Editor's Note:
Do you know? The world's widest bridge has been built in Chengdu.
Chengdu's east-west urban axis starts from Qingcheng Road in Dujiangyan City in the west and reaches the boundary of the outer city of Dujiangyan in the east, with a total length of 149.2 kilometers, divided into three sections: west, middle and east. Among them, the Tuojiang Bridge is located in the eastern section of the Jianzhou New Town area, according to the design scheme, the maximum width of the bridge is 79 meters, and the standard width of the main girder is 68 meters. After the completion of the Tuojiang Bridge, it will surpass the world's widest bridge, the Egyptian Banzai Bridge with a width of 67.3 meters, and become a new Guinness Book of Records.
The Tuojiang Bridge is also a bridge where "appearance and strength coexist". The main tower of the bridge extracts the soft outline of the hibiscus flower, creating the shape of the original flower bud-like space bridge tower; by refining the shape of the sun god bird, the side façade of the bridge is constructed into the shape of the god bird, and the anti-pull cable-stayed cable is just like the wing of the god bird. It has constructed a unique beautiful scenery of "jinsha god bird circling the sun, Jincheng hibiscus open in the water".
Throughout the ages, there are many bridges built in Chengdu, such as the Nine Eyes Bridge, the Rainbow Bridge, the Wanfu Bridge, etc., which are not only the memories of generations, but also the bridges full of stories. A few days ago, the Red Star News Culture Channel planned to launch an exclusive column series of Bashu cultural expert Yuan Tingdong, following the | of Dong See Wenbo (6). The world's widest bridge was built in Chengdu, and after listening to Yuan Tingdong tell the story of the Chengdu bridge, and watching Yuan Tingdong recall more of the bridge past.
Called rainbow bridge for decades, a beautiful misunderstanding?
The name of Rainbow Bridge in Chengdu is well known to everyone. But you know what? Rainbow Bridge is not actually called Rainbow Bridge, but South River Bridge.
On the north side of the current Rainbow Bridge, outside the old city wall (which has been demolished) on the South River, there used to be a riverside street called Willow Shade Street. In recent years, during the renovation of the Fuhe River, Liuyin Street has been completely demolished, and today's Jinli East Road was built on the basis of Liuyin Street and several other old streets. Before the demolition, Liuyin Street was a very typical riverside street in Chengdu, with small bungalows, green tile roofs, paved doors, paulownia trees, small tea houses... One afternoon in September 1990, the famous writer Sanmao came here and seemed to find something she had been looking for for a long time, or entered a tea house, or entered a small courtyard, or sat barefoot, and The Chengdu photographer Xiao Quan took a group of photos. Sanmao is very fond of this group of photos, especially the photo of sitting barefoot and looking at the right front, which has become a classic representing the image of Sanmao.
Writer Sanmao Photography Xiao Quan, 1990
After the reform and opening up, Chengdu newly built the southern extension of Dongchenggen Street, which is now Wenweng Road. This road goes all the way south to the famous Wuhou Ancestral Hall, and if it leads directly to the Wuhou Ancestral Hall, a new bridge needs to be built on the South River. In 1996, after nearly a year of intense construction, this new bridge that stands on the South River like a flying rainbow came into being, named Dongchenggen Street South Extension Line Nanhe Bridge (because of its proximity to Liuyin Street, short-term commonly known as Liuyin Bridge), the bridge deck is 34 meters wide, the bridge is 65 meters long, and the three arch ribs are like three gorgeous rainbows across the sky, so although the bridge body is clearly inscribed with the three characters of "South River Bridge", romantic Chengdu people still call it "Rainbow Bridge".
Since 2001, Chengdu has spent five years to solve the problem of traffic congestion in the city, and has carried out the famous "unimpeded project". Rainbow Bridge has once again been given the opportunity to makeover and become a graceful fashion bridge. In recent years, with the blessing of the bright lights project, the rainbow bridge at night has become a new landscape in Chengdu.
