【Striving for a Hundred Years, Setting Sail on a New Journey, Studying Party History, Enlightening Thought, Doing Practical Things, Opening a New Situation】
The Early Chinese Communist Party was a figure in the early days of the struggle in Gansu
Liu Renshu
Maranxiang
Ma Lanxiang, born in 1907, female, Hui, from Yuzhong County, Gansu Province. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Ma Lanxiang used the opening of restaurants as a cover to inquire into news, transmit intelligence, cover comrades, and was unyielding in the face of the enemy's torture, and was known as "Longshang Aqing's sister-in-law".
Ma Lanxiang was born into a poor peasant family and married Mi Jingshan, a farmer in his village at the age of 18. In order to make ends meet, the couple opened a restaurant next to the Golden Cliff Old Master Temple in Yuzhong.
In 1937, the Gansu Working Committee of the Communist Party of China (hereinafter referred to as the Gansu Working Committee of the Communist Party of China) was established, centering on the Lanzhou area and the rural areas of Yuzhong, gradually expanding the work area to Hexi, Longnan and Gannan, and sending party members to carry out work. In the spring of 1938, Zhang Jie, a teaching gentleman in Zhujiagou, went to Ma Lanxiang's house for food and accommodation. Later, Yang Jingren, Jin Shaobo, Chen Chengyi, Fu Congjian and others often gathered in the cave where Zhang Jie lived to discuss things. Gradually, Ma Lanxiang learned the true identity of their Communist Party members from his words. Through long-term contact, Ma Lanxiang's thoughts and life have undergone a major turning point. After the inspection and talk of the party organization, she consciously undertook the glorious mission of transmitting information for our party. Her family's restaurant became a secret liaison station for party members to pass on information, and she was transformed from an ordinary rural woman into a secret traffic officer.
When working as a secret traffic officer, Ma Lanxiang tried his best to hide intelligence in hair buns, cotton jackets, toothpaste skins, and so on. Once, there was an urgent piece of information to be quickly handed over to Yang Jingren. In order to prevent the enemy from interrogating, Ma Lanxiang rolled the intelligence into a small roll and put it into the brush sleeve, then stuffed the pen sleeve into the belly of the fish, and poured cold water on the fish, freezing the fish hard. She and her husband carried fish, disguised themselves as relatives, and safely delivered the information to their destination.
One evening in the early winter of 1938, when the sky was snowing heavily, Ma Lanxiang's restaurant came with two people wearing long shirts, top hats and sunglasses on the bridge of their noses. The two talked: "Zhujiagou ... Wait until dawn to get started." With a keen sense of political smell, Ma Lanxiang realized that what the two men said was related to Zhang Jie and them, and decided that no matter what, they had to tell them about this situation. However, when the two "guests" left, it was already about 9 p.m., and the Golden Cliff was more than 30 kilometers away from Zhujiagou, coupled with the snow and wind, and she would definitely delay the time to report the letter alone. She thought of Zhou Huanfeng, a progressive youth in Bingjiawan Village. Therefore, she braved the wind and snow in the sky, one foot deep and one foot shallow, and went straight to the village of Fengjiawan, 3 kilometers away, so that Zhou Huanfeng set off for Zhujiagou overnight to report the news. At four or five o'clock in the morning of the next day, sure enough, five or six people armed with guns and horses raided Zhang Jie's residence, and Zhang Jie and others had already received the safe transfer of intelligence.
In the first month of the lunar calendar in 1941, Zhang Jie and others went to Huixian County to carry out work. Shortly after they left, a man came to the restaurant and claimed to be Yang Jingren's "nephew" to find Yang Jingren. Ma Lanxiang understood as soon as he heard it, because Yang Jingren did not have any nephews at all. She replied calmly: "I am a rice seller, where do I have time to inquire about the names of the guests." One word pulled him out. Who knew that the next day the man would come again. As soon as he entered the restaurant, he asked in a menacing manner, "Where is Yang Jingren?" And where did that Zhang Jie go? Ma Lanxiang replied, "Didn't I say that, I don't know!" When the man saw that the question was not famous, he became angry, slapped Ma Lanxiang, and slammed his hands on her head hard against the wall, and blood immediately flowed from Ma Lanxiang's head. When the man saw that she still did not speak, he angrily picked up a kitchen knife from the board, slashed the back of her right arm fiercely, and scolded: "Yang Jingren, where are they?" Ma Lanxiang insisted that he did not know. The man listened, and unexpectedly turned around and took out a piece of red-hot charcoal from the stove, pulled Up Ma Lanxiang's pant leg violently, and forced her to kneel on the charcoal block, and Ma Lanxiang fainted in pain, but never revealed a little party secret.
