Pan Run: From Qinghua Jian's "Lineage Year", we can see the beginning time of Dai's taking of the Song Dynasty and its historical significance

I. The views of the "Dai clan taking the Song" and the academic community recorded in the handed down documents

"Dai Clan Taking song", also known as "Sicheng Zihan taking Song", is a major power change event in the Warring States period when the power of the Song Dynasty was seized by Dai Shi, a descendant of Song Dai Gong. Due to the lack of historical materials, this event is not recorded in detail in the documents of the Tian dynasty and the three families. The accounts of this are mainly derived from the "Two Handles" and "Saying Doubts" in the "Han Feizi" and the scattered accounts of the "Lü Shi Chunqiu" and "Shuo Yuan" books, including:

"Han Feizi Aichen Fourth": "The death of the former And the humble of Zhou, all from the princes of the Broad and Great, the Division of Jin, the Conquest of Qi, are all too rich of the Qunchen." The reason why Fu Yan and Song killed their kings was that they were all similar. Therefore, the upper than the Yin, Zhou, the middle than the Yan, the Song, can not be from this technique also. (p. 31)

"Han Feizi • The Seventh Of the Two Handles": "Zihan said to Song Junyue: 'Whoever rewards the giver, the people's delight is also the king's own; those who kill and punish, and the people's evil, please deserve it."' So Song Jun lost his sentence and was rarely used, so Song Jun saw the robbery. Tian Chang used virtue and Jian Gonggong, and Zihan used torture and Song Jun robbed. (p. 54)

"Han Feizi Wai Chu said that the right is 35th": "Sicheng Zihan said of Song Jun: 'Reward and reward, the people's joy is also the king's own; killing and punishing, the people's evil is also, the subjects please deserve it.'" Song Junyue: "No. So he issued a decree, a minister, and a prince: "Ask Zi Hanye." So the ministers feared him, and the people returned to them. In the middle of the year, Zihan killed Song Jun and seized power. Gu Zihan went out to seize his kingdom. (p. 475)

"Han Feizi Wai Chu said that the right is 35th": "Sicheng Zihan said of Song Jun: 'Those who celebrate the bestowed, the people are good, and the king himself; punish the killer, and the people are evil, and the subjects should visit it.'" So he slaughtered the people and cursed the minister, the king said, "Discuss with the son." 'In the year of residence, the people knew that the fate of killing was controlled by Zihanye, so a country returned to the country. Gu Zihan robbed the Song Jun and seized his government, and the law could not forbid it. (p. 477)

"Han Feizi • Doubtful Forty-fourth": "If Fu Qi Tian Heng, Song Zihan, Lu Jisun Yiru, Jin Qiaoru, Wei Zi Nanjin, Zheng TaiZaixin, Chu Baigong, Zhou Dandi, and Yan Zizhi, these nine people are their subjects, all of whom are friends and parties are more than Zhou' subordinates, who do private songs in the right way, who force the king from above, who rule chaotically from below, who help the outside to scratch the inside, and who are close to the bottom to seek the upper, and it is not difficult to do so." (p. 600)

Han Feizi 44: "It is also said: 'According to what is heard now, Tian Chengzi takes Qi, Sicheng Zihan takes Song, Dazai Xin takes Zheng, Shan Shi takes Zhou, Yi Yazhi takes Wei, and the three sons of Han, Wei, and Zhao are divided into Jin, and these six people are also the ones who kill their kings. '" (p. 605)

"Han Feizi Zhongxiao 51": "The wise and impermanent of the present husband shangxian, the opposite path, and the world often thinks that it is ruled." It was the Gutian clan that seized the Lü clan from Qi, and the Dai clan that seized the Zi clan from the Song. (p. 698)

"Han Feizi • Lord of the People, Fifty-second": "Song Jun lost his minions to Zihan, and Jian Gong lost his minions to Tian Chang, but did not take them away, so he died and died in the country." (p. 706)[1]

"Lü Shi Chunqiu • Shu Sai": Regarding the battle of Qi and the Song Dynasty, "crazy and rewarded and punished, the reason why this Dai clan was absolutely also". [2]

The Biography of Li Silie quotes Li Sishang II as saying: "Now Gao has the ambition of evil and evil, and the dangerous act is reversed, such as Zihan Xiang Song Ye; the wealth of the private family, the Wakada clan is Yu Qi ye." At the same time, Tian Chang and Zi Han rebelled against the way and robbed His Majesty's prestige, and his Zhiruo Han Xuan was Han An Xiangye." [3]

"Huainanzi Daoyingxun": "In the past, Sichengzi Hanxiang Song, called Song Junyue: 'The safety of the country and the governance of the people's chaos are rewarded and punished by the king.'" The husband rewards and gives, and the people are good, and the king himself. The punishment of killing, the resentment of the people, please deserve it. Song Junyue said: "Good, the widow should be his beauty, the son suffers from his resentment, and the widow knows that he does not laugh for the princes." 'The people of the country know that the specialty of killing is in zihanye, the ministers are close to it, and the people are afraid of it. Living in the middle of the year, Zi Han was the sole ruler of the Song Dynasty. [4] The Tale of Han Shi Wai, vol. VII, and The Saying Of The Garden, Jundao, are the same.