Rainbow Bridge (Red Star News Infographic Photojournalist Zhang Zhi)
The Rainbow Bridge on the South River is loved by the citizens, so Chengdu has also built such a beautiful arch bridge on the Beimenfu River. In order to distinguish them, Chengdu people call them the "North Gate Rainbow Bridge" and the "South Gate Rainbow Bridge" respectively. In fact, the official name of the "North Gate Rainbow Bridge" is Xinghui Bridge.
Today, Rainbow Bridge is more than twenty-five years old. It has always existed under its "stage name", and it seems a little unhappy that it cannot live under its real name. But isn't that another kind of fulfillment? The beautiful misunderstanding caused by the name of Rainbow Bridge is the manifestation of the romantic character in the bones of Chengdu people. This also gives urban construction workers a wake-up call, in the future to name buildings, can we not be so positive? Can it be a little more romantic or even a little more funny?
Wanfu Bridge, a blessed bridge
Wanfu Bridge, is it not ordinary just to hear the name? Yes, it's really not ordinary.
Wanfu Bridge is located between Renmin North Road and Renmin Middle Road, commonly known as Renmin North Road Bridge, which was built in the early days of the founding of New China to open up the passage between north railway station and the city center. It is called "Wanfu Bridge" because there was an ancient bridge here called Wanfu Bridge. The name of the old Wanfu Bridge is due to the Manfukuji Temple not far from here. The temple was called Jingzhong Temple in the Tang Dynasty, and the Ten Thousand Buddhas Temple and Wanfu Temple in the Ming Dynasty, which was destroyed during the Zhengde period of the Ming Dynasty. Although Wanfu Temple has long since dissipated into the dust of history, the name of Wanfu Bridge has been passed down.
Red plum blooming by Wanfu Bridge (Red Star News Data Map)
The time of the construction of the bridge at Wanfu Temple is unknown, but the earliest record is in the "Chronicle of Chengdu County" during the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. The last restoration in the Qing Dynasty was in the thirteenth year of Guangxu (1887), located downstream of today's Wanfu Bridge. It is a stone pier wooden covered bridge with "five zhang long and more than one zhang wide". The bridge is covered with wooden columns and galleries, with pavilions at both ends, and there are often vendors selling on the bridge. The biggest feature of this bridge is that there are temples at both ends and in the middle of the bridge. There is Dongyue Temple on the north side of the bridge, Shuishen Temple on the south side of the bridge, and a mini-type small temple in the middle of the bridge. Where there is a temple, it must be a densely populated place. At that time, this place was located in the northwest direction of Chengdu on the main road into the city, and the timber market was also located near here, which was one of the most noisy areas in the northwest of the city. The famous Chen Po tofu was born at the head of the crowded Wanfu Bridge.
There is a gold plaque on the bridge head arch of the old Wanfu Bridge, which reads "Wanfu Lai Chao" in four large characters. In the past, chengdu people regarded this gold plaque as a mascot for blessings and blessings. When the newlyweds get married, many people have to carry the flower palanquin here to cross the bridge once, called "stepping on the bridge", to pray for good health and auspiciousness, which is a very lively content in the folk culture of Chengdu at that time, and it is the precursor of the "love zebra crossing" in Hejiang Pavilion today. In addition to newlyweds, during the Spring Festival before the fifteenth day of the first month, many people also came to Wanfu Bridge to "step on the bridge" for auspiciousness. This practice remained until 1947.
In the summer of 1947, the ancient wooden covered bridge was washed away in the largest hydrologically recorded flood in Chengdu (more than 60 bridges in Chengdu were destroyed that year). At that time, it was not restored as it was, and only a simple wooden bridge was built for pedestrians. Unfortunately, the wooden bridge was again washed away by floods in 1954. The wooden bridge that has been restored again is also a simple wooden bridge. In 1959, upstream of the old Wanfu Bridge, a reinforced concrete bridge connecting Renmin North Road and the city center was completed and opened to traffic, and the old bridge was naturally abandoned. Originally called Renmin North Road Bridge, the new bridge was officially named Wanfu Bridge in 1981, retaining the "Wanfu" element and becoming the memory of the ancient Wanfu Bridge in history.
