Marigold seedlings, transplanting, field management, pest control technology
In the process of marigold seedlings, only by focusing on controlling the three stages of furrow fertilization, seed treatment and seedling management can the quality of marigold seedlings be guaranteed. The seedling breeding time is generally from March 25 to April 10, and it is best to choose the leeward to the sun, with better fertility and easy watering in the sandy land. 1) Fertilize the whole furrow. Before the marigold seedlings are bred, the plots should be leveled, and the decomposed farm manure should be applied on the seedbed to ensure that the soil fertility of the seedbed is sufficient. 2) When seed treatment, it is necessary to select high-quality varieties and remove residual grains and diseased particles. At the same time, the seeds were soaked for 6 to 8 h using 3 g of 75% bacillus clear wettable powder mixed with 3 kg of water, and after soaking, the seeds were taken out to dry, and then mixed evenly with 0.5 kg of sand and grass and wood ash. 3) Seedling management. Marigolds can emerge 5 to 7 days after sowing, at which time the film should be removed in time. After the emergence of marigolds, it is necessary to ensure that the temperature in the seedbed is 15 ~ 27 °C, not more than 30 °C, so as to effectively prevent the occurrence of burning seedlings. When the marigold seedlings have grown to 3 to 4 cm and the first pair of true leaves have unfolded, ventilation is carried out when the wind is low and the sun is full. When marigold seedlings grow to about 10 cm and the temperature is stable at 12 °C, they are generally ventilated from 8:00 to 9:00. At the same time, it should be noted that at night, be sure to build a small arch to avoid too low a temperature at night and frostbite marigold seedlings. At the same time, appropriate weeding and seedling control should be carried out.
2 Transplanting technology
When marigolds are transplanted, technical control should be carried out from three aspects: plot selection, soil treatment, and transplanting methods. 1) Plot selection. It is best to choose a plot with medium soil fertility and good water retention and fertilizer retention capacity, and at the same time ensure that the terrain is flat and has good drainage and irrigation conditions as much as possible. Wheat and corn stubble are the most suitable. 2) When the soil is treated, it is generally necessary to rake the land in time after the spring, and at the same time leveling the plot, it is necessary to apply reasonable fertilization, and every 667 m2 can be applied 50 kg of oil residue, 15 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 5 kg of urea, and 1 kg of zinc sulfate. It is also necessary to spray floreline on the surface, and the spraying of 100 to 120 g48% of flurolin per 667 m2 can effectively prevent the growth of weeds in the field. 3) In the process of marigold transplanting, it is necessary to use self-pressure drip irrigation cultivation under the width of 90 cm film, use a special hole punch, and make a hole according to the distance of 35 cm to facilitate transplanting. Transplanting is generally from April 20 to May 8. To keep the marigold row spacing at about 0.65 m, the plant spacing should be maintained at about 25 cm, and the number of plants per 667 m2 marigold should be 4 102. In the transplanting process, it is necessary to ensure that each plant has 2 to 3 pairs of true leaves, there are no diseases and insect pests, the height of the plant is 10 to 12 cm, and the stem thickness is more than 0.25 cm.