Among these documents, the Han Feizi has the richest description of the process of Sicheng Zihan's taking of the Song Dynasty, and its purpose is to use this as an example to discuss its view of strengthening the monarchy, and the king's control over his subordinates through law, technique, and power--"The lord of the ten thousand multiplications, the king of the thousand multiplications, so the rulers of the world and the princes are also conquered by their might" (Han Feizi • Lord of Man)[5]. Han Feizi did not specify the specific time when Sicheng Zihan took the Song dynasty and who the robbed Song Jun was. The "History of the Song Weizi Family" omits the incident of Dai's taking of the Song Dynasty, "Zhao Gong died in the forty-seventh year, and the Son mourned the public purchase by Li. Mourning the death of the duke in the eighth year, the son Hugh Gong Tian Li. Hugh Gongtian died in the twenty-third year, and zi pu set up a military campaign. He died three years later, and zi que was established. Sima Zhen's "Suo Yin" quoted Wang Shao after the "establishment of zi que": "The "Chronicle" Yun Song was cut into a liver and abolished his monarchy and established himself. ”[6]。 Most scholars regard the Song Chengjun recorded in the Bamboo Book Chronicle as the Sicheng Zihan mentioned in the Han Feizi, which was most common in academic circles, as the abolition of the Song Huan Marquis around 355 BC and the final completion of the Dai Clan taking the Song Dynasty. For example, the Qing Dynasty Su Shi doctrine said, "Or: Dai's usurpation of the Song Dynasty is certainly enough, but when should its usurpation of the Song be used?" According to the "Chronicle" Yun: "Song Yicheng abolished his monarchy and stood on his own. 'Bi is the Marquis of Song Huan, and Yicheng liver is Sicheng Zihan?' [7] Mr. Yang Kuan also believes in the "History of the Warring States" that "the elimination of the liver is Sicheng Zihan, the sound of 'liver' and 'Khan' is the same, 'Si' and 'Que' are the same sound, and 'Cheng' and 'Cheng' are also sound and false"[8], and this statement has become a conclusion.

However, if Song Chengjun, who deposed the Marquis Huan of Song and established himself and completed Dai's takeover of the Song Dynasty, were regarded as Sicheng Zihan in "Han Feizi", Dai's taking of the Song would become a sudden event of direct usurpation of the throne by a powerful minister. Comparatively speaking, the three branches of the Jin Dynasty lasted half a century from 453 BC (the twenty-second year of the Jin Dynasty) to 403 BC (the thirteenth year of the Duke of Jin) when the Three Jin Dynasties were listed as princes, while the Tian Dynasty Qi from 481 BC (the fourth year of the Duke of Qi) Tian Heng killed the Duke of Qi Jian and the state of Qi to 386 BC (the nineteenth year of the Duke of Qi Kang) Tian Qi was listed as a prince, and it has experienced nearly a century. Under the historical conditions of the pre-Qin Dynasty, it was inconceivable that the powerful vassals would directly usurp the throne after seizing power without first setting up puppets to control the government. Even in later generations, Wang Mang established emperors and widows of Han before usurping Han, Cao Wei usurped Han only after 24 years of assisting Emperor Xian of Han, Sima Shi established the noble township duke Cao Xian after deposing Cao Fang, and Sima Zhao established The Wei Yuan Emperor Cao Yi after he killed the emperor without directly usurping the throne. Therefore, in the earlier Warring States period, Sicheng Zihan was unlikely to usurp the throne immediately after "killing the Song Jun and seizing the government" and seizing the power of the Song State, completing the Dai clan's seizure of the Song Dynasty.

Due to the lack of historical materials during the Warring States period, especially in the early Warring States period, Sima Qian's record of the lineage and accumulation of the early Song dynasty in the "Song Weizi Family" also had major errors, and historians have not paid enough attention to Dai's taking of the Song Dynasty. Until the discovery of Tsinghua Jian's "Department Year", it provided conditions for in-depth study of this issue.

