As Cao Shuang and Sima Yi entered the second round of the "Zhengshi Power Struggle", the balance of the situation gradually tilted to Sima Yifang. In this political environment, the "Sound of the Beginning" also entered the second round, when the genius metaphysician Wang Bi published his most important work, "Notes on Lao Tzu", at the age of eighteen. Wang Bi became famous as a teenager, but died young, and he died at the age of 23.
Wang Bi (226–249), courtesy name Fusi, was a Cao Wei classicist and philosopher during the Three Kingdoms period, and one of the representative figures and founders of Wei and Jin metaphysics. Wang Bi came from a bureaucratic family, and his great-grandfather was Liu Biao, one of the "Eight Juns" in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and a pastor of Jingzhou. His grandfather, Wang Kai, was the brother of Wang Cang, the head of the "Seven Sons of Jian'an", who visited the famous scholar Cai Yong in Chang'an in his early years and became a friend of the year. After Cai Yong's death, he gave all his books to Wang Xuan, and Wang Xuan usually searched for books, and in his later years, Wang Xuan's family had tens of thousands of volumes. It is precisely because of this family environment that he can read poetry and books and improve his literary literacy. His family is his greatest help, from a famous family, the family Chinese atmosphere is very good, often can be influenced by literary works.
Wang Bi
Wang Bi was already very intelligent when he was young, and when he was more than ten years old, he was a good old man and had outstanding eloquence, and he was on a par with Zhong Hui. When he was not weak, he was already recognized by the officials and literati at that time. When meeting with the official Pei Hui, Pei Hui felt strange at first sight and asked: "The husband has no one, the capital of all things is also true, but the sage Mo Ken spoke, and Lao Tzu Shen zhi has no one", Wang Bi replied: "The holy body has nothing, nothing and can not be trained, so it is not said." Lao Tzu is also a person, so Hengyan has nothing to lack." Later, it was also known to Fu Fu. At that time, He Yan was an official Shangshu, and he was also very surprised by Wang Bi's talent. Liu Tao, a native of Huainan, was good at his arguments and was recommended by the people of the time, and every time he talked to Wang Bi, he was often impressed by Wang Bi.
During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there was once a popular doctrine called "Fei Shi Commentary". Moreover, training is the most prominent feature of "troublesome explanation", and it also creates the beginning of china's discipline. After learning of this explanation, Wang Bi was able to elevate this doctrine to a philosophical speculative view. Moreover, when discussing the philosophical ideas contained in the famous work "Zhou Yi", it is recommended that everyone think from the ontology of Taoism. Philosophy is a very mysterious thing, the door of all the mysteries, the mysterious and mysterious, this kind of obscure thing is probably only a very few geniuses can peek into the mystery, and Wang Bi seems to be such a philosophical genius.
Although Wang Bi's life was short, he was one of the few important philosophers of the Wei and Jin dynasties. He wrote very richly, including "Notes on Lao Tzu", "Notes on Lao Tzu", "Notes on Zhou Yi", "Sketches of Zhou Yi", "Explanation of Doubts in Analects", "Three Volumes of Zhou Yi Great Yan Theory", "One Volume of "Zhou Yi Poor Micro-Theory", and "Yi Debate" volume. But his achievements do not lie in the large number of writings, but in the fact that his ideas have been widely recognized by later generations, opening up a new generation of academic ——— "zhengshi xuanfeng". His "Notes on Lao Tzu" was regarded as the highest classic for the interpretation of Lao Tzu for hundreds of years before the Tang Dynasty, and the "Notes on Zhou Yi" that he made was surpassed by no one before the Song Dynasty, and was officially regarded as the standard version of the interpretation of "Zhou Yi", until it was replaced by Zhu Xi's "Zhou Yi Benyi". Even today, Wang Bi's commentaries on Lao Tzu and Zhou Yi are still an important reference for us to understand these two classics. May be young and famous, held by people like the stars and the moon, has always been in a lofty posture, sought after and praised by everyone, so rarely care about the feelings of others, which may be a common disease of all young and famous children. But no matter what, it is Wang Bi who is proud, and his talent and ability are undeniable to all of us, and it is difficult for all of us to reach a height that is difficult for all of us to reach. In the first ten years (249), Cao Shuang was killed, and Wang Bi was implicated in the case and lost his post. In the autumn of the same year, he died of boils at the age of twenty-three.
Among the famous scholars of the Zhengshi Dynasty, there was he Yan, who appeared frequently in the history books like Wang Bi, and they were all very famous metaphysicians. Wang Bi's metaphysical thought was the most perfect, and He Yan was the first of the famous people in the beginning and the most eye-catching. Both Wang Bi and He Yan belonged to the "noble nothing" in metaphysics, and their thinking was similar. Here we will continue to talk about this "first" celebrity.
He Yan (何晏), courtesy name Shuping, date of birth unknown, died in the first decade (249) of the first decade of the reign of a native of Wan County, Nanyang Commandery (present-day Nanyang, Henan), and was a chancellor and metaphysician of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. After the change of Gaopingling, he and the general Cao Shuang were killed by Sima Yi and were exterminated by the three tribes. He Yan's father died early, and Sikong Cao Cao accepted his mother Yin Shi as a concubine, so he was adopted and favored by Cao Cao. When he was a teenager, he was famous for his talent show, liked the learning of Lao Zhuang, and married Princess Jinxiang, the daughter of Cao Cao. He Yan is "vain and untrue", and the evaluation of him in history is not very good, but he also has many "academic achievements" on his body. He was the leader of the famous scholars and the earliest metaphysician; he was the first to create the atmosphere of "Qing Tan"; he was also the most popular person to eat "Five Stones Scattered" during the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and it can be said that the two biggest characteristics of Wei Jin, "Qing Tan" and "Taking Medicine", all began from him.
