01. Liu Bei: My son is also your son
When it comes to Zhuge Liang and Liu Adou, everyone is no stranger. After all, the story of the "White Emperor Tuo Lonely" is familiar: in the third year of Zhang Wu (223 AD), Liu Bei fell ill in the White Emperor City after the defeat of the great battle with Eastern Wu. Ah Dou was Liu Bei's son who had only come at the age of forty-seven, and he was only seventeen years old at this time, and he was still a half-grown child, so of course he had to plan a good way back for his son and find a minister worthy of trust. Therefore, Liu Bei recruited Zhuge Liang to the White Emperor City and entrusted Ah Dou to Zhuge Liang. In the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei instructed his son to say, "Ru and Xiang Xiang are engaged in business, and things are like fathers!" ”
This sentence laid the foundation for the position of Zhuge Liang in the imperial court as a chancellor after Liu Bei's death--the "xiang father" of the little emperor.
Throughout history, the "dry father" of the emperor is not good, and the "father" and "middle father" can be said to be a "high-risk" profession. Before that, the most famous was Lü Buwei, the heroic and rough Yingzheng absolutely could not tolerate the fall of power, how could he tolerate a Zhong father surnamed Lü standing behind him and pointing fingers, and in the end, as a businessman father or Zhongfu, he could not fight the vicious politician Yingzheng, so this outstanding businessman, Yingzheng's surname Lü Zhongfu was poisoned alive.
Of course, Zhuge Liang was by no means a wolf ambitious person like Lü Buwei, and Ah Dou was also 108,000 miles away from the decisive and arbitrary Emperor Of Qin Shi Huang, but there was still a certain danger in this job -- doing a good job may not be able to qingshi Liufang, but if he does not do well, he must be infamous for eternity. Until now, the relationship between Ah Dou and Zhuge Liang has been debated endlessly, with orthodox historians firmly believing that Ge Xiang was loyal and conspiracy theorists insisting that "Ge Thief" single-handedly covering the sky.
Fortunately, Ah Dou is not a rebellious teenager who does not know how to do evil. After all, people can be incompetent, that is called "mediocrity", that can also be rebellious, that is called "courage", but can not be both incompetent and rebellious, that is called death.
Zhuge Liang once commented that Liu Chan was "gifted and benevolent, corporal of charity", And when Liu Bei was dying, he was very satisfied with Liu Chan: "Xiang Xiang sighed qing's wisdom and greatly increased his cultivation", Zhuge Liang was not a flattering minister, Liu Bei was not a monarch with a vain name, and they would not describe a stubborn bastard as a good child. In fact, as the history books have commented, Ah Dou's character is "the impermanence of the silk, only the dye is dyed", he is like a piece of white silk, what color the dye is, he is what color, presumably it is precisely because of this that Zhuge Liang will earnestly advise him in the "Table of the Master": "Dear virtuous subjects, far lesser people." ”
We do not need to mention zhuge liang's merits, and although Ah Dou's attitude toward Zhuge Liang is controversial, from the perspective of historical records, at least after Zhuge Liang's death, Ah Dou did not show half a point of dissatisfaction and resentment towards his father, and even actively protected the reputation of his father. In his lifetime, he had killed two ministers, one had offended Ah Dou himself, rumoring that Ah Dou was having an affair with his wife; the other had offended Zhuge Liang.
After Zhuge Liang's death. Li Mi thought that the little emperor had a grudge against Zhuge Liang for a long time, and now that he had finally got rid of the clamps of the chancellor, it was the time of rejoicing, and if he went up to the cake at this time and criticized Zhuge Liang, wouldn't he be scratching the emperor's itch? So the benevolent brother confidently went to the book: "Bright body staff strong soldiers, wolf gu tiger vision... Now liang is dead, the Gai clan is complete, Xi Rong is resting, and the size is celebratory. Didn't you know that this foot stepped on Ah Dou's thunder point, and Ah Dou was very angry, and without hesitation, he threw the man into prison and then executed him.