2. The record of the history of the Song State in the early years of the Warring States period in Qinghua Jian's "Department Year" and the Dai clan took the Song Dynasty

Tsinghua Jian is an important Warring States Chu Jian who was rescued from the Hong Kong cultural relics market in the summer of 2008 and incorporated into Tsinghua University, of which the "Department Year" is divided into 23 chapters, recording the history from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the early Warring States period, which can be read in comparison with the handed down documents and the Bamboo Book Chronicle, which has great historical value. In particular, the early Warring States section of chapters 20 to 23 can make up for the lack of literature passed down from generation to generation, which is particularly important. Quoting the parts of the "Bamboo Jane of the Tibetan Warring States of Tsinghua University (II)" published at the end of 2011 related to the mourning of the early Warring States Song Dynasty, the interpretation is written in the common text as much as possible:

Chapter 21: "In the seventh year of the reign of the Great King of Chu(Jian), the Song Mourning Gong Dynasty yu Chu sued the Song Sicheng Covenant (weak) office. Wang ordered Mo Huanfu to be (rate) [114] (division) to fix the office. Chenghuangchi, Cheng'an (雍) Hill. ......”

Chapter 22: "Chu Sheng (Sheng) Huan Wang was established (throne), wu (yuan) year, the Jin Gong stopped meeting (Zhu) Hou Yu Ren, song mourning duke will be Jin Gong, died in ." ......”[9]

It can be seen from the brief text that the Duke of Song died in 407 BC (the first year of the reign of King Chu Sheng), and according to the "History of the Song Weizi Family", "The Forty-seventh year of the Duke of Zhao, the Son Mourning Gong purchased by The Establishment. The eighteenth year of the reign of duke Mourning, that is, the reign of King Huan of Chu was 425 BC (the seventh year of King Chu Jian), which coincided with the year of his envoy to the Chu state in the Jianwen, thus correcting the erroneous lineage and accumulation year of the early Warring States in the Records of the Warring States:

Later Song Dynasty Zhaogong: 469 BC to 425 BC

Song Mourning Duke: 425 BC to 407 BC

It is worth noting that the Duke of Song mourned in the Chu State "told the Song Sicheng Lipi Covenant Office", Lipi conglipi, pronounced similar to Xi, suspected to be Huangxi (see below), that is, the Sicheng Zihan of song taken in the Han Feizi, thus allowing us to re-examine the time when Dai's taking of the Song began. When the Duke of Song had just ascended the throne, he did not seriously prepare for the funeral of the first king at home, but immediately personally sent an envoy to the Chu state to discuss the issue of the Song office being restrained by the powerful ministers, reflecting the grim political situation in the Song state at this time. In connection with the similarity and pronunciation of "Sicheng Lipi" and Sicheng Zihan's official position, we can conclude that the "Song Sicheng Lipi Covenant Office" recorded in the "Lineage Year" is most likely the "Sicheng Zihan taking the Song" mentioned many times in the "Han Feizi", and the time when Sicheng Zihan seized the power of the Song State and began to "Dai Shi took the Song" was actually in the early Warring States period in the late Song Dynasty, rather than the middle Warring States period as most scholars believed before. Combined with the "Bamboo Book Chronicle" recorded in the "Bamboo Book Chronicle" around 355 BC, Song Chengjun "abolished his junbi and established himself" and finally completed the "Dai clan taking the Song", it can be seen that the Dai clan taking the Song is also the same as the Tian clan DaiQi and the three families divided into Jin, a historical process that lasted for 70 or 80 years, and the three generations of the Song Mourning Gong, the Song Xiu Gong, and the Song Huan Marquis after the Sing Hou Zhao Gong were all puppets of the Dai clan who controlled the government of the Song Dynasty.

