No life is always painful, but it is easier for us to remember pain than joy and happiness. In a day, even if you encounter three very happy things, as long as there is one thing that makes you miserable, this day can be said to be a painful day.
In Wang Guozhen's words, it is: joy is the station of life, and pain is the voyage of life.
And this is Schopenhauer's basic view of the philosophy of suffering:
Pain is the essence of life.
In Schopenhauer's view, life is painful, hopeless, and all happiness and joy are only short-lived placebos.
But Schopenhauer, who said that suffering is the essence of life, is undoubtedly a wisdom that lives toward death in today's view!
To read Schopenhauer is sometimes not to accept his assertions about the pain of life, but to understand the wisdom he tells us about life.
Life is a mass of desires, and if desires are not satisfied, they suffer, when desires are satisfied, they are boring, and we oscillate between pain and boredom.
This is Schopenhauer's attitude toward people.
Sometimes I think about it, and it is.
If we do not find our own spiritual entertainment and blindly pursue the substances we want, then when the material is briefly satisfied, we will have a short period of confusion, there will be a short loss of purpose, and if there is no satisfaction, we will suffer, which is probably the experience that many people have.
You want something in your heart, so you work on that thing, you think about it all day, and one day you get it, and you are really happy at that time, but before long, you lose that happiness and have to find something else again.
And so on, until the end of this short and short life.
Schopenhauer is not wrong in saying that people oscillate between pain and boredom.
But there is another possibility, that is, to find another world outside of happiness, pain, boredom, where there are no such things, and there is essential satisfaction.
As he said, "Neither succumb to love nor hate; say nothing, believe nothing."
In Schopenhauer's Complete Works of Pessimism, Schopenhauer says that there is no purpose in life other than suffering as the direct purpose of life.
In Schopenhauer's view, pain is the background of life, and many of people's efforts are to get rid of pain and boredom.
So, in general, people are not for happiness, but for getting rid of suffering.
The reason why Schopenhauer said this is probably because people always have a deep memory of happiness and happiness, and for pain, even if it is only a little, it is also a deep memory.
And the existence of human memory often makes the pain of people infinitely magnified.
Suffering the same harm, the suffering of animals is short-lived, followed by the suffering of children, and the suffering of adults is the longest.
But in the end, pain is just how people feel about pain.
Just as the Buddha said: Being in a fiery fire, if you encounter a cool realm.
It follows that suffering is not the true essence, but the way people feel about things.
Nevertheless, our lives are still full of pain, and suffering can be seen everywhere, and what the Buddhists call the eight sufferings of life, birth, old age, illness and death, resentment and hatred, love and separation, can not be asked, can not let go, are all pain.
Birth, old age, illness and death, of course, everyone has.
But this is also a law of nature, why do we feel pain? Schopenhauer did not say, but we cannot fail to think of what Schopenhauer said about the philosophy of appearance and will, that everything seen with the naked eye is presented as a representation, that it is the appearance of the will, and that only the will is the truth of the world.
Some researchers in China say that the core of Schopenhauer's philosophy is the thinking of the Buddhists.
In fact, for most people, whether it is Buddhist thought or Taoist thought, our lives are all in our own lives, good and bad, suffering and pain, only we can understand.
And Schopenhauer said that life is really hard, and as far as the vast majority of people in this world feel, this is indeed the case.
Although Schopenhauer said that suffering is the essence of life, this understanding does not mean that Schopenhauer's life is painful.
Schopenhauer lived a rich life all his life, and ordinary people were troubled by money, and none of this existed for Schopenhauer.
In his early years, he followed his family's instructions and became a brilliant businessman, and later studied philosophy and became a brilliant philosopher.
But Schopenhauer was philosophically unfortunate, as he was, during his lifetime, philosophy was not recognized, and many years after his death, philosophy swept the world and became a craze, in fact, many philosophers and thinkers were recognized after death.
It is said that Schopenhauer and Hegel were teaching philosophy at the same university at that time, and every time he gave a philosophy lecture, Schopenhauer's classroom was full of people, or the representative sent by the class was to give the philosophy professor some "face", and Hegel's class was too crowded to sit down.
If Schopenhauer is miserable and his talent is not recognized, it is probably one.
In 1860, Schopenhauer died of pneumonia. In his last words, he said: I hope that those who love his philosophy will be able to understand his philosophy impartially and independently.
Nietzsche was Schopenhauer's successor, but he rejected Schopenhauer's doctrine of suffering, rejected Schopenhauer's pessimism, and instead affirmed the positivity of life, the affirmation of superman.
But Nietzsche's life was a tragedy.
At the age of 45, Nietzsche went mad and spent the last 10 years of his life in madness, and before that, his philosophy was also "menkoro sparrow".
Nietzsche may not be described as painful, but his life, from our point of view, was unfortunate.
Interestingly, Nietzsche has always advocated positivity, while Schopenhauer has always insisted on his pessimism.
It can be seen today that Schopenhauer's pessimism is optimistic, while Nietzsche's optimism is pessimistic.
So, when we read Schopenhauer, we feel a positive.
And when we read Nietzsche, although he speaks boldly, he still can't hide the pessimism and loneliness in him.
Life is not bitter, only I know, Dostoevsky said, I am afraid that I am not worthy of my suffering.
Therefore, whether it is bitter or not, it also depends on how to deal with it.
For the great mind, suffering, like happiness, is just an experience.
Wen |Di emperor Xiaoyu, I came from the mountains and want to go back to the mountains!"