In the first year of Tang Guangde (763), An Lushan Shi Siming, who had been one of the pioneers of the "Anshi Rebellion", surrendered to the central government of the Tang Dynasty, and at that time, out of the consideration of appeasing the overall situation, the imperial court did not blame the old general An Shi for the past, not only that, in order to win tian Chengsi, he also appointed him as wei Bojie's envoy. From then on, Wei Bo, together with ChengDe and Fan Yang (Lu Long), was called the "Three Towns of Heshuo", becoming an important one of the towns in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. As long as we talk about the division of the Tang Dynasty's feudal towns, Wei Bo's moderation is an unavoidable topic, and as long as we talk about Wei Bo's festival envoy, the WeiBo professional military group represented by Wei Bo's tooth soldiers is an unavoidable topic.
Wei Bo Jiedushi, also known as Tianxiong Jiedushi, the original Jiedushi envoy was an old general of An Shi.
Due to the killing of the commanders and the capture of the seal by the arrogant generals, the three towns of Heshuo changed several families, but basically did not obey the central government.
Starting from Tian Chengsi, in order to expand his own strength, Wei Bo Jiedu made it check his household registration and increased his endowment, forming a pattern of old and weak cultivators and strong people in the army, that is to say, Wei Bo Jiedu made it based on strong financial and material resources, recruited strong people from local peasants for military service, and also recruited relatively fierce nomads from society, and established a powerful army of "hundreds of thousands of people", which gradually evolved into a professional army with the development of time, and in this army, Tian Chengsi also selected more than 10,000 powerful soldiers as tooth soldiers (衙兵), which constituted the elite core force of the Wei Bo Fan Town's armed forces, which was the famous "Wei Bo Ya Soldier" in history.
The tooth soldiers are the pro-soldiers and guards of the jiedushi, they are usually the brave and strong people in the army, above other non-commissioned officers, in a sense, they belong to the private army of the jiedushi, and the yashi whose main goal is to seek financial and monetary rewards have gradually alienated into a relatively independent armed force with their own interests and demands.
Judging from the original intention of Tian Chengsi and others, the establishment of this armed force was so that Wei Bo, who was in the land of four wars, could maintain his territory and security in the years of war and chaos, and would not be eliminated and annexed by the imperial court or neighboring feudal towns. However, precisely because of the above-mentioned alienation situation, after the death of Tian Hongzheng (who served from 812 to 820), the fifth emissary of the Tian family, Tian Hongzheng (who served from 812 to 820), actually fell into the hands of Wei Bo's yabing, and the festival that disobeyed his wishes was often directly deposed and killed, and the successor of the jiedushi was usually produced according to the wishes of the tooth soldiers, so that the existence of positive and negative precedents made the new successor jiedushi even more afraid to disobey the wishes of the tooth soldiers.
In "Assassin Nie Yinniang", Wei Bo, played by Zhang Zhen, made Tian Ji'an.
Examining the situation of The Wei Bo Jiedushi after the Tian family, Shi Xiancheng, He Shi (He Jintao, He Hongjing, He Quanhao), Han Shi (Han Yunzhong, Han Jian), Le Yanzhen, Luo Shi (Luo Hongxin, Luo Shaowei), etc., we may be able to find that there is such a law: the more time passes, the greater the dominance of the Wei Bo professional military group represented by the tooth soldiers, as long as they cannot represent their interests, the Jiedushi will either be killed themselves or passed on to their descendants and killed. There are not many cases of good endings. It was precisely because the tooth soldiers arbitrarily abolished the festival and were very stubborn, so at that time, people had a saying of "Chang'an Tianzi, Wei Bo YaBing", which meant that Wei Bo's tooth soldiers were the same as the Tang Tianzi in Chang'an, and they were very powerful beings.