This conclusion can also be drawn from the clues of some heirloom literature. There were two Zhaogong before and after the Song Dynasty, and there is "Spring and Autumn Zihan Killing Zhaogong" in the High Temptation of Lü Shi Chunqiu Gong Guan Viii - Summoning Class"[10], which may confuse the Former ZhaoGong of Song ("Zhao Gong went out hunting, and Lady Wang Ji made Wei Bo attack and kill Zhao Gong Pestle", "History of the Song Weizi Family") during the Spring and Autumn Period with Sicheng Zihan taking the Song Dynasty during the Later Song Dynasty. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Sun Yi Rang said in the "Mozi Jian Jie • Mozi Houyu" that "there were two Zhaogong in the Kao Song Dynasty, one was far from Mozi during the Lu Wen Gong, and the other was in the Spring and Autumn Period when Lu Mourned the Duke, which was equivalent to the Mozi Era." ZiHan killed should be the Later Zhaogong. However, Gao Yun's 'Spring and Autumn Period' mistakenly merged the two Zhao Gong as one ear"[11], clearly stating that Sicheng Zihan's Song dynasty occurred in the early Warring States period. In addition, Zou Yang's "Book of the King of Shangliang in Prison", quoted in the "Chronicle of Lu Zhonglian and zouyang Lie" in the "History of Lu Zhonglian", mentions that "Song Xinzihan's plan was to imprison Mo Zhai" (the Book of Han mistakenly became Zi Ran)[12], mentioning that Mozi in the early Warring States period was the same era as a Song minister named "Zihan". Since there is no mention of Mozi's imprisonment in the handed down documents, many scholars have doubts about this sentence and the era of Mozi Shi Song. Sun Yirang believes that

"Although the "Song Shijia" is not Yun Zhaogong was killed, but the Qin and Han ancient books are one of the bandits, Gao said that it is not without signs. Jia Zi's "New Book First Awakening Chapter", "Han Shi Wai Biography VI", and Yun Zhaogong died and was restored. And it is said that Yuan Yunzihan chased the dictatorship of the king, or Zhao Gongshi was expelled by Zihan and lost the country, because of the misinformation that he was killed, Li Si, Han Bao, Huainan Wangshu and Yun robbed the jun, and the robbery is also called expulsion, which is also unknown" [13].

Judging from Qinghua Jian's records, it is necessary to praise Sun's foresight, but due to the prevalence of the mainstream view of "cutting the liver into a liver, that is, Sicheng Zihan", Sun Yirang's view has not been accepted by the academic community for a long time, such as Yang Kuan's "History of the Warring States", it is believed that "as for Sun Yerang's "Biography of Mozi" in "Mozijian", it is believed that the Song Zhaogong killed by Sicheng Zihan was not credible"[14].[14]

In addition, Jia Yi's "New Book • First Awakening" records the story of "Zhaogong's death" -

"Song Zhaogong died, and as for the realm, he sighed: 'Woohoo! I know that's why I'm dead. I was obeyed, and there were hundreds of servants, all of whom knew me as a king. I have done things in government, and there are thousands of courtiers, and all of them know that I am a saint. I have not heard of me outside and inside, but I have come to this. I'm stuck. So the heart was easy to do, the cloth was clothed, the food was delicious, the day learned the Tao and the evening was told, and in the second year, the Song people were greeted and restored, and the death was a virtuous prince, and the emperor was Zhaogong. ”[15]

The same as the Sixth Book of Han Shiwai and the New Order and Miscellaneous Affairs are most likely the result of Sicheng Zihan's "overthrow of the Song Emperor and his dictatorship" after taking the Song Dynasty. The Han Feizi Say LinXia Twenty-third also mentions a conversation between Bai Gui and a man known as "Song Lingyin", "Bai Gui said of Song Lingyin: 'The monarch knows the government, and the public has nothing to do.'" Now that the lord of the king is also a servant, it is better to make the filial piety of the Jinghe Jun, then the king does not seize the throne, and the great respect for the duke, the duke often uses Song Yi. [16] Since the Spring and Autumn period of the Examination of the Song Dynasty, there was no ling yin position, and Bai Gui lived in the early and middle Warring States period from the time of Marquis Wen of Wei to King Hui of Wei, and this "Song Ling Yin" who specialized in the political affairs of the Song Dynasty or a descendant of Sicheng Zihan after Dai took over the Song Dynasty and the ancestor of Song Chengjun, took the newly established position of Ling Yin for generations after Dai took over the Song Dynasty in order to take power. Nor does it know. Of course, it is also possible that the liver was cut into a liver before the usurpation of the Song Dynasty.

In short, the record of the reign time and deeds of Duke Song in the "Qinghua Jian Zhi Nian" corrects the errors in the "Records of History" and determines that Sicheng Zihan, who took the Song dynasty of dai, lived in the early Song dynasty of the Warring States period, and was not a person who finally completed the dai clan to take the Song in the middle of the Warring States period, and his descendant Song Chengjun, who finally completed the Song of the Dai clan, was not a person, and the Dai clan took the Song and the Three Families divided into Jin, which was a long historical process that lasted for 70 or 80 years.