The new Wanfu Bridge has a number of large and small "Fu" characters, and a huge bat is carved in the middle of the bridge, which is still a symbol of the traditional "Fu". From the ancient holy place of prayer to today's traffic artery, although Wanfu Bridge has lost the fireworks of the past, it is still a memory slice of the profound influence of the prayer culture on the Chinese's life concept and lifestyle.
Dongmen Bridge, the Sichuan Army Resistance From here
Talking about the East Gate Bridge, most of today's young people think of the bustling financial street. As the older generation of Chengdu people, although they also have prosperity in their memories, they are more of a deep remembrance of the heroic soul of the Sichuan Army.
The "East Gate" of the East Gate Bridge, as Chengdu people call it today, is the city gate cave of the old Chengdu in and out of the East Gate, which was called Yinghui Gate in the Qing Dynasty, and is the most lively city gate in Chengdu. There is an old bridge outside the gate, which is called the East Gate Bridge. In the past, when there were no planes, trains and cars in Chengdu, it was necessary to go out of the far gate, one was to take a boat south through the Funan River, and join the Yangtze River in Yibin to reach the sea; second, it was to walk out of the East Gate to cross the Niushikou, over longquan Mountain, to Chongqing and beyond.
The earliest record of the Dongmen Bridge is found in the Song Dynasty, when the Song Dynasty Huang Xiufu called the bridge Maojin Bridge in the Maoting Guest's Tales, also known as Maojin Bridge in the Ming Dynasty, and renamed Changchun Bridge in the Qing Dynasty. It can be seen that the ancients not only maundy brocade in the South River, but also in the Fu River, both rivers were beautiful and clear mother rivers in ancient times. In the fifty years of The Qianlong Dynasty (1785) and the twelfth year of Guangxu (1886), the Dongmen Bridge was rebuilt twice to form a three-hole stone arch bridge with stone railings on both sides. After the founding of New China, the Dongmen Bridge has been expanded and transformed on a large scale many times, and the figure of the ancient bridge has long ceased to exist.
Dongmen Bridge in the 1940s (remade from "Chengdu City Construction Century Classic Album")
In the memory of the older generation of Chengdu people, entering the city from the East Gate and stepping into the East Gate Bridge, you can see the monument statue standing in the City Gate Cave to commemorate the Sichuan Army's anti-Japanese resistance. The statue was erected in 1944, and the old Chengdu people called it the "Monument to the Unknown Heroes". The statue is of an anti-Japanese soldier who went out of Sichuan in the past, with straw shoes on his feet, holding a large knife, wearing a bucket hat, his eyes shining with energy, looking directly to the east, with a fearless face.
The so-called no river is no army. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Sichuan Army sent more than 3.5 million troops, 640,000 passengers died in foreign lands, accounting for more than a quarter of the country's troops in the same period. Under the conditions of completely not having a war against Japan, the Sichuan Army's bravery in combat, the brilliant achievements in battle, and the heavy casualties can be described as earth-shattering and ghostly.
People's Park (Red Star News Image Photojournalist Liu Haiyun)
After the Sichuan army left the sichuan, most of the troops swore an oath from Shaocheng Park (People's Park), left the city gate hole from the East Avenue, crossed the East Gate Bridge, and rushed to the forefront of the anti-Japanese resistance. The Dongmen Bridge is a necessary place for hundreds of thousands of Sichuan troops to go to the front line, and it is also the place where the British souls of the fallen soldiers return. And this statue is a masterpiece of Mr. Liu Kaiqu, a famous sculpture artist in China, who carries the hopes of the people of Sichuan, works hard and takes years to complete. It is meaningful to place this statue here.
Some old adults will have such memories: in the middle of the night of the cold winter moon, there will always be a bowl of steaming rice balls in front of the "Monument to the Unknown Heroes". That is the heart of the people of Chengdu.