Therefore, if you show Ah Dou the conspiracy theories that are all over the Internet, he can probably confidently say: "Pure rumors." The last one who said I had a complaint about my father had been cut off by me. “
02. Ah Dou: Your son is also my son
As mentioned earlier, Liu Bei only had Ah Dou at the age of forty-seven, and coincidentally, Zhuge Liang also had his own son when he was forty-seven years old, that is, Zhuge Zhan, who later died on the battlefield at the time of the fall of Ji Han.
Zhuge Liang is definitely a good father. Liu Bei once said to Ah Dou, "Wen Cheng Xiang has completed the passage for writing Shen, Han, Guan Zi, and Liu Tao, and has not been sent, and the Dao is dead, but he can ask wen da more." Zhuge Liang personally copied "Shen Zi", "Han Feizi", "Guan Zi", and "Liu Tao" to Ah Dou, but it was lost before it was sent out, and he instructed his son to personally go to the chancellor for advice. Several of the books mentioned in this passage are texts on the use of soldiers in governing the country, so it can be seen that Zhuge Liang shouldered the work of cultivating and educating the prince, and to some extent he was indeed half of Ah Dou's father, and, judging from these contents taught by Zhuge Liang, those conspiracy theories that Zhuge Liang deliberately raised Ah Dou into a waste were not self-defeating.
But for his own son, Zhuge Liang may not have been particularly concerned, or rather, his son was born too late. At that time, Zhuge Liang, on the one hand, had to take matters into his own hands, and all matters needed to be handled by him, "twenty penalties have been examined by himself", on the other hand, he worked hard for the Northern Expedition and the revival of the Han Dynasty. Domestic and foreign affairs have already consumed all his energy and painstaking efforts, so much so that he was evaluated by his old rival Sima Yi as "eating less and worrying, and being able to live for a long time", where there is time to personally teach his son.
In the "Zhuge Liang Collection" compiled by later generations, places that talk about governing the country, managing the government, using soldiers, and self-cultivation abound, but there are very few mentions of his son. One is in the twelfth year of Jianxing (234 AD), when he wrote to his brother Zhuge Jian, saying, "Zhuge Zhan is now eight years old, very smart and lovely. I'm just afraid that he will mature prematurely and will not be able to become a great instrument in the future." An eight-year-old child who, because he was too clever, was worried by his old father and thought that it was difficult to become a big weapon, which was simply inconceivable now. It can be seen that he did not treat his son with the spoiling of his son, on the contrary, he was very strict.
Another "Book of Commandments", which has been passed down through the ages, was also written during the Northern Expedition in the twelfth year of Jianxing, with a short eighty-six characters and a pearl of characters. Quiet to cultivate the body, frugal to cultivate morality, indifferent to Mingzhi, quiet and far-reaching, full of fathers to their sons' earnest teachings and unlimited expectations.
Also in this year, Zhuge Liang died of illness during the Northern Expedition, and at this time, Zhuge Zhan was only eight years old. At this time, in Zhuge Liang's home, there was no surplus inside, no wealth outside, and the family property was only Chengdu's "eight hundred mulberry trees, fifteen acres of thin fields", which was really a bit "shabby" compared with the ministers of previous dynasties. It can be said that he left nothing for his son except a Letter of Commandments.
Didn't leave anything behind?
In fact, this is not true.
Being a courtier, being a father, and being a man to achieve the realm of Zhuge Liang, what he can leave to future generations is no longer enough to be measured by material wealth, the Book of Commandments is a precious spiritual wealth, and in addition, there is an invisible yuze.
The first is the spontaneous recognition and love of the people of Shudi. As the saying goes, the dragon gives birth to the dragon and the phoenix, and the son of Zhuge Liang will inevitably grow into a good minister, so under the empathetic effect of the Shu Han people who miss Zhuge Liang, plus Zhuge Zhan is proficient in calligraphy and painting, and has a strong memory, everyone is very optimistic about Zhuge Zhan. Whenever the imperial court issued a good decree, although it was not advocated by Zhuge Zhan's suggestions. The people would tell each other that this was advocated by Zhuge Wuxiang Marquis, so the young Zhuge Zhan invisibly had the blessing of a good name.