Third, the background and reasons for Dai's taking of the Song

After clarifying through the records in the "Qinghua Jian Zhi Nian" that the real time when Dai's taking of the Song dynasty began to occur was in the early Warring States period, it is necessary to re-examine the historical background of the Song State in which the Dai took the Song dynasty. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, several Dai clans, as descendants of the Duke Dai of Song, controlled the government of the Song Dynasty, such as The Hua clan, the Le clan, and the Huang clan. Among them, Hua Shi is after Hua Father, the son of the good father, the Le clan is after the Le Father Technique, and the Huang clan is after the Emperor Father Chongshi. Among them, Hua Shi held the power of the Song state for a long time after hua's father killed song fu gong and Kong father Jia in 710 BC (the eleventh year of the Song Dynasty), until 521 BC (the eleventh year of the Song Yuan Gong) Hua's rebellion ("Zuo Chuan • Zhao Gong Twenty-one Years") was put in exile in the Chu state,[17] and the Le clan and the Huang clan continued to run the Song dynasty. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, Song Jinggong reigned for a long time, but he did not establish a crown prince in the case of his own childlessness, and it was not until his later years that the two sons of his nephew Gongsun Zhou were trained in the palace as successors, "Song Jinggong had no children, took the son of Gongsun Zhou and Qi, and the palace of the animals did not stand up", thus bringing hidden dangers to the turmoil of the regime. In 469 BC (the forty-eighth year of the Reign of Song Jinggong), Song Jinggong died suddenly while traveling, and Song Da Yin arbitrarily established an intention to dictatorship, "Great Yin Li Qi, funeral funeral in the Grand Palace." Three days later, the people of the country knew it", which was opposed by the six secretaries of state, mainly Dai. In the end, Liu Qing defeated Da Yin, "so that the people of the country were applied to Da Yin, and Da Yin was inspired by Ben Chu, Nai Li De", which was for the Later Song Zhao Duke, and the history of the Song Kingdom also entered the Warring States period. "Huang Huan is the Right Master, Emperor Fei I is the Grand Sima ( ) , Emperor Huai is the Situ , Ling Bu Slow is the Left Master , Le Shu is The SiCheng , and Le Zhu Hoe is the Great Si Kou " , the dai nobles of the same color basically jointly controlled the song dynasty , "The league: 'The three ethnic groups govern together, there is no harm to each other'" [18], which became the historical background for the Dai clan to take over the Song Dynasty.

It can also be seen from the records of "Han Feizi" that even before Sicheng Zihan took over the Song, the Song state regime was already controlled by the Dai magnates, and Sicheng Zihan was able to monopolize the song state after defeating another Dai nobleman. Han Feizi mentions several times a figure named Song Dazai (even "Shang Dazai"),who came to power before Zihan,[19] including:

Han Feizi Says Lin Shang No. 22: "Zi Yuan saw Confucius in Shang Dazai. Confucius came out, Zi Yuan came in, and asked the guest. Dazai said, "I have seen Confucius, and I see the son as a flea lice." I see it now. Zi Yuan feared that Confucius was more valuable than Junye, because Dazai said: "Jun has seen Confucius, and Confucius will also regard Confucius as a flea." 'Dazai Inver sees him again. (p. 234)

"Han Feizi Says LinXia Twenty-third": "Song Dazai is noble and decisive. Ji Zi will see Song Jun, and Liang Zi will hear it: "Yu must be able to sit with Dazai San, otherwise, it will be inevitable." 'Ji Zi said that he despised the kingdom with your lord. (p. 259)

"Han Feizi Neichu said on the 30th": "Dai Jie, Song Dazai, the night messenger said: 'I have heard that there are people who have taken a car to Li Shimen for several nights, and I would like to serve them for me.' The people reported: "I don't see the wagon, but I see those who are worshipped and talk to Li Shi, and there is a time, and Li Shi is subject to the sword." '" (p. 330)

"Han Feizi Neichu said on the 30th": "Shang Dazai made the city of Shao Shuzi, and Gu asked instead: 'What is the city?'" Right: "No see also." Dazai said, "Although, what do you see?" "There are many ox carts outside the south gate of the city, and only the ears can be walked." Dazai commanded the messenger, "Do not dare to tell anyone what I have asked of my daughter." Because of the summoning of the city officials, he said: How much cow is outside the city gates? The city magistrate blamed Dazai for knowing the disease, but feared it. (p. 330)

"Han Feizi Nei chu said the next thirty-first": "Dai Qi is the Song Dazai, the emperor is more important than the jun, the two argue and kill each other, and the emperor kills the Song jun and takes his government." (p. 359)