He Yan
The Wei and Jin dynasties were rich in many beautiful men, and there were seven or eight who could be called "absolutely top style". And He Yan is one of them, He Yan not only looks outstanding, but also the skin is also very white and tender. He Yan was white like a jade man, and everyone around him wondered if he had applied powder. Once, Emperor Wei Mingxuan He Yan entered the palace and specially ordered someone to bring He Yan a bowl of boiling hot soup cakes and let him eat it on the spot, so as to see if he had applied powder. He Yan wiped his sweat while eating, and everyone watched carefully, only to see that his scarlet sleeves were brushed over, and his skin was still white, even more translucent than before. It turned out that He Yan's skin was really good. When He Yan was young, his mother was favored by Cao Cao and made him a concubine. He Yan was beautiful and clever, and Cao Cao liked him very much, not only recognized him as an adopted son, but was also treated the same as Cao Pi, who was very annoyed with this child, so he gave him a nickname - "fake son". Once, Cao Cao said to He Yan, you should simply follow my surname. Listening to Cao Cao's words, Xiao He Yan picked up the branches and drew a small circle, standing firmly in the middle, saying that this was the House of the He family. From then on, Cao Cao never mentioned his change of surname.
Cao Cao's fondness for He Yan was that he married his daughter Princess Jinxiang to him, and although the princess married a beautiful man, she was not happy at all. He Yan was beautiful and beautiful, but he was also very, and he did not pay any attention to this honorable lady. Later, he became a red man in front of Cao Shuang, and even the talented people of Emperor Wei Ming brought songs and dances to find fun. It may be that the daily drinking and pleasure is too empty, in order to seek excitement, he also borrowed drugs to help himself, and ate the Wei Jin "divine medicine" - "five stones scattered". This "five-stone scatter" is said to have originated from the famous doctor Zhang Zhongjing, which was specially used to treat typhoid fever, but the composition is also different from the later one. He Yan himself also said that the five stones were not only curative, but also more enlightened. And there are also strict rules for eating five stones, after eating, you must eat cold food, drink cold drinks, and take cold baths. In short, the colder the better, so it is also called cold food dispersion, but drinking is not in this restriction, and the wine must be hot. After the "cold food," you must also wear very little clothes to go for a walk on the street, which is called "scattering."
He Yan's metaphysical thought believes that Taoism is the "original" and Confucianism is the "embodiment", the two are not contradictory, and should be based on "nothing". He believed that "Tao" or "nothing" can create everything, "nothing" is the most fundamental, and "being" can exist only by "nothing", thus establishing the idealistic ontological doctrine of "nothing-based", "noble", and "lowly". It is also believed that saints have no joys and sorrows, and that saints are not tired of things and do not respond to things, so the Lord "saints are ruthless" said, that is, they believe that saints can be completely unaffected by external objects, but take "doing nothing" as the body. Ideologically, emphasizing "nature" over "famous religion" was often contrary to his actual behavior of fighting for power and dictatorship, so the famous scholar Fu Fu at that time said that he was "far away but close, argumentative but insincere, and the so-called person who overshadowed the country with a sharp mouth." As a result, many scholars have called the "sound of the beginning" an "awakening of human nature." He and the group of celebrities at that time often discussed and studied, and formed the most distinctive activity of Wei and Jin- "Qing Talk".
Regarding this great debate on the sound of the beginning, there were two groups of experts and scholars involved at that time, one wave was the "philosophical school" of He Yan and Wang Bi, and the other wave was the "romantic school" of Ji Kang and Ruan Yuan. The celebrities engaged in a debate about what the music really was. At that time, an official named Liu Shao wrote a "Treatise on Music", in which he advocated giving full play to the "ritual" function of music and letting the common people accept indoctrination. There is a "Book of Music" in the Book of Rites, which is dedicated to the role of music. "Music" believes that music is the reflection of people's feelings on external things, and the thoughts and feelings expressed by music are closely related to the social and political conditions in which people live. "The sound of ruling the world is peaceful and happy, and its government is harmonious; the sound of the chaotic world is angry, and its government is obedient; the voice of the subjugation of the country is mournful and thought, and its people are troubled." The way of sound is related to politics. "It can be seen from here that music education can promote political clarity and social order stability." As soon as Liu Shao's "Treatise on Music" came out, it immediately attracted everyone's attention, and celebrities stood up to express their views. So who is the first to stand up and express it?—— it is Ruan Yuan. He was silent for many years and soon came up with his first masterpiece. As soon as Ruan's "Treatise on Music" came out, it immediately attracted the attention of the academic community. Those metaphysicians who believe that Taoism is the original and Confucianism is the end cannot be seen anymore. So Xiahou Xuan, one of the famous scholars, wrote a "Debate Music Theory" to target Ruan Yuan, Xiahou Xuan felt that music was music and had nothing to do with state politics, so the sound of the beginning began vigorously, until Ji Kang's masterpiece "The Theory of Sound Without Sorrow" came out, and this controversy ended. #Headline History##Sound of the Beginning##Wang Bi##何晏 #
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