One of the extreme examples occurred in the late Tang Dynasty in the third year of Emperor Zhaozong's reign (906), when Wei Bo jiedushi made Luo Shaowei ask for help from his own relatives and Xuanwu Jiedushi, and Zhu Wen sent more than 1,000 elite soldiers disguised as porters to go in the name of mourning his daughter who married into the Luo family, and with the cooperation of Luo Shaowei, he killed Wei Boya's soldiers.
History: This event eradicated the plague of tooth soldiers that lasted for two hundred years, and at the same time, Wei Bo's vitality was seriously injured and gradually weakened into a small clan town- many history books introduce Wei Bo Fan Town, which often ended in 910, the year of Luo Shaowei's death.
In fact, this is not the case in real history.
Although after Zhu Wen established Hou Liang, Wei Bo did indeed lose the independence of the middle and late Tang dynasties because of his broken bones and weak strength, and became a clan town that paid tribute to the Later Liang court and used grain and other wealth to continuously transfuse blood to Hou Liang, but this was only for a short period of time, until Zhu Wen died in the second year of Qianhua (912), Zhu Wen replaced Luo Shihou with Yang Shihou, and Wei Bo had a new situation - in addition, there were errors in the previous statement, only in the early 10th century, Counting from 732, there is no talk of the plague of tooth soldiers that lasted for 200 years.
Yang Shihou first managed to eliminate Wei Bo's disobedience to him, and then established a new professional military group loyal to himself, known as the "Silver Gun Jie Jie Jie Army", and soon became the new Wei Bo Jiedushi envoy with heavy troops in Heshuo and Wei Gao Zhen.
But Yang Shihou also did not live long, Qianhua five years (915), he died in Wei Bo, after the late Liang Emperor Zhu Youzhen led by the Liang Junchen is trying to use Yang Shihou's death to completely solve the town of Wei Bo, their plan is to divide Wei Bo into two towns, and at the same time disintegrate the army left by Yang Shihou, did not expect that Wei Bo's professional military group did not eat this set at all, they called themselves "my six prefectures of the past dynasties, the father and son of the military gate, the marriage clan is connected, did not try to go far out of the river gate, away from the relatives and go to the clan", completely unwilling to be separated and left Wei Bo.
Dissatisfied with the Later Liang court, the Silver Gun Jie jiejun turned to the new Wei Bo Jiedu and caused He Delun to defect to Li Cunxun (later Later Tang Zhuangzong), the King of Jin. In this way, Li Cunxun not only obtained Wei Bo, an important geographical hub, but also subdued the core silver gun jiejun of Wei Bo's professional military group, and later, Li Cunxun obtained the desperate effectiveness of the silver gun service army in the battle against Hou Liang, all of which played a huge decisive role in the later Tang replacing Hou Liang - from 915 to 923, Li Cunxun also led Wei Bo as the king of Jin, which fully demonstrated his importance to the Wei Bo professional military group.
Wei Bo's Silver Gun Army played a huge role in the Battle of Later Tang and Later Liang.
After Li Cunxun became emperor, he did not concurrently take the title of Wei Bojiedushi.
Later, Emperor Mingzong of Tang succeeded to the throne, and was also supported by the rebels and soldiers and horses of various routes, mainly Wei Bo's army, and it was precisely because he saw the great influence of Wei Bo's professional military group that he transferred his core elite silver gun army to the first line of defense against the Khitan in the north after he took the throne, in other words, he was transferred away from Wei Bo, the old lair they had been occupying for a long time.
In the second year of Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang (927), under the command of Li Siyuan, his subordinates Fang Zhiwen and others took advantage of the chaos to massacre the silver gun army on the way to control the defense, and the history said that "those who killed everything, those who escaped from the bushes and ditches were ten and twenty-three" and "Yongji Canal became red".
This is the second time that Wei Boyabing, the core main force of The Wei Bo Professional Soldier Group, has suffered a heavy blow, and the history books also say: "Wei Zhi's proud soldiers, so they are exhausted", to put it bluntly, since then, the traces of Wei Bo's soldiers have rarely been seen in historical records.
