Shortly after the victorious end of the Long March of the Central Red Army, the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an enlarged meeting in the winter of 1935 (December 17-25) at Wayao Fort, at which the policy of establishing an anti-Japanese national united front throughout the country was formulated.
After the Wa Yao Fort Conference, in order to publicize the political propositions of the Party Central Committee on the resistance of the whole people to resist Japan, establish an anti-Japanese national united front, and promote the climax of the national War of Resistance with practical actions, in January 1936, the CPC Central Committee decided to cross the Yellow River to the east to resist Japan, reorganized the Red Army, and formed the "Chinese People's Red Army Anti-Japanese Vanguard Army", with Mao Zedong as the general political commissar and Peng Dehuai as the commander-in-chief.
On January 26, Mao Zedong led the "Eastern Crusade Troops" from Wayaobao (present-day Zichang County), passed through Yanchuan and Yanchang, and arrived at Yuanjiagou in Gaojie Village, Qingjian County, on February 5. It is only more than 20 miles from the Yellow River, where Mao Zedong rested for 16 days.
On February 6, Mao Zedong came to the village of Puziwa on the banks of the Yellow River near Yuanjiagou to observe the terrain, which was high and the view was wide.
In the early morning of February 7, Mao Zedong went to the Yellow River to observe the enemy situation, when the snow was getting heavier and heavier, and the mountains were covered in silver. Mao Zedong was particularly fond of snow in his lifetime, and when he first came to northern Shaanxi to see such heavy snow, his mood was even more excited.
He admired it with all his might, his mind leaping over, five thousand years up and down before his eyes. So many delicate rivers and mountains, from ancient times to the present, how many heroes have fallen for it. A wave of air swallowed the mountains and rivers of heroism stirred in his chest. An ancient song was born here:
Qinyuan Spring
Snow February 1936
The scenery of the northern country, thousands of miles of ice, thousands of miles of snow.
Looking at the inside and outside of the Great Wall, only the rest is reckless; the great river is up and down, and it is suddenly lost.
Mountain dancing silver snake, the original chi wax elephant, wants to be higher than the Tiangong test.
On a sunny day, look at the red dress, especially charming.
There are so many delicate rivers and mountains, causing countless heroes to bend their waists.
Emperor Han Wu of Qin lost his literary style slightly; Emperor Songzu of Tang was slightly inferior.
A generation of heavenly pride, Genghis Khan, only knows how to bend the bow to shoot large eagles.
Count the popular characters, and look at the present dynasty.
Among all the poems of Mao Zedong, only this "Qinyuan Spring Snow" is the most legendary from its birth to its public publication in Chongqing. To this day, this word has also been recommended as his best word by people from all walks of life and the broad masses of the people, and it is also recognized as his most courageous word. It can be said that "there is no ancient person before, and there is no one who comes after".
Here's how it went:
On August 28, 1945, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Wang Ruofei and other CPC delegations went from Yan'an to Chongqing to conduct peace talks with the Kuomintang.
On August 30, Mr. Liu Yazi, an old friend of Mao Zedong, a Kuomintang elder and famous poet, visited Mao Zedong at Guiyuan Garden,where Mao Zedong lived (Guiyuan was the official residence of General Zhang Zhizhong and was vacated for Mao Zedong). They met since 1926. Moreover, Liu Yazi also brought a seven-law poem to Mao Zedong:
Farewell to Yangcheng nineteen autumns, reunion handshake Xiyuzhou.
The heavens are brave and honest, and the people are still fighting and resting.
Linyu Cangsheng new country, Yunlei Qingshi old boat.
Zhongshan Carr double source, a smile Kunlun on top of the head.
On October 2, Mao Zedong invited Mr. Liu Yazi to visit the Chongqing office of the Eighth Route Army in Hongyan Village. Mao Zedong introduced to him that the Communist Party was sincere in its desire for peace, but the Kuomintang was not sincere enough.
Because Chiang Kai-shek had more than four million troops at that time, and with the support of the United States, he was well-armed, while the Communist Party had only more than one million troops, and the equipment was rudimentary, mainly "millet plus rifles." The gap in strength between the two sides is too great, and the negotiations are very arduous. Moreover, even during the negotiations, the Kuomintang continued to invade the Liberated Areas, so that Liu Yazi should not be overly optimistic.
Mao Zedong's conversation inspired Liu Yazi and returned home to give a poem:
You have to sit in the light of the wind and the moon, and calm down and relieve the prozac.
With Jun a seat of lung liver language, better than my ten years of firefly snow gong.
