When reading the history books of the Spring and Autumn Period such as "Spring and Autumn", "Zuo Zhuan", "Ram Biography" and so on, it can be found that in the Spring and Autumn Period, there is a phenomenon worth pondering - the word "father" is widely used in the names of Duyi, such as "Yellow Father", "Yicheng Father", "Wu Father", "Chicken Father" and so on.
Moreover, such a situation exists in all countries in the Spring and Autumn Period, and it is not a special "national condition" of a certain country.
Why are most of the capitals in the Spring and Autumn Period named "Father"? This article will analyze the reasons for the formation of this special phenomenon and its deep meaning in this special period in light of the corresponding historical materials.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="3" >, spring and autumn capital named "father"</h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="5" >1, the capital of the Lu kingdom with the name "father"</h1>
According to a passage in the Spring and Autumn Chronicle in the fourteenth year of Lu Dinggong: "Father Ju and Xiao were built. In this incident, Du Xuan noted in the later text: "Lu Gong betrayed the Jin state to help the Fan clan, so he built Eryi because he was afraid of the Jin people. In this way, it can be learned that "Ju Father" is a capital of the Lu kingdom.
Gu Donggao of the Qing Dynasty believed in his book that the "father" of "Ju Father" was caused by the dialect of Ludi, such as the "Denglai" of the State of Qi, which was actually what the Qi people called "Gaining", which was a misunderstanding caused by the difference in dialects between Qilu and Lu. However, in fact, the Spring and Autumn Capital, named "Father", not only existed in the Lu state, but also a common phenomenon.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="7" >2, Zheng and Wei in the kingdom of Duyi with the name "father"</h1>
In the Spring and Autumn Chronicle of the Twelfth Year of Duke Huan, there is a record that reads: "Duke Huan of Lu met with Zheng Bo and formed an alliance with Father Wu. Du Xian commented later: "In Zhengdi, in the northeast of Chenliu Jiyang County, there is Wufu City. "There is also a record in the "Water Classic" that Jiyang County was once the city of Wu Father.
At the same time, there is also a place in Weidi called WuFu: the Zuo Zhuan has this record in the fourth year of Lu Dinggong: "From the south of Wu Father to the northern part of Putian." Du Xian pointed out in the commentary later: "Father Wu, the northern boundary of the Wei Kingdom. "It can be seen that somewhere in Weidi, there is also a place called Wu Father, but it is not known where The Wu Father of Weidi is now. The only thing that is certain is that the martial father here does not refer to the martial father of Lu Di.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="9" >3, the capital of Jindi with the name "father"</h1>
The Zuo Chuan recorded in the seventeenth year of Lu Wengong:"Jin waited for the military parade to Father Huang. Du Xian pointed out in the commentary later: "Also known as black soil, in Jindi. ”
The Spring and Autumn Chronicle records in the seventh year of Lu Xuangong: "Lu Xuangong met with Jin Hou in Black Soil. The "Zuo Biography" says: "The Jin people detained Lu Xuangong and formed an alliance with Huang Father. Du Pre also pointed out in the later article that Huang Father is actually black soil. The two names actually refer to the same place. It can be seen that in Jindi there are also duyi with the name of "father".
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="11" >4, the capital of Chudi with the name "father"</h1>
When the Zuo Biography records the deeds of Duke Huan of Lu for thirteen years, he said: "Mo Ao was hanged in the barren valley, and imprisoned other generals Yu Ye's father to listen to punishment. Du Pre pointed out that the barren valley and Ye father are the place names of Chu land.
At the same time, the "Water Classic" also recorded that "Pi Shui passes through the south of Yingcheng and flows northeast, called Yangshui." There is also a northeast road of water, called lake water injection.
The lake is in the north of Dagang, the south of the port is called Zhonghu Lake, and the south embankment is called Duanguan Lake. The waters of the three lakes merge into one water, passing eastward through the barren valley.