However, this is also not the case.
Although the Silver Gun Army was destroyed, the Wei Bo Professional Soldier Group did not disappear, and the important role played by Wei Bo Fan Town in the political situation did not weaken, but it may have been presented in another way.
Here it needs to be explained that Wei Prefecture, where the Five Dynasties Wei Bozhi was located, has different names such as Xingtang Province, Guangjin Province, and Yidu, and the Yidu here is not the same thing as the Yicheng City of the Ancient Capital of the Six Dynasties in the Homeland of the Three Kingdoms, and it will not be unfolded here for the time being.
After the Slaughter of the Silver Gun Jie jie army, Wei Bo's successive jiedushi level clan commanders were as follows——
In the post-Tang Dynasty: Yidu stayed behind to make Shi Jingyao of the Tianxiong Army, Xingtang Yin, Tianxiong Jiedushi, Li Conghou the Prince of Song (the third son of Emperor Mingzong), and Fan Yanguang, the envoy of the Xingxing Tang YinChong Tianxiong Army.
In the later Jin Dynasty: Guangjin Yin and Tianxiong Army Jiedu made Yang Zhiyuan, Guangjin Yidu stayed behind Gao Xingzhou, Yidu stayed behind Guangjin Yin Liu Zhiyuan, and Tianxiong Army Jiedu made Chongyi stay behind Du Chongwei and others.
The rulers of the Later Tang Dynasty, the Later Jin Dynasty, the Later Han Dynasty, were all members of the Hebei military clique in Hedong.
We can find that these were all important ministers at that time, including the crown prince and the later emperor, which shows the importance of this place; the Later Jin Dynasty Emperor Shi Jingyao himself served as the above-mentioned envoy of the Tianxiong Army who stayed in the capital of Yidu, and after becoming emperor, he was stationed in the capital of Yidu for a long time, and died here, which also reflects his importance to this place; and then Liu Zhiyuan, the ancestor of Han Gaozu, also served as the governor of Guangjin and was well aware of the importance of this place, so immediately after taking the throne, du Chongwei was transferred to the song prefecture jiedu envoy Jiashou Taiwei Du Chongwei refused to move the town of Song Prefecture, and according to the rebellion in Yidu, Liu Zhiyuan personally led a large army to conquest, and after a fierce battle, he pacified Du Chongwei.
Shi Jingyao once guarded Wei Bo as an envoy of the Tianxiong Army who remained in the capital of Yidu.
Liu Zhiyuan once guarded Wei Bo as the capital of Yi to guard Guangjin Yin.
During Liu Zhiyuan's conquest, the Privy Councillor Guo Wei (later Later Zhou Taizu) stepped onto the stage of history, and when the war ended, Guo Wei accepted Liu Zhiyuan's order to "record (Du) Chongwei's subordinates and do everything in his power", which can be understood as another devastating blow to Wei Bo's professional military clique.
Later, Guo Wei himself also used his merits to enter the capital of Yidu, the Tianxiong Army Jiedushi envoy, and the Privy Council, and the counties of Hebei all listened to his moderation, and under Guo Wei's leadership, a new Wei Bo professional military group was born, and played a huge role in subsequent history.
In the third year of the Later Han Dynasty (950), the political struggle between the two koreas was fierce, Guo Wei's allies in the imperial court, such as Yang Ying and Shi Hongzhao, were killed, and there was a secret edict to kill Guo Wei and Wang Yin and other former generals of the former dynasty, Guo Wei naturally did not sit still, so he pretended to be the Later Han Emperor Liu Chengyou to kill the generals, causing the anger of the crowd, so he naturally led the generals of the capital to march into the Beijing Division, and the Hebei armies along the way also joined.