The second is the emperor's complete trust. When Zhuge Liang died, Ah Dou, who was already twenty-seven years old, faced with the only eight-year-old son left by Xiang Father, would suddenly give birth to a kind of fatherly love, a sense of responsibility that he should teach him to be a man for Xiang Father, which is not recorded in the history books. However, from Zhuge Zhan's resume, we can see Ah Dou's unquestionable preference for Zhuge Zhan.
In the sixth year of Yanxi (243), Zhuge Zhan was seventeen years old and had already inherited the title of Marquis of Wuxiang from his father. At this time, he had just reached adulthood, and Ah Dou married his daughter to him. Subsequently, he was granted the official position of knight lieutenant. After that, Zhuge Zhan, who was less than twenty years old, opened the hanging, and his career was smooth sailing, which was called a smooth step: he was soon named the general of Yulin Zhonglang, and then he served as a lieutenant and a waiter. In the third year of Jing Yao (260 AD), Zhuge Zhan was moved to Shangshu Servant Shooting, and added an official to the army division general - it should be noted that the Han Dynasty did not have this official position before, and this official position was established for Zhuge Liang after Liu Bei entered Sichuan that year. Zhuge Liang was thirty-three years old when he was a general in the upper military division, and he was also thirty-three years old when Zhuge Zhan became a general in the military division.
Although historical facts prove that Zhuge Zhan is no match for his father in any way, the people of Jihan at that time undoubtedly regarded Zhuge Zhan as the "Zhuge Liang 2.0" version. The people of Shuzhong loved him, the emperor trusted and favored him, and the ministers of the DPRK were grateful for Zhuge Liang's kindness and looked forward to him, so when Ah Dou decided to marry his daughter to him, no one objected, and I asked, who doesn't want to be enlightened twice, who doesn't want to reproduce a myth that Emperor Liu and Zhuge Cheng are in harmony?
The only thing that bothered me in this matter may be Zhuge Liang, who has already become an ancient. Due to the marriage between the royal family and the Zhuge family, Zhuge Zhan, who was originally the same age as Ah Dou, became ah dou's half son, and Ah Dou changed from Zhuge Liang's son generation to a pro-family father.
Since then, he has been directly shorter than Liu Guanzhang's brothers by a generation— not only because Liu Guanzhang is commensurate with his brothers, but also because of the undeniable marriage of blood: Ah Dou's two empresses were both daughters of Zhang Fei, and A Dou's other daughter was married to Guan Yu's grandson.
All in all, due to such an unexpected and logical marriage, Zhuge Liang may become the biggest "loser"...
If there really is a meeting under the Nine Springs, what a kind and strange scene it would be:
Zhang Fei said to Zhuge Liang, My daughter is your son's mother-in-law.
Guan Yu said to Zhuge Liang, My grandson is your son's brother-in-law.
Liu Bei touched the big earlobe and said I couldn't understand it, but I was shocked.
Zhuge Liang looked at Ah Dou and sighed, "Dear family, you were just born the year I came out of the mountain, and you were still a milk doll that wanted your Uncle Zhao Yun to hold in his arms..."
03. Zhuge Liang is a good father, and Zhuge Zhan is a good son-in-law
As early as when Zhuge Zhan was eight years old, Zhuge Liang worriedly said that his son would not be able to become a great instrument in the future, and at that time, I am afraid that no one would take this sentence seriously. But the facts once again prove Zhuge Liang's old and spicy view of people: although Zhuge Zhan's career has been hanging all the way, although he has a good reputation that everyone praises, under the fame, it is actually difficult to match, and he does not have many rare achievements.
In the later period of Ah Dou's reign, he favored the eunuch Huang Hao, which made the people unhappy. At this time, Zhuge Zhan and the auxiliary general Dong Yue jointly took charge of shang shutai government affairs and commanded state affairs, and there is no record of his struggle with Huang Hao in history. Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang, who experienced the chaos at the end of the Han Dynasty, hated the most in their lives was that the eunuchs got power, and their descendants, a favored eunuch repeating the same mistakes, and a eunuch who sat by and watched the eunuch get power, have to be said to be a kind of irony.
