As an underwater ship, the biggest difference between submarines and conventional surface ships is that they can dive. So is it difficult to dive? Some people will say that diving is not difficult at all, submarines have water tank switches, floating up and down as long as drainage, irrigation can be.
In fact, the submarine operation is not simple, because after the submarine dives, it is necessary to control the height in the water, and the direction of progress, not so much that this is an iron can, but rather that this is an upside-down basin in the water.
First, how to dive the submarine
According to the explanation of foreign military experts for submarines, if ordinary people want to experience how submarines dive, they can buckle a basin in the bath basin filled with water. Why such a simulation? Because the state at this time is the most reflective of the state of the main pressure chamber when the submarine is sailing on the surface.
Many people ignore that the shape and structure of the submarine is different from the warship, in order to prevent the horizontal direction of the surface navigation, the bottom of the submarine will absorb some seawater as a "counterweight" to ensure the normal navigation of the submarine. Submarines obtain reserved buoyancy through the air in the main pressure chamber and remain floating on the surface. When personnel need to dive after completing combat readiness procedures, the submarine opens all vent valves located at the top of the main pressure chamber.
It's like opening a hole in the bottom of the basin at this time, and the basin will immediately sink into the bathtub because it continues to enter the water, and this is the so-called "submarine". It should be noted here that the submarine at this time is not diving into the water in a straight line. Since the speed of seawater is more than the submarine's own power, the submarine will enter an inclined state. The bow is facing down while using the negative buoyancy effect of the negative buoyancy chamber. When the submarine is fully underwater, it no longer relies on the negative buoyancy chamber, and the water in the negative buoyancy chamber is instead discharged through high-pressure air.
It is indeed difficult to imagine using words alone, for example, in the 1980s, Germany made a very famous submarine movie - attacking from the bottom of the sea.
Some of the details of the film give us an image of how the submarine dives. When the submarine dives, the crew moves toward the torpedo launch chamber in the bow. This kind of scene is generally called "rapid diving", in the era when the main action is to sail on the water, because the submarine can dive quickly will be related to life safety, so it is necessary to dive as soon as possible, even if it is one second earlier.
When the submarine reaches the specified depth, in order to balance the weight and buoyancy of the submarine, the adjustment device will be used to adjust the weight and front and rear balance of the submarine under certain conditions. Diving like this, which we call "general diving," is currently a relatively common method.
Of course, there are some special cases, such as the pressure hatch at the top of the submarine is not closed properly, so no matter how urgent the situation is, it is not possible to dive again. You must surface, close the hatches and then dive.
2. Submarine commander and oil pressure hand
Foreign countries such as Japan, when the submarine submarine is submarined, there will be a special submarine commander to command, and the hydraulic hand will cooperate with the operation to ensure that the submarine maintains the depth required by the commander's instructions.
The so-called "hydraulic presser" refers to the submarine's internal responsibility for ship maintenance, especially the maritime self-defense unit non-commissioned officers in the submarine section. The name originated from the Japanese domestically produced "Pro-Tide" submarine. The "Pro-Tide" submarine called the key valve of the hydraulic oil line that controls the opening and closing of the ventilation valve "zero-link hydraulic valve". This valve is very important and is juxtaposed with the operating panel of the pressure chamber control dashboard. After the instruction to open or close the ventilation valve is issued, the non-commissioned officer of the position needs to use skill to carry out the operation, and only experienced and qualified people can take on this responsibility.
Although Japan is now a self-defense force, the strict hierarchical system of the old army has not been lost. Although a non-commissioned officer in this position is not an officer, he cannot be equated with an officer. But the role is extremely important, in order to show its particularity, so it has a nickname of "oil presser", which is a bit of a craftsman spirit. When a submarine is operating in the water, the movement of personnel, changes in fuel and food reserves, torpedoes fired during combat, changes in the conditions of the sea outside, and changes in the speed of the submarine all affect the submarine's maintenance depth.
All the submarine commander has to do is constantly adjust the submarine parameters when these conditions occur all the time, trying to maintain depth. At this time, the operation of the submarine rudder and the transverse rudder will become the criterion for judgment. For example, when the submarine has just set sail, full of torpedoes, fuel, logistics, etc., the submarine is the heaviest at this time. If the operation remains unchanged, the result is not to keep the submarine at the same altitude in the water, but to dive deeper and deeper.
The submarine rudder is a pair of balanced rudders installed at the front of the submarine, and the steering personnel need to steer upwards to maintain depth. At this time, from the outside, it seems that the submarine is not diving in parallel to the surface of the water, but the bow is slightly upturned. However, modern submarines are also equipped with anti-aircraft and anti-ship missiles, and unbalanced submarines are not conducive to mastering the accuracy of launch, so submarines need to be balanced in the water as much as possible.
In order to counteract the effects of the submarine rudder, the rudder located in the rear of the submarine must be operated in the opposite direction. In recent years, there are not many film and television dramas depicting submarines at home and abroad, and we can analyze in detail through today's article: the bow of the submarine that enters the submarine is slightly upturned; if it is not upturned, then the front and rear balance rudder must swing in the opposite direction. If it is a submarine, once the diving operation is carried out, the submarine must dive into the water as soon as possible and remain stable. Therefore, the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force famously said that "the submarine commander is the star of the whole boat".
The meaning of this sentence is that the real captain of the submarine phase is not the captain, but the submarine commander. The commander uses various states to change the direction of the steering, while adjusting the water injection, drainage or storage transfer in the water tank. All the work was done to maintain the depth requirements of the submarine.
However, with the continuous progress of science and technology, there is no such thing as an "oil pressure hand". The valve was also changed to a solenoid valve, and with the application of programming software, there is more automatic induction between the valves, and there is no longer a need for a person to operate the hydraulic linkage back and forth.