In October 1965, Ma Lanxiang went to Beijing to attend the Third National People's Congress and was received by Mao Zedong and other party and state leaders. Yang Jingren repeatedly wanted to take her to live in Beijing, but the old man politely refused. In January 1986, at the age of 80, Ma Lanxiang was elected as a standing committee member of the first committee of the Gaolan County CPPCC Committee, and was re-elected as a member of the second standing committee and the third committee.
Tian Boping
Tian Boping (1917-1984), also known as Tian Zhiyuan, pseudonym Tian Junshi, was a native of Kaiyang County, Guizhou. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1936. In 1941, he was sent by the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee to teach at the Yumen Oil Mine Workers' Children's School in Gansu Province, and under the cover of teaching, he established the Party Branch of the Yumen Oil Mine Workers' School to secretly carry out intelligence work.
Tian Boping joined the Communist Party of China in Zunyi in 1936 and later worked in Guizhou for a long time. After the Anhui Incident in 1941, the Guizhou Provincial Working Committee of the Communist Party of China was destroyed, and a large number of Guizhou party members were evacuated to Chongqing, and Tian Boping served as the director of the information office of xinmin bao after arriving in Chongqing.
In 1937, the Nationalist government began to explore the Yumen Laojunmiao Oilfield, and in 1938, the Gansu Oil Mine Bureau was established to drill the first oil well in the modern sense of China in the Yumen Laojunmiao Oilfield. In a few years, the Yumen Laojun Temple, located in the Gobi wasteland, gathered 15,000 oil workers and their families, and the new oil city was erected. By the end of 1942, the crude oil production of the Yumen Oil Mine accounted for 97% of the total crude oil production of all of China at that time.
In January 1941, the Gansu Oil and Mining Bureau (the bureau was located in Chongqing) decided to set up a school for children, and it was urgent to hire teachers. After the party organization learned of this, it decided to send four comrades, Tian Boping, Ning Hange, Huang Xiaomu, and Ding Youcheng, to form a party branch to carry out work in Yumen, with Tian Boping as the secretary of the branch, and later added Ding Yi and Sun Mingxun, with a total of 6 party members in the branch.
After these CCP members came to the Yumen Oil Mine, Huang Xiaomu assumed the pseudonym Huang Yongsen as the principal of the children's school, and Tian Boping assumed the pseudonym Tian Junshi as the director of teaching (later the principal). Members of the party branch of the Yumen Oil Mine Workers' School, under the cover of being a faculty member, are directly led by the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee to carry out their work in Yumen. After they gradually gained a foothold in the Yumen oil mine, they made friends, secretly developed party organizations, and had direct contact with Pan Zinian and Zhang Li of Xinhua Daily. Usually, Tian Boping uses a code name to call "Sister Lian" (Pan Zi Nian), if there is an accident on the Side of Yumen, it is called "sick", and if it is safe, it is called "healthy". They used public codebooks to decipher codes and transmit intelligence. For example, copying a table of grain and vegetable prices and deciphering the numbers in the table according to a certain law is the true content of intelligence. In this way, Tian Boping and members of the branch began to report information about the Yumen oil mine to the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. In 1943, in order to strengthen the control of the Yumen oil mine, the Kuomintang Central Committee sent personnel to the oil mine to set up a party training class and established the Kuomintang Gansu Oil Mine Bureau District Party Department. Due to the frequent activities of secret agents and the occasional unidentified person in the school for the children of the workers, the party branch decided to let everyone evacuate in batches.
After the founding of New China, Tian Boping successively served as the director of the personnel department of the Chongqing Municipal Military Control Commission, the director of the Personnel Bureau of the Municipal Government, etc., in 1966 to prepare for the establishment of Chongqing University of Technology, in 1973 to become the director of the Chongqing Municipal Education Bureau, the secretary of the party group, and later the secretary general of the Municipal People's Congress and the vice chairman of the Municipal Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He died in Chongqing in 1984.
Qin Ming
Qin Ming
Qin Ming (1916-1948), formerly known as Qiao Yinghuai, was a native of Jingyuan County, Gansu Province. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1937. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, under the leadership of the Gansu Working Committee of the CPC, he opened up a secret communication line from Lanzhou to Yan'an via Qingyang and established the Jingyuan Transit Station.
In the spring of 1933, Qin Ming was admitted to Gansu Provincial No. 1 Middle School to study. After graduating in 1936, he went to Nanjing to study, but due to financial constraints, he returned to Jingyuan in July of the same year and worked as a teacher at Beiwan Primary School. During this period, he used his spare time to work with his friends Wan Liangcai, Liu Zongdao and others to found the Jingyuan "Tongjin Consumer Cooperative" and distribute progressive books and periodicals. At the beginning of 1937, he quit his teaching job and came to Lanzhou again to study in the high school of Gansu College. After the "July 7 Incident," Qin Ming joined the Gansu Youth Anti-Japanese Resistance League, a progressive youth organization led by our party, and actively participated in the anti-Japanese rescue activities. Qin Ming and others also set up "secret reading clubs" and "tongren consumption cooperatives" to distribute "Reading Monthly", "Weekly Life", and some progressive books and periodicals published in Yan'an, disseminating revolutionary ideas and advocating cooperation to save the country. In November 1937, through the introduction of Wan Liangcai and Wan Tongxuan, Qin Ming joined the Communist Party of China in Lanzhou. Soon after, he was assigned by the party organization to break into the Kuomintang's Northwest Training Regiment in Lanzhou.