According to the records of zuo chuan, it can be seen that The Song Dazai Dai Washi came from the Le family, which was also the Dai family. The Twenty-Ninth Year of the Duke of Xiang records that during the Song PingGong period, Uncle Xiang of jin, after hearing about the deeds of the sage Lexi, who was also called "Sicheng Zihan", believed that the Le clan would eventually get the Song Kingdom, "Song Sichengzi rarely heard of it, and said: 'Neighbors are good, and the people's hopes are also.'" 'Song is also hungry, please Yu Pinggong, out of the public millet to lend. Make the doctors all loans. Si Cheng's loan is not written, and it is a loan for the doctor's infallible. Song wu hungry. Shu Xiangwen said: "Zheng Zhihan, Song Zhile, and the dead after them also!" Both of them are worthy of the country! The return of the people. Shi Bute, Le Shi Jia Yan, which is based on song lifting and descending'"[20]. After the Song Dynasty ZhaoGong came to power, "Sicheng (Le Ping) was Shangqing", which also shows that at this time, the Le clan controlled the power of the Song State, which developed into a situation in which the later Song Dazai Dai Was "noble and decisive".

And the Emperor Xi who killed Dai Xiao should be Sicheng Zihan who took the Song Dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, famous people often used Zihan as the character, such as Zheng Guo's Gongsun Xi Zihan, and the famous sage Lexi, who also held the position of Sicheng in the Spring and Autumn Period, was also Zihan, and scholars such as Liang Lusheng, Su Shixue, and Sun Yerang had already reached this conclusion (see Yang Kuan's "History of the Warring States"), which will not be repeated. The Sicheng Lippi that appears in Qinghua Jian's "Year of the Lineage" shows that the emperor is Sicheng Zihan, adding valuable evidence to it. The direct reason for the success of Sicheng Zihan's song was that Huang Xi seized the power of "killing and punishing" through power and tactics, and thus won the political struggle against Dai Qi. Of course, judging from the fact that Duke Mourning of Song was able to personally send an envoy to the Chu state to ask for help after he ascended the throne, Song Jun was not killed by Zihan as Han Feizi said, and it is more likely that Emperor Zhaogong of Song was forced to return to China after being expelled and willingly became a puppet of the Dai clan as described in the "HuainanZi", so his descendants were not killed by Emperor Xi.

From the above analysis of the background of Dai's taking of the Song, we can also see the reasons for the loss of the real situation of the Dai's taking of the Song in later generations. First of all, of course, there is a lack of historical materials in the early and middle Warring States period after the Spring and Autumn Period, especially in the early Warring States period, the Song Kingdom, as a small country other than the Seven Xiongs, in the 140 years between the ascension of the Song Dynasty and the "Five Kingdoms Xiang King", there is basically no record of its internal affairs in the historical materials, so it is difficult for later scholars to accurately understand the specific situation of Dai's taking of the Song, so whether it is Han Feizi who mentions the process of Sicheng Zihan taking the Song, or the Taishi Gong who made mistakes when writing the Warring States part of the "Song Weizi Family", for the "Dai clan taking the Song", it is difficult for later generations to accurately understand the specific situation of the Dai clan taking the Song, so whether it is Han Feizi who mentions the process of Sicheng Zihan taking the Song, or the Taishi Gong who made mistakes when writing the Warring States part of the "Song Weizi Family", for the "Dai clan taking the Song" There are deviations and omissions in the accounts. Secondly, Dai's taking of the Song did not constitute a huge impact on the original regime of the Song state like the Tian clan Daiqi and the Three Branches of Jin, which was enough to shock the nations. The State of Song itself was under the common rule of various Dai nobles before the sicheng Zihan Song Dynasty, and the slain Dai Qi and the usurper Huang Xi belonged to the Dai family, which was completely different from the situation of Kan Zhi and Zhi Bo. With the new rulers belonging to the same family as the original rulers, the coup did not attract the attention of the historians of the time and leave a record. Moreover, the Song office and the Dai clan are the same sub-surname, and the Dai clan took the Song dynasty so as "Tian Clan grabbed the Lü clan Yu Qi" to lead to the political change of the ancestral temple and change the dynasty, which triggered the anger of Confucius and other Confucians who emphasized the orderly respect and inferiority, and "only the instrument and the name cannot be dummified", "bathing and facing" and "not daring not to tell".[21] Moreover, the Dai clan did not take the Song Dynasty like the Tian clan Daiqi and the Three Families Fenjin through the canonization of Zhou Tianzi. Therefore, with the passage of time, later scholars will only remember the "Bamboo Book Chronicle" in which Dai Shi took the Song and finally completed the "Song Que Cheng liver and abolished its Junbi and stood on its own", and even like Sima Qian, song was mistaken for the son of the Marquis huan of Song, thus completely confusing the Sicheng Zihan taking the Song incident that began in the seventies and eighties before this, and finally completely confusing the two figures of Huang Xi and Song Chengjun, and confusing them.

