongnu number was in disarray, and the Huhan evil (hū hán yé) and The Zhi zhi were enmous to each other, and were rescued by Emperor Xiaoxuan, so they sent their attendants and called themselves The Domain Baosai. Later, fèn lì (郅支忿戾) (fèn lì), who cut himself off from Emperor Ze, and Hu Han was attached to his relatives, Zhongxiao Mi. and the Han Dynasty destroyed the Zhi Branch, and the heirs of the Baoguo were passed on, and the descendants were successive. Now Nandan Yu took the crowd to the south, and the money was returned. Thinking that Hu Han (dí) was the chief and the second was in power, and the usurpation was dereliction of duty, suspicion was contrary, and several soldiers were invited to return to the Northern Court. The schemes are varied and all-encompassing. However, nian Si's words should not be heard alone, and he also contributed to Beidan Yu nian, and wanted to cultivate peace and kiss, so he refused and did not allow it, and would be in the righteousness of loyalty and filial piety. Han Bing's prestige, the total rate of all countries. The sun and the moon are all concubines, special and barbaric, and there is no relative. Those who obey are rewarded, and those who rebel are punished. The effect of good and evil is also that of Hu Han and Zhi Zhi.

Now that Shan Yu wants to cultivate peace and affinity, and has already reached the level of sincerity, why should he want to lead the countries of the Western Regions to come and offer them? The Western Regions belonged to the Xiongnu, how is it different from the Han Dynasty? If only a few companies were in turmoil, domestic waste, and tributes were cut in order to be gifted, why sacrifice horses? Present-day (jī) miscellaneous (zēng) five hundred pitian, bow 鞬鞬 (jiàn dú) maruichi, Yasifa, and wèi (wèi) Shan Yu. He also gave the horse Zuo Bone Du Hou and the Right Gu Li (lù lí) King Miscellaneous 400 horses each, and one sword each. In the preface of the previous emperor, the Evil Emperor, Ser, and Konghou were all defeated, and they were willing to be restored. Nian Shan Yu guo has not yet been safe, Fang Li Wu Festival, to the battle of the attack as a business, the use of the sword, is not as good as a good bow and sword, so it is not used for bribes. I don't love small things in shan Yu, cheap and wanted, and sent to smell.

Shan Yu did not forget the grace of the Han Dynasty, remembered the old covenant of the ancestors and the Han, and wanted to be in harmony with the Han in order to protect the country. This plan is very clever, really happy for Shan Yu!

At the beginning, the Xiongnu repeatedly had civil strife, and the Evil Han and Zhi Zhi were enemies of each other, and both of them were rescued by Emperor Xiaoxuan, so they each sent their attendants into the dynasty, claiming that the vassal state was a Han conservative border plug. Later, Zhi Zhi was resentful and obedient, and cut himself off from the royal favor, while Hu Han was close to the Han court, and his loyalty and filial piety were even more prominent. By the time the Han Dynasty swept away Zhi Zhi Shan Yu, the Han evil was able to protect the country and pass on the heirs, and the descendants successively had a country. Now Nan Danyu led the people to move south, knocking on the door and returning to the Han court. Believing that he was the eldest grandson of Hu Han evil, he should be established as Shan Yu in the order, but he was robbed of his power and lost his power, and he was suspicious and betrayed, so he repeatedly asked the Han Dynasty to send troops to return to sweep away the Northern Xiongnu. The DPRK and China have a variety of strategies and strategies, and they have done everything. Considering that it is not possible to listen to one side of the story, and because Beidan paid tribute for many years and intended to be close to Han, he refused the Southern Xiongnu and did not grant his request, which will be used to fulfill Beidan Yu's loyal and filial piety. The Han Dynasty upheld its prestige, and the president of all nations, where the sun and the moon illuminated, were all subordinates of the Han Dynasty. For many barbarian countries with different customs, they are estranged from each other. Those who obey are rewarded, and those who rebel are punished. The consequences of good and evil, Hu Han and Zhi Zhi are examples.

Now that Beidan Yu wanted to cultivate peace and relatives, and his sincerity had been expressed, why should he be suspicious and lead the countries of the Western Regions to come together to pay tribute and see him? What is the difference between the Western Regions, which belonged to the Xiongnu, and the Han Dynasty? If we are constantly subjected to wars and wars, and the domestic goods are consumed in vain, it is enough to consider the tribute for the gift, so why sacrifice horses and leather clothes? Now send a mixture of 500 horses, a bow, a martingale pill, four arrows, and send an emissary to give shan Yu. He also gave the left bone duhou and the right valley li king a mixture of 400 horses each, and a sword for the horse. Shan Yu once said that the Qi, Ser, and Konghou that were given to Hu Han during the time of the former emperor had all been destroyed, and hoped that the Han court would reward them again. I think that the country alone is not yet stable, just committed to the use of force, to attack the war as a top priority, the use of the sword, is not as good as a good bow and sword, so I did not give it. I don't hesitate to spare little things, and if I want something suitable, I can send an emissary to tell you.