Core reading
In industrial poverty alleviation, the development of the industry needs to adapt to local conditions and find the most suitable road for local conditions. But what industry is best suited? Sitting in the house holding your head, you can't think of it, you have to go to the field to dry and see. It is best to find the right way at one time, in case this road does not work, quickly change, quickly change. Try it, and the right way will be found.
The experience of Huangdong Village in Gangxiang, Jiangxi Is like this. The orange tree was terminally ill and had to be cut down. What to do? The young people of Huangdong Village thanked them for trying first and decided to plant a chickpeak tree instead. In the past few years, he has successfully changed production, and also led the establishment of professional cooperatives and industrial demonstration bases, leading surrounding fruit farmers and poor households to share the experience of planting chickpeas, and the road out of poverty has been opened again.
Five or six years ago, citrus dragon disease, known as the "citrus terminal disease," struck the area violently.
The diseased navel orange trees cannot be saved, only to cut down the trees and dig up the roots, and the navel orange farmers tearfully cut down the "rich trees".
"Gannan navel orange is the fruit of wealth." The navel orange industry has developed for more than 20 years, there are brands and markets, and the people in the township have tasted the sweetness. It turns out that the per capita navel orange orchard in the township is 2 mu, and each mu of navel orange conservative can bring 5,000 yuan of income, and the per capita income is easily more than 10,000 yuan. Wei Zhenming, secretary of the Party Committee of Zhengang Township, Anyuan County, Jiangxi Province, said that after the outbreak of citrus yellow dragon disease, more than 80% of the navel orange orchards in the township died out, leaving only some scattered orchards.
After cutting the navel orange, how does the industry go? What industry does it depend on to get rid of poverty and get rich? In view of the high cost of trial and error in conversion and the high risk of replanting navel oranges, the reporter walked into Huangdong Village and Zhangxi Village to understand the process of coping with the local industry after the setback of poverty alleviation.
Cut down the navel orange tree with pain
Difficult transition to chickpeas
【Voiceover】
What happens after the diseased navel orange tree is cut down? This made the villagers who had once backed the mountain to eat the mountain worry.
Some capable people took the lead, spent their minds, spent time, and tried and made mistakes step by step, and finally found the way to plant a chickpeas tree.
In 2013, the outbreak of citrus yellow dragon disease, young people in Huangdong Village thanked the analysis, the navel orange tree after the incubation period of two or three years, long pain is not as good as short pain, so he took the lead in cutting down more than 13,000 navel orange trees in his family.
Is it patiently waiting for the opportunity to replant the navel orange tree? Or do you switch to other industries? Xie Yi did not want to let his orchard sit idle and decided to switch production as soon as possible. What to plant? At first, he planned to plant fir trees, but it takes at least 10 years to grow, and time is really expensive; he still decided to plant fruit trees, at least the technology and experience of growing navel oranges is not!
Pomegranates, loquats, Brown Lee... Xie Yi tried to buy a variety of fruit seedlings to try to plant, but the situation was not ideal. At the same time, he has repeatedly visited Lianping County, Guangdong Province, more than 100 kilometers away from his orchard, to inspect chickpeas, the wholesale price of fresh peaches is more than 12 yuan per kilogram, and merchants often cannot buy goods. Considering that the climate, soil and other conditions of the two places are similar, Xie Yi was moved.
In the spring of 2014, Xie Yi ordered 3,000 chickpea seedlings with hope, clearing the mountain, the whole belt, drilling, planting seedlings, fertilizing, weeding, spring to autumn, peach seedlings slowly growing. At this time, Xie Yi found that the varieties of peach seedlings planted were messy, please come to the professional master to identify, actually 40% are messy varieties, he endured the pain of peach, nectarine, peach seedlings, etc., directly lost more than 80,000 yuan, but also delayed a year. At that time, the villagers of Huangdong were not very optimistic about the chickpeas, worried that Xie Yi would lose everything.
"Can you raise your own seedlings and cultivate pure chickpea seedlings?" It is useless to sit and wait, but thanks for collecting chickpea branches from the orchard of origin for grafting, thus ensuring the purity of the variety. Due to the lack of experience in planting and managing peach trees, one problem after another has arisen. Xie Yi immersed himself in reading a large number of peach tree planting books, and went to the peach tree planting areas in Shandong, Hubei, Guangdong and other places to learn from old fruit farmers and planting enterprises. In recent years, Xie Yi has devoted most of his energy to chickpeas, learning from them everywhere, and exploring them in combination with the actual situation, slowly summarizing a set of practical techniques for managing chickpeas trees.
In 2016, nearly 6,000 chickpeas planted by Xie Yi began to bear fruit, and the income reached more than 1 million yuan. "Plant the chickpea tree, start bearing fruit in the third year, and then pay for itself in the fourth year." Xie Yi said that in recent years, he has developed chickpeas, constantly tried and made mistakes, and the cost of transformation and conversion is higher, and his own chickpeas have been successfully converted in the past two years.
Establishment of professional cooperatives
Capable people help poor households
The cost of trial and error in switching production is not small, and the experience in transformation is also valuable.
Party members play an exemplary and leading role, capable people take their fellow villagers to go, summarize, promote and copy the successful experience of personal transformation, and lead the villagers to make progress together.