On the east bank of the Barren Valley there is Ye father city. Hu Anguo of the Song Dynasty pointed out in his "Spring and Autumn Biography" that Mo Ao was hanged in a barren valley, and the precipitation was imprisoned in Ye Father, which is here. That is, today's Jiangling County, Hubei Province.
At the same time, the "Zuo Chuan" recorded in the ninth year of Lu Zhaogong: "The prince of the Chu state abandoned the disease and moved xu guo to Yidi, in fact, he was the father of the city." Du Pre pointed out: "At this time, the father of the city was renamed Yidi, so the "Biography" said that it was actually the father of the city, and now it belongs to the county. ”
Gu Donggao of the Qing Dynasty pointed out: "There are two city fathers in Chudi, and the Yicheng father referred to here was taken from chen guo. In the twenty-third year of the reign of Duke Lu, the State of Chu seized Jiaodi and Yidi from the State of Chen, and Du pre-noted: "Yi, also known as the Father of the City." This is it.
In the thirtieth year of Lu Zhaogong, the State of Chu built a city in Yidi to house Xu Zi. Thirty-one years later, the State of Wu invaded the State of Chu and attacked Yidi. It can be seen that both the names of Yi and Chengfu can be used. In addition, there was also the father of the northern city, in the nineteenth year of Lu Zhaogong, Fei Wuji told Chu Zi that he should build a large number of civil engineering projects in the father of the city to communicate with the north, so the prince established a residence in the father of the city.
Du said in his advance note: 'Today's Xiangcheng Chengfu County. This is the other Father of the City. "As can be seen from the map, Yicheng Father during the Chu State period was in the southeast of the present-day city of Bozhou, Anhui. Beicheng Father was forty miles east of Baofeng County in present-day Pingdingshan City, Henan.
Chudi also has the place name Chicken Father. The Spring and Autumn Chronicle records the deeds of Lu Zhaogong for twenty-three years: "The State of Wu repelled the forces of Dun, Hu, Shen, Cai, Chen, and Xu at The Father of the Chicken. Du Pre-annotated: "In Chudi, there is a chicken pavilion in the south of Anfeng County. "The place should be at the junction of the current Xinyang City and Lu'an City."
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="13" > second, the reason for the name "father"</h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="15" >1</h1>
The pretentious loan character is widely used in ancient Chinese texts, and even in the later Han Dynasty, "da" and "tai" were not distinguished, so in many documents it can be seen that Sima Qian is called "Dashigong", in fact, "da" here should be pronounced "tai". "DashiGong" is exactly the honorific title for Sima Qian, "Taishigong".
Returning to the truth, through the above understanding, it can be found that it is not only the Lu state that has the name of "Father". During the Spring and Autumn Period, there were many capitals in Zhengdi, Weidi, Jindi, and Chudi with the name of "Father". Therefore, the "father" of the "Ju Father" pointed out by Gu Donggao is a view caused by the Lu dialect and is not enough to win the trust.
The Huainan Honglie Li Zhenxun has a saying: "The mountain of the block Fu is the wealth of no zhang." And this passage, when quoted in the Taiping Imperial Records, became: "The mountain of the father of Kui, the wealth of no camp."
When the Tang Dynasty quoted this passage in its "Art and Literature Cluster", it was also written as "KuiFu". The Liezi Tang Question says, "The Hill of the Father." The Tang Dynasty Yin Jingshun pointed out in his book "Liezi Interpretation": "Kui Father, The Huainan Zi is written in Kuifu, which means that these hills are like earthen mountains piled up. It can be seen that "Kuifu", "Kuifu", "Kuifu" and "Block Fu" are all false loans, but in fact, they all refer to the same mountain.
The "Six Books of Phonology" written by Qing Duan Yujie pointed out that "Fu" is in the third part, "father" is in the fifth part, and three and five rhymes, so "father" and "Fu" are connected. Zhu Junsheng, a Qing dynasty official, also pointed out that "father" can be borrowed as the word "Fu". In summary, the place name with the word "father" is actually no different from the place name with the word "Fu".