At the same time, Liu Yazi also attached a letter and asked Mao Zedong for a poem.
After receiving Liu Yazi's poems and letters, on October 4, Mao Zedong wrote back: "Sir poetry should be humbled, look down on Lu You Chen Liang, and read it to make people feel inspired." Unfortunately I can only read, not do. But one more of my readers is not an insult to Mr. No, and I am proud of it again. ”
After receiving the letter, Liu Yazi once again wrote a letter to write a poem and asked Mao Zedong for a poem.
Liu Yazi said: "Writing the poem "Long March" is also OK. In the end, Mao Zedong was really embarrassed to shirk it any longer, Mao Zedong thought that "The Long March" was not good, "Changsha" was written too old, Jinggangshan was even more bad, the two parties were negotiating, there was no need to repeat the old matter, and finally decided to give "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" to Mr. Liu Yazi.
On October 7, Mao Zedong sent him the handwritten "Qinyuan Chun Xue" on a page of letterhead printed with the words "Chongqing Office of the Eighteenth Group Army", and wrote to Liu Yazi, saying: "When I first arrived in northern Shaanxi and saw heavy snow, I filled in a poem that seemed to be slightly closer to Mr. Wang's poem, and the record was corrected. ”
After Liu Yazi received Mao Zedong's letter and words, his heart was greatly stirred, that is, he sang and sang a song "Qinyuan Spring, Ciyun and Mao Run's First Time to See the Heavy Snow in Northern Shaanxi, Not According to the Original Meaning":
Twenty years of reunion, a new word, meaning the clouds floating. Sighing green plum wine stagnation, Yu Huai was confused; the Yellow River was turbid, and the whole world was gushing. Neighbor Di Shan Yang, Bo Ren by me, drawing the sword is difficult to flat block high. Sad, weeping country peerless, absolutely charming.
Talent letter beauty and delicacy, look at the ancient words people bent waist. Count Huangzhou too defensive, jude arrogance; Jiaxuan resident, only to solve the complaint, laugh at Hu'er, Nalan Rongruo, Yan wants to be affectionate. The king and I will go up to heaven and earth and grasp this dynasty.
After the willow word "Qinyuan Spring", he wrote a self-poem after the word.
What is Paiwen? The text is a short article written behind articles, books, etc., and most of them are evaluative content. Here we may wish to transcribe it below, let us see how Liu Yazi, a generation of nouns, appreciated Mao Zedong's "Qinyuan Spring and Snow":
Yu Zhirunzhi, at the second plenary session of the Second Central Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang in Guangzhou in May 1926, Shi Runzhifang was also the director of the Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee. And in 1945, he revisited Yuzhou, shook hands and was confused, and could not overcome the vicissitudes of the Valley. Yu Suorunzhi wrote the Long March poem See Hui, but when he first went to northern Shaanxi to see the snow "Qinyuan Spring". In addition to reading, sighing is the first player since China had a word, although Su and Xin Yu failed to resist, the situation yu Zihu? Itch the trick and repeat this. ”
Later, Liu Yazi endured the pain of cutting love, and then transferred Chairman Mao's inkblot in "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" to the famous painter Yin Shoushi, who constantly asked him for it, and wrote another piece of writing, along with himself and his work, and sent it to him.
In this essay to Yin Shoushi, Liu Yazi continued: "Mao Runzhi Qinyuan Chun YiYi, Yu Tui is a song for thousands of years, although Dongpo, You'an, Jumumumu is behind, not to mention the Southern Tang Xiaoling, the Southern Song Dynasty slow words.
The sons of the CCP, forbidden to spread the remnants of the stream, are secretive, and use the words similar to the tone of the emperor, and the capital of those who are worried about the intentions; in fact, the small sections are in and out, how to hurt the light of the sun and the moon, the high sorcerer, the time of the day and the discussion of the run.
Yu Yirun's open-mindedness and generosity will never be humbled by this, otherwise why write with Yu Zhao. Love and the Way of Heaven, can not be heard, Grace is still inevitable from the ridicule of self-righteousness? Yu Ci Tan is stubborn, do not hide his madness, skill itch effect, to see the runzhi, the first inferior, especially ashamed of the ear!
Thin stone is both a portrait of Runzhi and a hero of ambition; he loves this word even more, wants to beg for his lack of way, yu endures pain, and writes and writes, and how many words are double-bi? Skinny stone its eternal treasure.