As a member of the Communist Party, Xie Yi did not forget the poor masses around him. He led the establishment of the Huangdong Farmers' Professional Cooperative in Anyuan County with family growers, and established a chickpea industry demonstration base, named "Taoyuan Mountain Villa". Through the adoption of the "cooperative base farmer" model, the surrounding fruit growers and poor households are led to jointly switch to the cultivation of chickpeas.
Aunt Xie Kunyue, a 66-year-old poor household, has been cooking in "Taoyuan Mountain Villa" for a long time, with a monthly salary of 1500 yuan. After his 10 acres of navel orange orchard was cut down, Xie Kunyue was once very confused and anxious, the most direct and stable income was gone, and he did not know what industry to develop.
"We rely on the mountains to eat the mountains, and the mountains can't be idle." Xie Kunyue said that seeing xie Yi dare to invest in the cultivation of chickpeas on a large scale, he also followed suit. In 2015, with the chickpea seedlings provided by Xie Yi for free, Xie Kunyue planted more than 300 plants. "See how Boss Xie plants, I will follow how to plant." Recently, she has completed the work of clearing, pruning and fattening her own peach orchard.
In 2017, Xie Kunyue's chickpeas just began to bear fruit and sold for more than 7,000 yuan. In 2018, it sold for more than 16,000 yuan. "Peach trees grow so fast, their income will increase year by year, and their lives will be better." Xie Kunyue said happily.
"Poor households themselves do not have much capital, and there are definitely risks in switching to production and trial seeds, and it is very likely that they will be put into vain." Xie Yi said that the chickpea base first provided more than 20 jobs to ensure that poor households have something to do nearby and can earn migrant income. The most important thing is that their own development has led villagers and poor households to dare to switch to the cultivation of chickpeas.
In recent years, the cooperative has donated more than 20,000 chickpea seedlings to poor households free of charge, and according to the production characteristics of chickpeas, it has held technical trainings such as pruning, fertilization and disease prevention in a timely manner, and has taken the initiative to go to the orchards of poor households for technical guidance. Cooperatives also help poor households buy and sell chickpeas. "One acre of peach per household, poverty sees you flee" "One acre of peach per capita, well-off early arrival" has become a true portrayal of cooperatives.
A combination of long and short industries
Choose the opportunity to replant new orange seedlings
The development of industries should be adapted to local conditions, and the transformation of production should also be adapted to local conditions.
Combined with the actual situation of each village, choose the industry that has achieved short-term results to top first, and then find a suitable opportunity to turn back to the dominant industry. Summing up lessons and making up for the dead is a good way.
Zhangxi Village, Zhengang Township, is a deeply impoverished village in Jiangxi Province, the geographical location is remote, the impact of Huanglong disease is relatively small, some navel orange orchards have survived, and the navel orange production in 2018 is about 1.5 million catties.
Walking into the black fungus steel frame greenhouse of the edible mushroom base in Zhangxi Village, a string of fungus bags are hung up and neatly arranged, and the small black fungus has drilled out of the fungus bag. All 30 poor households in the village have participated in the cultivation of black fungus. At the same time, the village has also built a 100-mu purple potato base and a 150-mu sweet potato base, which basically covers all poor households and increases the direct migrant income of villagers. Through the development of these short-term industrial projects, the per capita income of poor households increased by 1500 yuan to 2000 yuan.
Zhang Aihong, deputy secretary of the Party Committee of Zhengang Township and secretary of the Party Branch of Zhangxi Village, introduced that while developing the "short and flat" industry, whether it is poor households or non-poor households, villagers are looking forward to replanting navel oranges over the years. Due to the potential risk of yellow dragon disease, everyone has been waiting for the right time.
In 2018, Zhangxi Village plans to resume production of more than 3,800 acres of navel orange orchards. Climbing up to the more than 600 acres of Navel Orange Re-production Demonstration Base in Yangjiaowan, the new seedlings of navel oranges on the reclaimed strips swayed in the wind, and the production road in the Navel Orange Garden became a cement road, and the most obvious change was that the Navel Orange Orchard was no longer concentrated in contiguous pieces, and there was enough space for ecological isolation forests between the orchards. In order to minimize the risk of huanglong disease, Anyuan County concentrated on the breeding and supply of detoxified navel orange seedlings, and rejected the navel orange seedlings cultivated by fruit farmers themselves. Zhangxi Village provides free navel orange seedlings for poor households, so that navel orange trees can bear fruit as soon as possible.
Due to the outbreak of Huanglong disease, Liu Maochun, a poor household in Zhangxi Village, cut down more than 800 navel orange trees in his family five or six years ago, leaving only about 200 navel orange trees. "In previous years, the purchase price of navel oranges was two or three yuan per kilogram, and the recent purchase price was more than four yuan, and the e-commerce sales of ten kilograms of packages can be sold for seventy or eighty yuan." Liu Maochun tasted the sweetness of navel orange even more.
Replanting navel oranges is afraid of re-infecting yellow dragon disease, Liu Maochun waited for five or six years, in 2018, Liu Maochun in accordance with the government's replanting plan, will be his own long-abandoned mountain weeding and sorting, planning to detoxify the navel orange seedlings all planted. "Where there were more than 800 plants in the past, now up to 500 plants are planted, and other places should be planted with fir forests as isolation zones." Liu Maochun said happily that the hope of getting rid of poverty and getting rich lies in these new seedlings of navel oranges.
"We encourage the resumption of navel orange production in places where conditions permit, and we must develop ecological navel orange orchards." Wei Zhenming said that the local poverty alleviation should take the industrial road of diversified development with the resumption of navel orange production.