Fourth, the historical significance of Dai's taking of the Song Dynasty

After the beginning of the Dai Dynasty was revised to the early Warring States period of the Late Song Dynasty, the reign of the Dai dynasty was not only the seventy years of the middle and late Warring States, but also the entire history of the Song State in the Warring States period, no less than tian Qi, who "had the State of Qi in the Twelfth Dynasty", so that we had to re-examine the historical significance of Dai's adoption of the Song Dynasty.

First of all, Dai's taking of the Song Dynasty exacerbated the loss of the Shang Dynasty culture preserved through the Song Dynasty in later generations, resulting in the true situation of the history of the Shang Dynasty becoming blurred in later generations. Although in the time of Confucius it was already "Yin Li, I can say it, Song Is Not enough to Sign"[22], but the Song State was after all the successor of the Shang Dynasty who was "the prince of the world and the shou Yin Chang Qi"[23], and the Shang Shu and Shang Odes in the five existing five classics are all historical documents of the Shang Dynasty preserved through the Song State of the Zhou Dynasty. However, the establishment of the new dai regime during the Warring States period caused the political system of the Song State to undergo great changes in the new era, and the old culture was constantly lost. The "Yin Zhi", "Xian You Yi De", "Saying Fate" and other articles in the Qinghua Jian are all Shang Dynasty documents scattered in later generations, reflecting the huge losses brought by Dai's Song dynasty to the cultural inheritance of the Shang Dynasty.

At the same time, Dai's taking of the Song Dynasty also caused the Song office, which was originally dedicated to Yin and as the successor of the Shang Dynasty, to decline, so that hundreds of years later, when the Late Han Dynasty Emperor Of the Western Han Dynasty "made dr. Zhu Dafu ask for Yin Hou and dispersed into more than ten surnames, and the county state often got its grandchildren, pushing for descendants, and never disciplined"[24], and could only replace the Song gongfu with the descendants of Confucius as the Queen of Tang. In 8 BC (the first year of Emperor Suihe of Hancheng), Emperor Hancheng made Confucius's descendant Kong Ji the "Marquis of Yin Shaojia" and succeeded to the Shang Dynasty, "The king of Gaiwen will survive after the second king, so the three unifications are also passed." Xi Cheng Tang was ordained to be listed as three generations, and the sacrifice was abolished. After the examination, Mo Zheng Kongji. He was enthroned as Marquis Jia of Yin Shao" (Book of Han and Chronicle of Emperor Cheng)[25], and was soon knighted as a duke.

Secondly, Dai's adoption of the Song dynasty made the Song state a new one after the establishment of a new regime, becoming a small state that was important to the situation in the Warring States, and improving the historical status of the Huaihai region in the later Qin and Han dynasties. After the establishment of the Dai Song regime, the Song state has always maintained a strong national strength, which is in stark contrast to the Zheng, Wei, and Lu states, which are also small but are constantly declining. After King Yan of Song ascended the throne, he was once "now going to exercise the throne"[26], and the Song ministers Dai Shengsheng and Dai Yingzhi were also taught by Mencius. Five years after the Five Kingdoms, in 318 BC (the eleventh year of King Kang of Song), the Song dynasty was also known as Wang, and with the assistance of Tang Martin, the Song state became more powerful, "defeating Qi in the east and taking five cities; defeating Chu in the south and taking three hundred miles of land; defeating the Wei army in the west, but making enemies of Qi and Wei"[27], known as the "Five Thousand Multiplied Song". Comparing the different fates of the Song Dynasty and the Wei State in the Warring States period can make us realize this even more. Both the Song and Wei states were princely states that were enthroned after the Zhou Gong's Eastern Expedition to place the remnants of Yin, "the Duke of Zhou was ordered by the king to cut down Wu Geng, Guan Shu, and Uncle Cai." After the creation of the Yin Dynasty with the micron, the country was in the Song Dynasty. He received a lot of people and made him Uncle Wei Kang",[28] with the title of The Younger Brother of King Fengwu" (Shi ji Zhou Benji),[28] but in the historical development of the Warring States period, the fates of the two countries were very different. The State of Song became the "Five Thousand Powerful Song", but the State of Wei was persecuted by King Hui of Wei by the "Zi Nan Clan", and "more degraded by the title of Yue Jun, unique Puyang". The strength of the Song Kingdom and the weakness of the Wei State are in stark contrast, and the reasons for this have to make us think deeply.