Monument to the Anti-Japanese Fallen Soldiers of the Sichuan Army (Red Star News Image Photojournalist Wang Hongqiang)
The bucket shifted from star to star, and this monument to the anti-Japanese martyrs of the Sichuan Army finally returned to the gate of the People's Park, returned to the place where they set off, still facing the east, and regarded death as a homecoming. Now, the city wall is gone, and the city gate cave no longer exists, but the names of The East Gate, the East Gate Bridge, and the East Road that have grown up with generations are still used today. Now, the war is gone, the country is rich and the people are strong, and the image of the bravery and fearlessness of the Sichuan army is still deeply imprinted in the hearts of the people of Chengdu and will never be forgotten. In my eyes, there was still the steaming bowl of rice balls.
The South Bridge, the most beautiful covered bridge, has changed in the past century
The covered bridge is a combination of bridges and houses, not only has the functions of rest, trading, exchange and entertainment, but also a public cultural space for worshiping the Zongmiao Temple. The most famous corridor bridges in Chengdu are the Anshun Covered Bridge and the South Bridge of Dujiangyan. Among them, the South Bridge is loved by Chengdu people because of its reputation as the first bridge at the source of the ancient Shu River.
The snow melting of the Min Mountains brings clear water from the Min River, which is tumbling from Dujiangyan into two and two into four, gradually forming a huge irrigation system, breeding the fertile Chengdu Plain. The South Bridge, located on the minjiang river on the lower side of the baoquan mouth of the Dujiangyan canal head project, is the first bridge of the source of the river.
Dujiangyan South Bridge (Red Star News Source)
The South Bridge is about 45 meters long and 10 meters wide. Stanley zhu sill, bridgehead heavy eaves pavilion, carved beam painting building, simple and gorgeous. The bridge body poetry painting plaque, painted sculpture and carving art are perfectly integrated, and it is a beautiful "water art museum" with true qualifications. Standing on the South Bridge and looking upstream, the Qianli Min Mountain is picturesque, looking back downstream, the rolling water of the Min River is surging and surging. As night falls, the South Bridge, which is just illuminated, has another scenery, the beer square is full of people, and the street performers do their best to show their talents, and the shouts, songs, and laughter are intertwined here. The colorful neon reflections into the river are very beautiful, adding a bit of excitement to the south bridge that is suitable for quiet and moving.
Don't look at the gorgeous and dazzling South Bridge today, I didn't think it had come all the way, and I had also experienced suffering and weathered.
The South Bridge was originally named "Lingyun Bridge", which was later renamed "Lingxu Bridge", and was renamed "Puji Bridge" in the Qing Dynasty. Because it is only more than 100 steps away from the south gate of the old guanxian city, it is a straight road, so it is commonly known as the South Bridge. It has undergone an evolution process from rope bridges, wooden pile bridges, stone barrier bridges, stone and wood structure bridges to the combination of reinforced concrete and wooden structures.
The name of the South Bridge was first seen in the Puji Bridge inscription of the Republic of China's "Guanzhi Wenzheng": "Puji Bridge, a South Bridge". There are already bridges built on the Neijiang River, and Li Bing built seven bridges in Chengdu when he repaired the Dujiangyan system project, and he should also build one here. Today, the Puji Bridge in front of us has changed from an ordinary wooden bridge to a wooden covered bridge, which began in the fourth year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty.
According to Guangxu's "Guanxian Chronicle", in the winter of 1878, Ding Baozhen was in charge of the overhaul of Dujiangyan, and the work was completed to repair more than 2,000 silver and more than 2,000 yuan, so he built the Puji Bridge. The bridge was washed away in 1898 during the flooding of the Min River, and the gallery collapsed. After repairs, it was forcibly demolished due to the war in 1933. The south bridge repaired after the war was added with a "walled gate", which was open during the day and closed at night. In 1958, floods broke out again on the Min River, and drifting logs blocked the bridge hole, and the South Bridge was destroyed again. Subsequently, the Minjiang Water Transport Office rebuilt the South Bridge, changed the wooden bridge pile to concrete piers, and the Puji Bridge was officially renamed "South Bridge". Because the South Bridge was often washed away in the past, Dujiangyan has always been circulating the slang phrase "Guanxian out of the south gate, no road".