Han thieves are not separated, and Wang Ye is not partial. This is the common belief of the Jihan 1.0 people, for this reason, Liu Guanzhang fought on the battlefield for a lifetime, and Zhuge Liang died of exhaustion on the way to the Northern Expedition, but unfortunately, Zhuge Zhan failed to inherit his father's legacy to continue the Northern Expedition. Admittedly, this cannot be entirely attributed to Zhuge Zhan, because, on the one hand, at that time, the strength of Ji Han and Cao Wei was already very different, and the national strength of the late Ji Han Dynasty had not allowed for a large-scale Northern Expedition; on the other hand, Jiang Wei had been in the Northern Expedition for many years, but the results were not satisfactory. However, in any case, there is no remark in history that Zhuge Zhan advocated the Northern Expedition and inherited the legacy of his fathers, and even after the defeat of Jiang Wei's Northern Expedition in the fifth year of Jing Yao (262), Zhuge Zhan and Dong Yue and others believed that Jiang Wei was warlike and ineffective, resulting in domestic fatigue, so they gave it to Ah Dou and stripped Jiang Wei of his military power.
The wheels of history rolled forward, and in the blink of an eye, it was the winter of Jing Yao's sixth year (263). In this year, the Wei general Deng Aiqi attacked Yinping and attacked from Jinggu Dao, and the entire Ji Han was in danger. At this critical juncture, Ah Dou once again showed his trust in Zhuge Zhan, or in other words, trust in the surname "Zhuge" and even superstition, and he gave Zhuge Zhan the last bottom card, the Yulin Army, hoping that his son-in-law could reproduce the miracle of winning more with less and turning the tables with more.
But Zhuge Zhan is not Zhuge Liang after all. Zhuge Zhan led Shangshu Zhang Fei's grandson Zhang Zun, Shangshu Lang Huang Chong, and Yulin Right Governor Li Qiutuo to lead an army to resist. However, after arriving in Fuxian County, he did not take Huang Chong's advice to seize the dangerous terrain, and gave up favorable terrain when Mianzhu faced Deng Ai, and had to confront Deng Ai head-on. In the end, he was crushed by the battle of Deng Ai, who drove straight in, resulting in the death of shu Han's last living force.
In the Battle of Mianzhu, Zhuge Zhan was killed in battle. This "Zhuge Liang 2.0", who had high hopes and was far inferior to his father's learning and strategy, the only thing that was on par with his father was the integrity of loyalty, and his son, Ah Dou's grandson Zhuge Shang, was also martyred.
At that time, there was a huge disparity in strength, and it was a fatal situation to continue fighting. And Deng Ai gave enough attractive conditions to make Zhuge Zhan the "King of Langya". However, as Ah Dou's son-in-law, he did not live up to the trust and favor of his father-in-law, and as Zhuge Liang's son, he did not live up to the good reputation left to him by his father, he categorically refused to surrender, nor did he choose to retreat, but fought hard until the outnumbered people died on the battlefield.
After the Battle of Mianzhu, Deng Ai took advantage of the situation to attack Chengdu. At that time, Ji Han's military strength was mainly in The Sword Pavilion, led by Jiang Wei, and the military strength in the Chengdu area was weak. When the Shu Han emperors heard of the arrival of the Wei army, the palace was in chaos, and some people suggested that they first flee to the southern central region, and some people suggested that Sun Wu should be surrendered to the east, and the old Chen Chen Zhou li advocated the surrender of Wei, and the group of ministers echoed. Liu Chan eventually accepted Zhou's advice, Kaicheng surrendered to Wei, the Wei army occupied Chengdu, and at the same time sent envoys to jiang Wei and others to surrender, and Ji Han was officially destroyed.
When Ah Dou went out of the city and surrendered, what was going on in his heart, whether he was regretting that his son-in-law's family had died on the battlefield, or whether he was feeling guilty that he had not been able to defend the foundation of the Han Room, we do not know. After all, after Ah Dou surrendered, all that was left was the ironic allusion of "Le Bu Si Shu".
The history of Ji Han has come to an abrupt end.
Author: Zhao Zeping