The Twenty-Seven Chapters of the Tao Te Ching
Good deeds have no traces, good words have no flaws,
Good planning does not need to be planned, good closure has nothing to do with it and cannot be opened,
Good knots are unsolvable without rope.
It is the saints who are always good at saving people, so there is no abandonment;
Always good to save things, so there is no discarded things, it is said to be clear.
Therefore, the good man, the teacher of the bad man;
The one who is not good, the one who is good.
Not expensive to his teacher, not to love his resources, although the wisdom is great, it is said to be wonderful.
When it comes to goodness, we often associate it with doing good deeds and accumulating virtue, and we often have to do good deeds, and the goodness of good deeds here is the goodness of good and evil.
Is the "good" in Lao Tzu's text the good of good and evil?
What is more difficult to understand here is this sentence: "Therefore, the good man is the teacher of the bad man; the bad man, the good man's asset." ”
We see the river's public note as "The good deeds of man, the saints think of themselves as teachers." If people do not do good, the saints teach that they are good, and they can be used."
The Duke of Kawakami interprets good people as good people, and the bad people as unkind people.
Is this true?
Wang Bi's note: "The teacher who does good deeds is not good, so it is called a teacher." Capital, take also. The good is good and the bad, and the good is not good. Therefore the unkind man, the good man also takes."
It is not clear here what Wang Bi means about the good and the unkind, but in chapter 49,"The good, I am good; the unkind, I am also good", and Wang Bi's note "Each because of its use is good, it is not lost.", it can be seen that Wang Bi thinks that good and bad people are good, and makes a good explanation.
The words and phrases of the Gongben on the River, Fu Yiben and the current Wang Biben are the same, and they all read "Therefore the good man, the teacher of the bad man; the one who is not good, the good man's asset", and everyone always understands this sentence.
In Changsha Mawangdui No. 3 Han Tomb excavated the book "Lao Tzu".
Among them, B is "Therefore the good man, the teacher of the good man, the bad man, the resource of the good man." ”
Therefore, it is believed that the book is "therefore a good man, a teacher of a good man, a bad man, and a good man's resources." "That's right. This is wrong.
Which statement is true, let's study it.
At the beginning of this paragraph, Lao Tzu gives what he considers to be the definition of goodness.
Lao Tzu gave five kinds of behavior: acting, speaking, counting, closing, knotting, these five behaviors Lao Tzu gave it a prefix "good", using the word good to describe these five behaviors, these five behaviors are doing certain things, good here means to be good at doing these things, and then write the degree of good deeds, that is, the degree of no one who has come before and after the ancients, that is to say, the best at doing certain things, reaching the point of almost the Tao.
Therefore, the good person in the old text is the person who is the best at doing something, that is, the person who is good at doing the Tao.
A person who is not good at doing something is a person who is not good at doing something, a person who is not good at doing the Tao.
This is where we are most confused, and it is often misunderstood to think of good as good and evil.
Then the phrase "Therefore the good man, the teacher of the bad man; the one who is not good, the one who is good." "It's easy to understand, and there's no ambiguity.
"The good man, the bad man's teacher.". This sentence is more understandable as plain as words. Those who are good at the Tao can be the teachers of those who are not good at the Tao.
"Those who are not good at people, the assets of good people", this sentence is somewhat difficult to understand. First of all, what does "capital" mean? Capital, goods also. Capital, accumulation also. By extension, resources. Whose resources, that is the resources of good people. What are the resources of good people? The resources of good people are unwholesome people, that is to say, all good people develop from unwholesome people to good people. Saints are always good at saving people, and they do not abandon others, and those who save are not good, and they do not abandon the unkind.
The meaning of this sentence: So those who are good at the Tao are the teachers of those who are not good at the Tao, and those who are not good at the Tao are the resources of those who are good at the Tao.
Because Lao Tzu said, "The good, I am good, and the bad, I am good, virtuous." So Lao Tzu is a great wise man, and he wants to bring both the good and the bad into the Tao.
Therefore, according to these, we believe that this sentence of the second book of the book is adapted by the tomb owner according to his own understanding, and it is simply the reading experience of the tomb owner, which is not advisable.