On October 21, 1945, Yaziji was recorded in Yulu, Jinnan Village, Yuzhou
Liu Yazi then copied Chairman Mao's words and his own compositions to Xinhua Ribao (the newspaper of the CPC Central Committee in Peidu, Chongqing at the time), and the person in charge of the newspaper believed that the publication of this poem should be requested from Chairman Mao himself, and at that time Chairman Mao had signed the "Double Tenth Agreement" and returned to Yan'an, and it would take time to ask for instructions.
Later, it was decided to publish Liu Yazi's peace words first. As soon as the willow word came out, it immediately attracted widespread attention, because people already knew from the inscription of his words that Chairman Mao wrote a poem "Qinyuan Spring and Snow". One
The Times and cultural people traveled in many directions, looking around, so there were some manuscripts circulating in private. The first to be first published in the newspaper was Wu Zuguang, who was then an editor in the Supplement of Xinmin Bao Evening Magazine, a private newspaper in Chongqing.
An incomplete manuscript of the poem copied by Wu Zuguang from three (or several places), which was put together intact, was published on november 14 in the second supplement of the newspaper, with the following words: "Mr. Mao Runzhi can write poetry, and it seems that little is known." There are those who copied the words "Qinyuan Spring and Snow", the wind tone is unique, the text is rich, and the boldness is unattainable. According to Mao's name, the game is not enough for the youth law, especially for outsiders. ”
As soon as the word came out, it was like an atomic bomb thrown into the Pacific Ocean, and the sound of its explosion and the wild waves that set off caused a sensation in the mountain city of Chongqing, shook the holy land of Yan'an, and spread to 9.6 million square kilometers of land in China. Overnight, people rushed to tell each other and talked about each other, which became a major news that lasted for a long time; from the young to the elderly, from the office to the teahouse, the comments and admirations were endless.
When Chiang Kai-shek learned of the praise of "Spring Snow in Qinyuan," he was greatly annoyed. He asked Wen Bichenbrai for his opinion.
Chen Brei said: "The momentum is magnificent, the air swallows mountains and rivers, and it can be called the best of the world." This further exacerbated Chiang Kai-shek's anxiety. He personally ordered the Kuomintang Central Propaganda Department to convene an emergency meeting to lay out the siege strategy. During the day and night, various newspapers controlled by the Kuomintang reactionaries published a large number of "Qinyuan Spring" in direct opposition to Chairman Mao, and also wrote articles attacking Mao Zedong for having "imperial thoughts."
Progressives in Chongqing's cultural circles also countered the kuomintang authorities' bad behavior. Guo Moruo first published his first poem "Qinyuan Spring" in the Xinmin Bao Evening Magazine, and then published it in the "Objective" magazine with Nie Cyan crossbow and a poem. Wang Ruofei's uncle, Mr. Huang Qisheng, also fought back with "Qinyuan Spring", and for a time two factions of "Qinyuan Spring" (the Qinyuan Spring of the revolutionaries and the Qinyuan Spring of the reactionaries) fought and danced with the earth over Chongqing, and "Qinyuan Spring" also became the mantra of thousands of citizens.
At the moment of this fierce debate, there was a very shrewd owner of a restaurant in Chongqing who immediately decided to take "Qinyuan Spring" as the name of the store, and hung Chairman Mao's "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" in the store hall to attract customers.
In December of that year, Wang Ruofei, who was in Chongqing, collected these words and articles and sent them to Mao Zedong. After Mao Zedong read it, he transferred it to Wang Ruofei's uncle, the educator Huang Qisheng, who was in Yan'an at the time. Mao Zedong also attached a letter: "If Fei sends a newspaper to pay for reading, after reading it, beg to return it." Among them, the Kuomintang curses people, crows and cicadas, can spray rice, and pay a look. ”
Link, Mao's secretary for international affairs, said in his essay "Remembering Mao Zedong to Learn English": "Mao Zedong also talked about the theme of several words he wrote himself.
On May 21, 1957, during a break from studying English, he said that the song "Spring Snow in Qinyuan" was anti-feudal. 'Cherish the Qin Emperor Han Wu, slightly lose the literary style; Tang Zong Song Zu, slightly inferior to the wind" is a criticism of feudalism from one side. You can only write it this way, otherwise you will not write words, but history. ”
On December 21, 1958, the author commented on "Qinyuan Spring Snow" on the brow of "Nineteen Poems of Chairman Mao": "'Snow': Anti-feudalism, a launching side of the criticism of two thousand years of feudalism. Literary style, wind and turmoil, big eagles, can only be like this, you must know that this is writing poetry! Is it possible to insult these people? The other interpretations are wrong, and the last three sentences refer to the proletariat.