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="17" >2, the site selection factors of the city</h1>
During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a unique theoretical system for the site selection of the capitals, and the places where these capitals were built were mostly high and relatively spacious. It is said in the "Explanation of Words" that "hill" is a place where the land rises, not by manpower.
It can be seen that "mounds" refer to those naturally formed earthen mountains, and people live on the south side of the hills, facing the sun without moisture at the same time in order to avoid the wind. Therefore, there are countless places in ancient China with the name of "hill". Songdi has long hills, valley hills, ghost hills, Yongqiu... There are heavy hills, canal hills, shell hills...
It is also mentioned in the Commentaries on the Interpretation of Texts: "The mountain, Xuanye, means that it can disperse qi and generate all things, and the mountain has stones and is high, which is a hieroglyph." The word "Fu" is mentioned later: "Fu, referring to the mainland, the mountain without stones, is a hieroglyph." ”
Moreover, when Duan Yujie made an annotation to the Commentaries on the Interpretation of Characters, he pointed out that the Book of Poetry said that "such as a mountain is like a fu", indicating that "mountain" and "fu" have the same shape but different composition.
Liu Xi of the late Eastern Han Dynasty wrote in his "Interpretation of Names": "'Tushan Yuefu' is a hieroglyphic character, as tall as Tushan and relatively flat at the top. At the same time as the meaning is similar, the rhyme of the two words is also similar.
"Qiu" is a rhyme, and "Fu" is a rhyme. This shows that the words "Qiu" and "Fu" may have been pronounced similarly in the Spring and Autumn Period. Therefore, the name "Fu" as a place name may be exactly the name of "Qiu".
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="19" >3, the relationship between "fu" and "father"</h1>
From the above description, it can be seen that "Fu" is an earthen mountain, the whole is tall and the top is flat, and its meaning is not much different from the word "hill".
At the same time, "Fu" is also connected with "father", so as mentioned above, ju father, wu father, yellow father, chicken father, ye father and other place names, they should be pronounced as Jufu, Wufu, Huangfu, Jifu, Yefu ... Its meaning should be consistent with the "Fu" of today's "Qufu".
In addition, in ancient China, "father" and "甫" were pronounced the same, so they were often used as each other in ancient books. In the White Tiger Tong Feng Zen, it is said: "Liang Fu, the name of the mountain next to Mount Tai. However, it is said in the "Customs and Customs" that "In The Liang Father sealed Zen." Therefore, "Father Liang" can also be written as "Liang Fu" in ancient books.
As mentioned above in the "Zuo Zhuan", the "chicken father" mentioned by Lu Zhaogong in the twenty-three years was written as "chicken fu" in the "Biography of Yu Liang". From here, it can be known that in the Spring and Autumn Period, Lu Dinggong recorded in the tenth year that "Qi Hou, Wei Hou, and Zheng Yousu will meet in Anfu." Among them, the place name "AnFu" can also be written as "An Father", "An Fu" or "An Qiu".
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="21" >3</h1>
In general, in the Spring and Autumn Period, Chinese culture was still in the "adolescent period" that needed to be developed, and the writing was not very mature, so the existence of false loan characters was relatively extensive.
The word "father" in a place name is actually a false loan word, which means "fu", "fu", and "qiu". Whoever uses the words "father", "fu", "甫", and "丘" as place names can actually be transformed into each other.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, a large number of Duyi sites were located on hills, which led to the use of the words "Fu" and "Qiu" in place names, and "father" was connected with it, and "father" and "甫" were homophonous, which naturally led to the existence of a large number of duyi with the name of "father" in the Spring and Autumn period.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="23" > references:</h1>
"Spring and Autumn"
"The Left Handbook"
The Ram
The Legend of The Dragon Beam
The Sutra of Water
"Spring and Autumn Biography"
Taiping Imperial Records
"Art and Literature Cluster"
"Huainan Honglie"
"Liezi"
Liezi Interpretation
《Explanation of Words and Words》
The Six Books of Rhyme
"White Tiger Pass"
"Customs"