The strength of the Song state and its important position in the land of the four wars made the king of Qi Tang take advantage of the brutality of King Kang of Song in his later years to destroy the Song in 286 BC to break the geographical balance, and was opposed by the nations, "Thirty-eight years, cut down the Song." King Qin Zhao's anger said: "I love Song with Love Xincheng and Yang Jintong." Han Nie and my friend also, and attack my love, why not? (History of Tian Jingzhong's Complete Family)[29]. Finally, under the leadership of the famous general Le Yi of the State of Yan, the Five Kingdoms defeated the Qi army, the King of Qi Xiang fled and died, and the Yan army "entered Linzi, took all the Qi treasures, and burned the temple of the palace" ("History of the Yan Zhao Gong Shi Family") [30], and the Eastern Emperor Qi State was once only left with the two cities of Ju and Jimo, which became an important objective reason for the Qin state to unify China.

The rule of the Dai Song regime also greatly developed the economy of the Huaihai region, greatly improving the political and economic status of the area in the later Qin and Han dynasties. Both Suiyang and Pengcheng became important metropolises in the later Qin and Han dynasties. As early as the early and middle period of the Warring States, the Song State may have once moved its capital to Pengcheng. In the "History of the Han Dynasty", it is recorded that in 385 BC (the second year of Han Wenhou), "cut down the Song Dynasty, went to Pengcheng, and carried out the Song Jun"[31], and Mr. Qian Mu wrote the "Certificate of Pengcheng in the Song Capital during the Warring States Period" in the "Year of the Sons of the Pre-Qin Dynasty",[32] and was approved by Yang Kuan's "History of the Warring States". After the Five Kingdoms were united, Chu and Wei divided up the song homeland, "three of their lands." Wei de qi liang, Chen Liu, Qi qi qi ji yin, Dong ping, Chu qi pei. Therefore, the Chu Pengcheng of the present day, the Ben Song Ye, the Spring and Autumn Classic, is called "Encircling the Song Pengcheng". Although the Song Dynasty was destroyed, it was a great country, so it was divided into different fields" (Book of Han and Geography) [33]. The State of Wei and the State of Chu also clashed over the homeland of the State of Song, and the Han Feizi Youdu VI records that "(King Of Wei'an) Suiyang, the Jing army was old and gone",[34], and the "History of the Chu Shijia" also contains "Also shoot at the east of the Yuan, relieve Wei's left elbow and strike the Tao outside, then wei's east is abandoned and the Great Song, Fang, and the Erjun are lifted".[35] At the end of the Warring States period, the State of Wei was also preparing to move the capital to Fengyi, "Zhou Shi made people call Yongya: 'Feng, so Liang Migrated also.'" Dozens of cities have been designated in present-day Weidi. The teeth are now under Wei, and Wei takes the teeth as Hou Shoufeng, not down, and Slaughter Feng. (History of Gaozu Benji) [36]. In the later Late Qin War, the land of abundance was the land of Longxing of Liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Gao, Pengcheng became the capital of Emperor Chu Yi and Xiang Yu, and the homeland of the Song State became an important rear base for the realization of "Fall of Qin and Chu". After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, Suiyang and Pengcheng, the former capitals of the Song Dynasty, became the capitals of the two princes, Liang Wang and Chu Wang, respectively, and the political and economic status of the Huaihai region was more important.

5. Summary

To sum up, the "Dai clan taking the Song" from the early Warring States period of the Song Dynasty and the later years of the Song Dynasty, the late years of Sicheng Zihan's dictatorship of the Song State, to the middle of the Warring States Period, Song Chengcheng deposed the Song Huan Marquis and established himself, is a long historical process that lasts for decades, not a sudden usurpation of the throne by a powerful subject. From the records in Qinghua Jian's "Lineage Year", it can be seen that Sicheng Zihan, who usurped the power of the Song dynasty in the Han Feizi, was the emperor of the early Warring States period rather than the middle period of the churning liver. "Dai's taking of the Song" exacerbated the loss of the Shang Dynasty culture preserved through the Song State in later generations and the decline of the Song gongfu that was enshrined in yin, but it also made the Song state strong after the establishment of the emerging regime, which became an important objective reason for the decline of the Eastern Emperor Qi state and the unification of China by the Western Emperor Qin State. The economic development of the Song Dynasty also made the Huaihai area play an important role in the "death of Qin Bichu" at the end of the Qin Dynasty, which became an objective reason for the "death of Qin and the rise of the Han Dynasty", and also improved the political and economic status of this area in the later Qin and Han Dynasties.

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[26] Mencius Teng Wen

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