During the period of dairy cattle breeding, it is necessary to pay attention to the prevention and treatment of reproductive diseases, and adopt scientific and effective diagnosis and treatment methods according to the specific symptoms of the disease. Endometritis, uterine abscesses, ovarian cysts and ovarian rest are the main types of diseases, to understand the clinical symptoms of each disease and use a variety of methods to diagnose, to facilitate the orderly development of follow-up treatment work, control the further development of dairy cattle reproductive diseases, reduce the elimination rate of dairy cows, is conducive to the healthy development of the dairy industry.
1 Causes of reproductive disease in cows
1.1 Feeding factors
During dairy farming, the growth and development of dairy cows and the functions of the body will be affected by feeding conditions, if the environmental conditions are not up to standard, it will affect the reproductive ability of dairy cows, if not according to the growth needs of dairy cows at different periods of time to provide suitable nutrition is easy to cause reproductive diseases. First, providing feed with a high protein content after cow production can easily cause negative energy balance in the body, which is an important factor affecting the reproductive capacity of dairy cows. Second, the nutrient content in the feed is unbalanced, and the vitamin and mineral content is not up to standard, which cannot meet the needs of the cow's body. Third, choosing inferior feed for cow feeding can easily lead to genital infections in cows or a situation where the fetal clothes are not enough.
1.2 Diseases of the uterus
Uterine diseases, if not treated in a timely and effective manner, can also have a greater impact on the reproductive capacity of cows, and they are also a type of reproductive disease. There are many types of such diseases, and the main reasons for the occurrence of uterine diseases are that there is no standardized midwifery behavior during dairy cow production, there is improper operation or incomplete disinfection, so that the cow's uterus is infected by microorganisms and causes various diseases. Or the failure to thoroughly sterilize the relevant tools and instruments used during artificial insemination of cows can also cause uterine diseases, which must be detected and treated in time so as not to affect their reproductive performance.
1.3 Abnormal ovarian function
Dairy cow ovarian dysfunction is more likely to involve a variety of types of diseases, if the treatment is not in place, it is easy to cause cows to be unprepared and thus affect the reproductive ability of cows. The more common diseases are follicular cysts, ovarian rest, etc., after the occurrence of such diseases, the ovarian function of cows will decline to varying degrees and will also cause uterine diseases. In addition, whether the nutrients in the feed are balanced and whether the cow exercise is sufficient are also factors that affect the function of the ovaries.
2 Diagnosis and treatment of reproductive diseases in dairy cows
2.1 Diagnosis and treatment of endometritis
Endometritis in dairy cows is a disease with a relatively high incidence in the breeding process, which is more common in the acute or chronic inflammation of the uterus after childbirth in dairy cows, which affects the milk production of cows after the occurrence of this disease, and in severe cases, it can also lead to infertility. The use of colposcopy for diagnostic examination is mainly to check the uterine secretions and determine the type of uterine disease according to the nature of the secretions, generally the diagnosis results will be compared with the scoring indicators to make an accurate diagnosis, which is a more commonly used dairy cow endometritis diagnosis method, the whole operation process is relatively simple. Cytology diagnosis and rectal examination are also commonly used, the former has a relatively high accuracy of examination to accurately distinguish between different types of uterine diseases, and the latter is relatively simple in operation but must ensure the professionalism of the operator [2].
Antibiotic treatment and traditional Chinese medicine treatment is currently more effective treatment methods for endometritis in dairy cows, the former does not need to invest more cost to obtain a more significant treatment effect, commonly used drugs are cefpirin and ceftiofurofuran. If such diseases occur after cows give birth, a higher cure rate can be obtained with the above drugs. The latter can regulate the immune system of dairy cows in the application process, and Gongshukang is a more effective treatment drug, which can obtain good results in the treatment of different degrees of endometritis diseases.
2.2 Diagnosis and treatment of uterine abscesses
Cows will have symptoms such as decreased appetite and lack of energy after the occurrence of uterine abscess disease, and rectal examination can see that there are more hard masses of different sizes inside the cow's uterus and there is a viscous pus inside. Treatment of this disease is mainly with drugs tetracycline and gentamicin. Intravenous injection is generally used every 2 days for 1 week. It can also be combined with uterine perfusion therapy to mix oxytetracycline with a 10% concentration of sodium chloride solution, the dosage is 8g and 500ml, respectively, 3 times a day.
2.3 Diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cysts
There are two main types of cow ovarian cysts, one is a follicular cyst, the other is a corpus luteal cyst, the follicular cyst is mainly due to the amount of follicle-stimulating secretin, resulting in a relatively high frequency of cow estrus, and the diagnosis with ultrasound is manifested as the presence of a black silent area with a diameter of more than 25 mm. Luteal cysts are caused by increased progesterone due to the luteinization of the follicle wall, resulting in long-term non-estrus in cows, and with ultrasound diagnostic methods, a black area with a diameter of more than 25 mm and an echo at the edge can be found. In the actual treatment process, HCG is mainly used to treat follicular cysts, intravenous injection treatment and intramuscular progesterone, the drug dosage is 5000-10000 IU and 100 mg, respectively, and the continuous medication is 5 days. Luteal cysts are treated with intramuscular injection of lutein-releasing analogues at an amount of 500 μg 3 times a day for 3 days.
2.4 Diagnosis and treatment of ovarian rest
The main symptom of ovarian quiescence disease is that cows do not have estrus for a long time. The size and nature of the ovaries are usually examined by rectal examination, usually the ovarian development is in a normal state but the surface is missing follicles and corpus luteum, and if the symptoms are still the same after a week, the disease diagnosis can be carried out. Intramuscular injection is mainly carried out with ethylene estradiol drugs, and the dosage is controlled at 20 mg each time. There is also a need to strengthen breeding management to provide enough nutrients for cows, and it is also necessary to allow cows to exercise appropriately to promote follicle development.
3 Dairy cow reproductive diseases have a greater impact on the production capacity of dairy cows, and disease prevention and control is the content that needs to be paid more attention to during breeding. Accurate diagnosis is the basis and premise to ensure the treatment effect, we must grasp the type and occurrence characteristics of reproductive diseases and take a variety of technical means for scientific diagnosis, based on the use of appropriate treatment methods, to ensure the treatment effect, the impact on the production capacity of dairy cows will be minimized.
Author: Sun Hongjun Veterinarian Research direction of animal husbandry and veterinary medicine and practical applications