When the Later Han Emperor Liu Chengyou heard this news, his ministers came up with the idea of the so-called "official Mo Xie Fu Treasury", that is, not to be stingy with property to reward the armies, including the "Northern Generals" who were under Guo Wei at this time, and the later Han offered the condition of 20 taels per soldier (20 strings of 1,000 yuan, equivalent to 20 yuan).
Guo Wei's condition was to allow his soldiers to plunder for ten days after pacifying the capital, which was undoubtedly higher, so his subordinates were "enthusiastic".
The lure of the professional military clique ended in Guo Wei's victory over Liu Chengyou's defeat, and the effect was immediate, and soon the city of Kaifeng was destroyed, and the Later Han perished.
Less than a month later, Guo Wei added a yellow robe, which can be said to be the "higher level" of the abolition of the fanzhen professional military group represented by Wei Bo, extending from one town to the whole country, from localization to centralization.
When Guo Wei's yellow robe was added, Zhao Kuangyin was his subordinate.
After Guo Wei ascended the throne, because Wang Yin, who had originally been a general of the same dynasty, had both deep seniority and great merit, he had to appoint him as the defender of the capital of Yi, but when he died of serious illness 2 years later, he still killed Wang Yin, who had the "power of shaking the lord", and officially appointed Fu Yanqing as the emissary of the Daimyo Prefecture Yin and the Tianxiong Army, and made him the Prince of Wei.
Fu Yanqing was the father-in-law of Guo Wei's adopted son Zhou Shizong Chai Rong (zhou Shizong's two empresses, Empress Xuanyifu and Empress Xuanci fu, were both daughters of Fu Yanqing), so he was always trusted throughout the Sejong period and served as an envoy to the Tianxiong Army, while Fu Yanqing was also the father-in-law of Zhao Kuangyin's younger brother Zhao Kuangyi (later Emperor Taizong of Song Zhao Guangyi) (Zhou Shizong's Empress Yidefu was also the daughter of Fu Yanqing, and later married Zhao Er as his successor), so when Zhao Kuangyin had the same way to follow Guo Wei's routine to launch the Chen Qiao Rebellion Fu Yanqing is likely also one of the potential supporters of Zhao Kuangyin's coup, at least he was also a relatively neutral commander of the clan town – which is quite likely from the fact that he was also an envoy of the Tianxiong Army for about 9 years after the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty.
In a broad sense, the Wei Bo (Tianxiong Army) FanZhen began in the first year of Tang Guangde (763) and continued until the second year of the Taiping Revival of the Northern Song Dynasty (977) - it was the year when Song Taizong tried to abolish the town to rule the branches and counties by separate roads - in this period of more than 200 years, unlike many historical records such as "The Plague of Wei Bo Ya Bing was Eradicated" in the Zhu Wen Period, "Wei Zhi's Proud Soldiers, So Exhausted" and so on, the professional military group represented and core by Wei Bo Ya Bing has always had a huge impact on the history of this fan town. It plays a role that cannot be ignored.
The professional military group's act of abolishing the moderation from its own interests and the stubborn style revealed in this behavior not only affected the individual Wei Bofanzhen, but also affected the dynastic succession of the Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han, and Later Zhou, affected the transfer of leadership within the Hebei military group in Hedong, and as an expansion of the same model, it also affected the "yellow robe plus body" of Guo Wei of later Zhou and even Zhao Kuangyin of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Zhao Kuangyin's yellow robe plus body script is almost exactly the same as Guo Wei's plot that year.
The release of military power through a glass of wine was the beginning of a series of political and military reform measures by Zhao Kuangyin.
And expanding our horizons from this perspective, it may not be difficult for us to find that the reform of various political systems and military systems in the Northern Song Dynasty, which originated from the Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, although there are many well-known shortcomings and sequelae, in the final analysis, it is also an overcorrection of the overcorrection of the tyrannical and entangled professional military groups in the middle and late Tang Dynasty and the five generations, and there are many necessary measures that had to be taken under the circumstances and conditions at that time.