Heart-eating insects are the most common and most harmful pests on apple, pear, peach and other fruit trees, which are called peach small heartworms, pear small heartworms, pear large heartworms, plum small heartworms, peach borer borers and so on according to the different types of fruit trees. Among them, the serious harm is the pear small heartworm, pear small heartworm also known as the Oriental fruit moth, peach heartworm, etc., referred to as pear small, for the lepidoptera fruit moth family pests. It mainly harms the new shoots and fruits of fruit trees, and once it is mothed into the stems and fruits, it is difficult for ordinary chemical agents to kill them. So, how can we effectively control the occurrence and harm of heart-eating insects?
Hazard characteristics
Pear small heartworm mainly harms new shoots and fruits, late drilling moth fruit caused by fruit fall, adult worms will lay eggs in apples, pears, jujube trees, plum trees and other calyxes and jujube stalks, the hatching larvae in the early stage of harming the young shoots of crops caused by folding, when the fruit into the expansion stage, began to harm the fruits of peach, pear, apple, plum and other fruit trees. The larvae mostly moth from the base, top or contact between the two fruits, and after 2 days, water droplets of translucent pectin flow from the borer hole, and soon the pectin droplets dry and shrink, leaving a small piece of white wax at the borer hole. With the growth of the fruit, the borer hole heals into a small black spot with a needle point, and the peel around the small black spot is slightly concave; after the larvae are eaten under the skin and inside the fruit, the concave submersible marks appear on the fruit surface, which are obviously deformed. Some larvae go straight to the heart of the fruit after entering the fruit and moth near the heart of the fruit. When the fruit is near ripening, the shape of the fruit is generally unchanged, but the worm path inside the fruit is filled with brown insect feces. After the larvae mature, they bite a round hole with a diameter of 2 to 3 mm on the surface of the fruit, and brown insect droppings are often accumulated outside the hole. The fruit loses its edible value.
Regularity of occurrence
Pear small heartworms generally occur in 3 to 4 generations per year, mainly with old mature larvae overwintering in gray-white long silky cocoons around bark cracks, trunk soil, fruit baskets, fruit banks, and fruit farms. In the spring of the second year, when the environmental conditions are suitable, the old mature larvae hatch into adults, generally the earliest in late March to see adults, the peak of adult occurrence in mid-to-late April, the first generation of larvae moths in May is slightly harmful, the peak period of the first generation of adults is from the end of May to the beginning of June, the initial larvae harm the fruit in June; the peak period of the second generation of adults is from the end of June to the beginning of July, the larvae continue to harm the tree slightly, the number of moths eating fruit increases, the peak period of the 3rd generation of adults is in early August, the peak period of the 4th generation of adults is at the end of August, and the end of mid-October is basically over.
Prevention and control methods
The control of heart-eating insects must be mastered before the larvae burrow into the fruit, in order to achieve the desired control effect.
(1) Booby trap adults: Adult pear heartworms need to release pheromones to find mates when mating, and use synthetic sex pheromones to attract male insects, so that males cannot find females, cannot mate and lay eggs, and reduce the number of larvae. It is an efficient, green and environmentally friendly method for controlling small pear heartworms.
Specific use: Before the occurrence of pear small heartworm adults, the misty silk is hung on the slightly thicker and better ventilated branches in the upper part of the fruit tree canopy, generally 1-2 per tree, and about 60 per acre. The amount of fruit trees on the 3 rows of fruit trees at the outer boundary of the control area should be doubled. It can effectively trap a large number of male moths, and the prevention effect can reach about 80%. The validity period can reach more than 60 to 90 days.
(2) Spray control: for some larvae, in the early larval stage, with 14% perchlorine · chlorellox benzene suspension 2000 ~ 3000 times liquid, the whole plant is evenly sprayed, because the agent has a good systemic conductivity, the agent can be transmitted in the xylem of the fruit tree, the agent is transmitted to various parts, the pest is completely killed, the effective period grows for more than 20 days, effectively control the harm of pear small heartworm.
The combination of the above two methods can effectively control the occurrence and harm of pear small heartworms.
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