After the reform and opening up, Nanqiao ushered in the peak moment of its life. The bridge deck was widened, and the wing corridor, bridge body and passage were expanded, becoming a splendid ancient covered bridge-style scenic bridge. After the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, the South Bridge was identified as a dangerous bridge. After nearly 100 skilled craftsmen nervously repaired, it finally showed its current sparkling appearance.
In the corridor, color paintings such as "Guyan Love Rhyme" and "Qingming Water Release Map" are magnificent and shocking. Du Fu, Lu You, Cen Shan, Yang Sheng'an, Guo Moruo, Yu Qiuyu and dozens of other poets and poets are listed on it. At the head of the bridge, there are rare birds and strange beasts with painted sculptures, and various story characters such as "Hai Rui Dismissal" and "Water Flood Golden Mountain" come to life. Today's South Bridge, compared with the past, has been reborn as a water art museum with both visual enjoyment and functional output, and has been included in the ninth batch of historical building protection list in Chengdu.
【Bridge named after number】
In the past, there was a pair of fun links, which were made up of the names of Chengdu's old streets named after numbers: "Three Officials, Four Saints, Seven Lanes, And One Hundred Lives and Thousands of Blessings Bridge." "Three plus four in the upper league is addition; in the lower league, it is a hundred and thousand, which is a position." In fact, in addition to the many streets and alleys named after numbers, there are also many bridges named after numbers in Chengdu, and the names are also very interesting.
I don't believe you can count with me: Yixin Bridge, Erxian Bridge, Sandong Bridge, Sima Bridge, Wugui Bridge, Qixing Bridge, Balizhuang Bridge, Nine-Eye Bridge, Twelve Bridge, Baihuatan Bridge, Wanli Bridge... Counting more will take a dragon. Chengdu's ancient water system is intertwined, and there are naturally many stories about bridges, so what kind of old times are hidden in these digital bridges?
One Hole Bridge and One Heart Bridge
Chengdu has a street called Yidongqiao Street, here in the Qing Dynasty there is a small river called brick weir, in order to facilitate the transportation of various types of building materials, specially built a small red sand stone arch bridge on the river, there is only one bridge hole below, so it is called a hole bridge, and later the street formed here is called a hole bridge street. After being rebuilt in 1925, the arch bridge became a flat bridge. Today, neither the brick weir nor the one-hole bridge remains, leaving only two place names.
From Yidongqiao Street to the east is Yixinqiao Street, which got its name because in the past there was a single-hole stone bridge in an irrigation canal, and there was a small temple at the head of the bridge, and the locals took the meaning of "One Heart to Buddha" and named the small bridge Yixin Bridge.
Erxian Bridge
Can't find the Erxian Bridge in Erxian Bridge? That's right.
However, in the early Qing Dynasty, there was indeed a Banban Bridge across the tributaries of the Shahe River. This Banban Bridge was later upgraded to a beautiful stone bridge, known as the Erxian Bridge, also known as the Yuxian Bridge. As the city grew, the Erxian Bridge was demolished, but it remained as the name of the precinct.
The name of the Erxian Bridge is derived from the Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea. Legend has it that Lü Dongbin and Han Xiangzi, the two great immortals, once met here, and the people of Chengdu built a two-immortal nunnery to worship the two immortals of Lü Han. Therefore, the bridge next to the Ersen-an temple was named the Erxian Bridge.
In the past, the Erxian Bridge was most famous for two characteristics: one was the Erxian Bridge Bean Flower; the other was the Mouth-Seeking Assembly. Every spring when the flower fair in Chengdu is at its most lively, the beggars from all the suburban counties rush here to meet, and the grand event is unprecedented. Nowadays, Erxian Bridge has long become a precinct, and there is no shadow of the Beggar Gang, but a new business card around Chengdu University of Technology.