3 Field management techniques
Field management is a key link in ensuring marigold yields and for effective pest control. It is mainly managed from three aspects: cultivating soil, timely topping and water and fertilizer management. 1) Cultivate soil in the middle. When the marigold seedling is 20 cm high, the weeding should be cultivated in the middle, and the soil cultivation work should be carried out when the seedling height is more than 50 cm, so as to ensure that the plant produces two layers of root whiskers, promote the growth of marigold and deep roots, and effectively enhance the drought resistance and lodging resistance of marigold itself. The height of the soil should be carried out according to the standard of not burying the first pair of branch tops. 2) Timely topping. When the first bud grows at the top of the main stem of a marigold plant, such as the size of a corn kernel, it should be plucked in time. This can promote the branching of marigold plants and increase the yield of individual marigold flowers. 3) Water and fertilizer management. When irrigating, it is necessary to adhere to the principle of no drought, no irrigation, and a small amount of frequent drips. Marigold irrigation during the whole growth period should be controlled at about 16 times, the total irrigation amount of each 667 m2 marigold is guaranteed to be about 400 m3, before transplanting, it is necessary to drop the planting water, after colonization, it is necessary to drop the seedling water, and each picking should be dripped once, and at the same time, it should be fertilized according to the fertility of the soil and the needs of marigold growth. It should be noted that a single excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer, the whole growth period per mu of marigold should be fertilized 60 kg, and attention should be paid to controlling the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to ensure that it is 1:1:0.2. It is necessary to apply appropriate amounts of fertilizer according to the bud stage and flowering period of marigold flowers, mainly spraying. Foliar fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, amino acids, potassium sulfate, and zinc sulfate can be sprayed. During marigold picking, it is necessary to ensure that the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once at a time, which can effectively increase the weight of the single flower.
4 Pest control technology
When controlling marigold diseases and insect pests, it is necessary to adhere to the principle of prevention first and comprehensive prevention and control. 1) When preventing and controlling diseases, it is necessary to strengthen field management and improve the resistance of marigold plants, from mid-July to mid-August, marigolds are prone to brown spot disease, root rot, standing blight and leaf blight. During this period, it is necessary to carry out ventilation and light transmission management in the field, and at the same time to strictly control the amount of irrigation to prevent the occurrence of diseases, and can appropriately use drugs for prevention and control, generally using alum, manganese zinc, fungal poisoning and donning for disease prevention and control, and the prevention and control efficiency can reach more than 85%. 2) When controlling insect pests, it is necessary to control according to different types of insect pests. Common pest types include ground tigers and red spiders. Among them, red spiders generally occur from early July to late August, if the control is not timely, it may lead to the death of marigold plants, which will have a serious impact on the yield of marigolds, generally can be taken to avoid marigold drought, do a good job of field investigation in time to find the central plant to do a good job of spot control, you can use the obligate acaricide mite hazard 1 000 times liquid spray control, or use two-dimensional mycelhin 30 g per 667 m2 for spray control. The occurrence time of the ground tiger is mainly in the marigold seedling stage, which will seriously damage the roots of the marigold plant, resulting in plant wilting and death. It will cause a shortage of seedlings in the field and will also affect the yield of marigolds to a large extent. The main control method is to do a good job in autumn ploughing and winter irrigation, effectively reduce the number of insect mouths, pay attention to irrigation at the seedling stage, or spray systemic insecticides directly on the roots of the plant for control, or use poisonous bait for booby traps.
5 Picking techniques
In marigold picking, it is picked according to the standard of fully unfolded petals, full flower buds, bright colors, and no impurities. When picking, the length of the peduncle should be less than 0.5 cm and the diameter of the flower should be greater than 6 cm. Usually, marigold flowers are harvested in mid-July and are picked every 7 days or so, every 4 to 5 days from the middle stage, and every 7 days from the later stage. When picking, you should avoid picking dew flowers and rain flowers, and you should not accumulate too many flowers on the plants that can be harvested, so as not to cause too many plant wounds after a flower picking and infect diseases, resulting in low yield and harvest failure of marigolds. When harvesting, it is necessary to adhere to the principle of "three non-picking" of not picking on rainy days, not picking with dew, and not picking immature; marigold flowers after harvesting should be immediately sent to the acquisition station for preservation.
Marigolds can be foliar topdressing throughout the growth period and flowering harvesting period, especially after each flower picking, spraying foliar fertilizer and fungicides, because when the plant enters the flowering period, the roots have been partially lignified, and the nutrients absorbed from the soil are insufficient, and nutrients need to be replenished from the foliage, and the disease invasion is prevented and the plant is harmed, ensuring a bumper harvest and high yield of marigolds.