Spring and summer high temperature, high humidity and rainy season, grape diseases should be paid attention to every day, insect pests can not be ignored, insect pests not only cause physical damage to plants, but also carry pathogenic bacteria infected to other plants, so general diseases and insect pests are concurrent. So what are the most common pests of grapes?
First, missing gall mites
Commonly known as felt disease, grape rust ticks. It is found in the northern regions as well as in the grape-producing regions, causing a certain degree of loss every year. At first glance, this insect pest looks like downy mildew on the back of the leaf, and some farmers use fungicides to treat downy mildew, and the results can be imagined.
Hazard symptoms: mainly harmful to the leaves, when severe, it will also harm the young shoots, tendrils, young fruits and other parts of the grape branches; the later leaves show round or irregular necrotic spots on the front.
The main leaf is damaged, and after the damage, white spots appear on the back of the leaf, which gradually expand, and the front of the leaf is bubble-like and raised.
Pathogenesis: the onset of the disease begins at the base, gradually spreads from the bottom up, and occurs severely from May to June, and high temperature and rain will have a certain inhibitory effect on gall mites. Autumn temperature drops, there will be a small high level of harm, autumn is mostly young leaves suffer first.
Prevention and control methods:
1. Before germination, the use of 3 to 5 baumedo stone sulfur compound can kill the gall mites lurking in the buds.
2. In the case of found to be harmful to gall mites, avermectin emulsion, tetramethazine suspension and so on can be used.
3. In places where gall mites are serious, you can consider pyridoxine emulsion, pyritamide wettable powder, thiomethoxam emulsion and so on.
2. Green blind bugs
Except for a few areas such as Xinjiang and Tibet, it has occurred throughout the country. It mainly harms the leaves, flowers, shoots and young ears of grapes by means of prickling.
The insect body is small, occurs early, lies out at night, the harm is not obvious at the beginning, it is easy to be ignored, often because the prevention and control is not timely, causing leaf damage and affecting photosynthesis.
Symptoms of harm: The affected leaf is reddish-brown, with a necrosis point the size of a needle.
As the leaves grow, irregular holes occur in the site of the victim and wrinkles occur.
Pathogenesis: After the grape germinates, it begins to sting, starting in May, a generation will occur every month, and it will continue until September, so it must be prevented in the early stage.
1. Clear the garden in time in winter and early spring. Spray 3 to 5 baumedo stone sulfur compounds before germination.
2. Spray high-efficiency permethrin and other permethrin pesticides at the germination stage, paying special attention to the early prevention and control of newly planted vineyards.
3. Green blind bug prevention, spraying from the outside of the park to the park, the reason is that the green blind bug is highly migratory, from the inside to the outside, may fly away, generally in the warm afternoon medication.
4. Intercropping grapes with cotton and vegetables to strengthen the pest control of crops around the vines, thereby reducing the pests of grapes.
Third, smoked thrips
Grape tobacco thrips, also known as thrips. It has been widely distributed in China's grape-producing areas, and the harm to grapes has gradually become serious in recent years.
Harmful symptoms: mainly sucking the juice of grape buds and young fruits. Grape young fruit is affected, initially on the fruit surface to produce black-brown lesions, slightly concave, nearly round or striped; as the fruit particles expand, gradually become yellowish brown, slightly uplifted; after the expansion stage, cracking will occur, when the seeds are exposed in severe cases; leaf damage, the appearance of fine gray-yellow spots, severe time affecting growth and development, reducing yield.
The leaves are crumpled and inverted, with dark brown spots.
On the fruit surface, it produces black-brown infested spots, slightly concave, nearly round or striped.
Pathogenesis: In late May, the grapes began to have thrips hazard symptoms during the initial flowering period, mainly harmful to buds and young fruits, and gradually decreased after September. The temperature and humidity are too high, the incidence is low, below 25 ° C, the incidence is high.
Prevention and control measures:
1. Spray once before flowering, after flowering, or start spraying at the beginning of pest infestation, spray twice at intervals of 7 days.
2. Commonly used agent 2.5% bifenthrin water emulsion, chlorpyrifos emulsion, acetamidine soluble powder, avermectin emulsion, zolazolinamide emulsion.
3. When spraying, silicone additives and plant essential oil additives are added to improve the insecticidal effect.
Source: Farmer Farming Techniques
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