Three-hole bridge
The Three-Hole Bridge used to be a three-hole stone arch bridge across the Erdao River. To many people, it seems that there are no rivers or bridges here. However, until the early years of the Republic of China, here is still green willow Qingbo, river bay such as belt, so this section of the river is also known as "belt river", the three hole bridge head next to the ErdaoHe Chinese long-established Sichuan restaurant "with river grass hall" is also named.
Since it is a bridge with three bridge holes, it can be called a three-hole bridge, and of course There cannot be only one three-hole bridge in Chengdu, for example, there is one upper, middle and lower three-hole bridge on the Shahe River, but it has not become the name of the street.
Horse Bridge
In ancient times, a cart set of four horses, so it was called a horse, which was a symbol of honor. Sima Xiangru, a great scholar of the Han Dynasty, went from Chengdu to the capital Chang'an at the time, and before leaving, he secretly resolved that when he arrived in Chang'an, if he did not ride a high cart and ride a horse, he would never step into Shudi again. Some people like today say that if you go to Beijing to develop, if you don't drive a Mercedes-Benz BMW, you will never have the face to return to Chengdu. Later, if Sima Xiang became famous and returned to his hometown, the bridge was called the Hippocampa Bridge. Until modern times, the bridge was still built on the ancient Shengxian Water, which is today's Shahe River.
It should be reminded that the donkey horse bridge seen today is not the ancient horse bridge, and its position has moved slightly. Today's Shahe River is a new river channel formed after the founding of New China after being dug deep and widened on the old channel of the original Old Shahe River. The original wooden and stone structure of the Donkey Horse Bridge was demolished, and a new reinforced concrete level bridge was built on the diverted Shahe River.
Wugui Bridge
Wugui Bridge, could there have been five osmanthus trees in history? That's a bad thing to say.
The name wugui bridge comes from, and not long ago. Where it is located, there used to be a plank bridge, spanning the Old Sand River, known as the Turtle Bridge. Later, people felt that it was not elegant enough, so they changed "turtle" to "five gui". There is a road next to the Shahe River in Wugui Bridge, called Guyapo Road, which sounds very elegant and elegant, and is also derived from the original indecent "crow slope". In the past, there were many mass graves here, and there were often crows calling here, and in people's minds, crows were unlucky representatives, so the crow slope was changed to a quaint slope. The packaging upgrade of WuguiQiao and Guyapo is a typical representative of the elegance of traditional place names.
In addition, the bridges named after the five are Wufu Bridge, Wuding Bridge, etc.
Seven Star Bridge
The Seven Star Bridge is not a bridge, but a collective name for seven bridges.
Li Bing repaired the Dujiangyan, directed the two major tributaries of the Neijiang River, the Pi River and the Inspection River, under the city of Chengdu and above the Erjiang River, and built seven bridges, one long star, two yuanxing, three Yuejiexing, four Yixing, five tailxing, six Chongxing, seven Quxing, and the Seven Stars of the Beidou, collectively known as the Seven-Star Bridge.
In the third year of Tang Qianfu's gao biao built Luocheng, the Pi River was diverted, and only the Wanli Bridge and the Qiqiao Bridge remained, and the rest were gradually destroyed. The Long Star Bridge at the head of the Seven Stars is today's Wanli Bridge (commonly known as the Old South Gate Bridge).
Wanli Bridge in the 1950s (remade from "Old Chengdu")
Chengdu also has Balizhuang Bridge, Nine Eyes Bridge, Twelve Bridges, Baihuatan Bridge, Wanli Bridge, etc., if you are interested in the officials, you can consult the information yourself, this article will not be repeated. Since ancient times, there have been bridges with water, bridges in the past, just to cross the water, and now the bridges, but also vertical superimposed highways. The city is getting bigger and bigger, the bridges are building more and more, counting and counting, or those old bridges have the most stories, do you think?
Edited by Li Jie
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