In October 1938, after being introduced by the Eighth Route Army Office in Gansu, Qin Ming and his newlywed wife went to Anwu Fort, Jingyang County, Shaanxi Province, to study the theory of the anti-Japanese revolution at the "Chinese Young Cadres Training Class" (commonly known as the "An Wu Youth Training Class") led by the Youth Commission of the CPC Central Committee. In March 1939, Qin Ming was sent back to his hometown of Jingyuan by the party organization to serve as the secretary of the Chengguan Branch of the CPC Jingyuan County and the secretary of the Jingyuan County CPC Committee. Under the cover of his open identity as a teacher at Xiguan Primary School, he actively propagated the idea of resisting Japan and saving the country in schools in Jingyuan County. In the autumn of the same year, Qin Ming served as a member of the Jingyuan County CPC Committee; he used the small grocery store opened by his third brother in the county town to establish a secret organ of the county party committee, formulate strict liaison codes and joint methods, and send reliable comrades disguised as sellers to carry goods to and from the five grass-roots party branches, convey instructions from higher levels, understand the situation at the grass-roots level, closely link the five party branches, and enhance the combat effectiveness of the party organizations.
In order to break through the restrictions and blockades imposed by the Kuomintang diehards on our Party, to transmit the instructions of the Party Central Committee in a timely manner, and to communicate the contacts between the Central Committee and the Gansu Working Committee of the CPC, the CPC Central Committee instructed the GANSU Working Committee of the CPC to open up a secret communication line from Lanzhou to Yan'an. In the winter of 1939, Qin Ming was ordered to open the Lanzhou-Jingyuan-Haigu-Qingyang-Yan'an traffic line and establish the Jingyuan Transit Station. After some careful preparation, this secret line of communication soon began to operate. Confidential documents, instructions, letters, and messages of the CPC Central Committee and the Gansu Working Committee of the CPC were secretly and smoothly transmitted back and forth through this line of communication. In June 1940, the Gansu Working Committee of the COMMUNIST Party of China was destroyed by the enemy, and Li Tielun, secretary of the Working Committee, Luo Yunpeng, deputy secretary of the Working Committee, and other responsible comrades were arrested. In order to preserve the party's living strength, Qin Ming and others immediately withdrew to Yan'an. After studying at Yan'an University for more than a year, Qin Ming was transferred to the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Administrative College as a language teacher in April 1942.
In early April 1946, Qin Ming was sent to work at the Gansu Working Committee of the Communist Party of China in Qingyang. In June of the same year, the Gansu Working Committee of the Communist Party of China sent Qin Ming to Jingyuan to find the secret party organization in Jingyuan, which had lost contact with the higher-level party organization. Overcoming many dangers and obstacles, Qin Ming came to Jingyuan alone, found He Qingyong and others, learned about the situation of the local party organizations, conveyed to them the instructions of the Gansu Working Committee of the CPC, arranged tasks, and stipulated the secret code for future contacts. In October of the same year, Qin Ming was sent by the CPC Gansu Work Committee to HuanXian county as a member of the standing committee of the county party committee and the head of the United Front Work Department, responsible for the secret work around Huanxian County. In March 1947, Qin Ming successively worked in the Huanxian Armed Workers' Brigade and the Guerrilla Army. During a battle to cover the breakthrough of other comrades, he was unfortunately captured by the enemy.
Although Qin Ming lost his freedom due to his arrest, he did not stop fighting in prison. Fearing that the army's heart would waver, the enemy transferred him to prisons in Zhongning, Pingliang, and other places. During Qin Ming's detention, the Gansu Working Committee of the Communist Party of China tried to rescue him in many ways, but none of them succeeded. In June 1947, after Qin Ming was escorted to Lanzhou by the enemy, he and his fellow prisoner Gao Bo (political commissar of a regiment of our army) secretly established the party branch in prison, leading all the victims and the enemy in an indomitable struggle.
On May 2, 1948, Qin Ming, Gao Bo, and others were escorted by the Kuomintang authorities by plane to the "Training Center of the Ministry of National Defense" at jinshan Temple in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province. In prison, Qin Ming and others actively struggled to help Wang Huiwen and other comrades successfully escape from prison. In October of the same year, Qin Ming was secretly killed by the enemy at Yuhuatai in Nanjing on the pretext of organizing a riot in prison, at the age of 32. (This article is provided by the Gansu Hidden Struggle History Research Group)