Text/Yin Xiaozhang
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, under the mobilization of Du Mengmo, an educator born in Qixian County, Henan Province, an early member of the Communist Party of China, and a vice governor of Henan Province after the founding of New China, his younger siblings went to Yan'an to participate in the revolution, especially Du Mengmo's sister Du Ningyuan and cousins Du Qiyuan, Du Lingyuan, and Du Zhiyuan, who were very famous in Yan'an at that time, and could be called a generation of female masters.
After the founding of New China, the four Du sisters served as deputy directors of the political departments of the third department of the General Staff of the People's Liberation Army, deputy directors of the Ministry of Education, deputy heads of the Actors troupe of the North Film Studio, and vice chairmen of the CPPCC Committee in Dongcheng District, Beijing.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="4" > brother Du Mengmo</h1>
There is a small courtyard in Shuanglong Lane, Shunhe Hui Nationality District, Kaifeng City, which is the long-term residence of Du Mengmo, and has now become an important part of the traditional education base of the Kaifeng Municipal Party Committee of the China Democratic League.
Du Mengmo, born in 1904, is a native of Qixian County, Henan. In 1923, during his studies at Kaifeng No. 2 Middle School, Wu Zhipu, who was the first secretary of the Henan Provincial Party Committee and the secretary of the Secretariat of the Central and Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee after the founding of New China, initiated the establishment of the "Customs Improvement Society" and the "Reading Club" to organize young people to study social sciences and Marxist-Leninist progressive books. In 1925, Du Mengmo was admitted to the Department of Mathematics of Peking University.
The book "Communists Fighting in Peking University" and the history of the Party of Peking University introduce him as follows: Du Mengmo (Zi Hongyuan) was introduced to the league by Ma Peiyi in 1925, served as the secretary of the Communist Youth League branch of Peking University, became a full member of the Communist Party of China in early 1926, and served as the secretary of the party branch of Peking University in the first half of 1927. From September to December 1927, he served as the secretary of the Dongcheng District Committee of Beiping City, the party committee of Beiping City, during the grim moment of the "White Terror" after the April 12 Incident, and again served as the secretary of the party branch of Peking University from the summer of 1928 to the spring of 1929.
After graduating from Peking University, Du Mengmo has long been engaged in underground work in the party as an educator. At the end of 1935, the Henan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China established the Kaifeng City Faculty branch of the Communist Party of China, and Du Mengmo, as the main person in charge of the party branch, carried out a large amount of anti-Japanese propaganda work among the students.
After the founding of New China, Du Mengmo served as vice president of Henan Normal College, professor of Henan University, vice mayor of Kaifeng City, vice president of Xinxiang Normal College, chairman of the Henan Provincial Committee of the China Democratic League, member of the Central Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, vice chairman of the Henan Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, vice governor of Henan Province, and was elected as a deputy to the National People's Congress and a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="31" > big brother mobilized the younger siblings of the family to run to Yan'an</h1>
Du Mengmo's younger sister Du Ningyuan and cousins Du Qiyuan, Du Lingyuan and Du Puyuan were the famous "Four Sisters of Du" in Yan'an at that time.
Du Ningyuan, born in 1909, joined the Communist Party of China in 1932, studied at the Marxist-Leninist College of Yan'an Anti-Japanese Military and Political University from 1938 to 1945, and later taught at Yan'an Women's University. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, she served as vice president of China Institute of Mining and Technology, deputy director of the Department of Industrial Education of the Ministry of Education, and deputy director of the China Experts Bureau. He died in 1968 at the age of 59.
The three sisters Du Qiyuan, Du Lingyuan and Du Zhiyuan were the daughters of the revolutionary Du Mengqian, who was once Du Mengmo's uncle. Du Miaozeng, born in 1897, his grandfather was a Qing Dynasty jinshi, in 1926 in Beijing befriended Li Dazhao, Lu Xun, he graduated from Beiping Normal University with half-work and half-study, and successively taught in beiping, Suiyuan, Guangxi Wuzhou, Shandong Zaozhuang and other middle schools and normal colleges.
In 1938, Du Miao and his wife went to Yan'an to participate in the revolution, and his four children also went to Yan'an one after another, which was one of the few "family revolutionary" families in Yan'an. After du qiyuan, Du Lingyuan and Du Puyuan went to Yan'an, they were first arranged to study at the newly established Northern Shaanxi Public School, and were divided into five teams. There were a total of 13 girls in this team, and at that time, in addition to the Yu Ruomu sisters, there were three sisters Zhuo Lin.
Du Jingyuan, Du Mengmo's youngest cousin, recalled: "When the eldest brother returned from Beijing to Kaifeng, he immediately organized and mobilized progressive youth to join the revolution. He was the eldest in the family, very inspiring, he first organized more than a dozen younger brothers and sisters in the family to preach the truth of the revolution and mobilized them to defect to Yan'an. Under his encouragement, the dozen or so children in the family rushed to Yan'an. ”
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="32" > generation of female masters and the husband of the founding generals</h1>
Du Qiyuan, born in 1918, was admitted to Henan Medical College in 1937, joined the Party in October of the same year, participated in the "Anti-Enemy Training Class" of Henan University founded by Ji Wenfu and Fan Wenlan, and served as a member of the party branch and the head of the girls' brigade, and in February 1938, he was appointed as a member of the party branch of the Henan Haocheng Repertory Theatre. After the outbreak of the All-out War of Resistance, the 20-year-old abandoned her pen and left her hometown from Rong to Come to Yan'an. She later recalled: Big Brother's progressive ideas were very motivating to us. Our sister's later trip to Yan'an to join the revolution was inseparable from his influence and propaganda.
Du Qiyuan successively studied at The Northern Shaanxi Public School and the Yan'an Anti-Japanese Military and Political University, and later served as an officer of the Central Secretariat. After the founding of New China, she served as the director of the Nanning Sugar Factory in Guangxi, the deputy director of the Industrial Department of Jiangsu Province, the deputy director of the Petrochemical Bureau of the Planning Commission of the Central and Southern Bureau, the deputy director and adviser of the Political Department of the Third Department of the General Staff of the People's Liberation Army, and enjoyed the treatment of the regular army after retiring, and in 1988 she was awarded the Second Class Meritorious Service Medal of the People's Liberation Army.
Du Qiyuan's husband is the well-known founding general Li Tianyou, who became a company commander at the age of 16 and a division commander at the age of 20, and served as the first commander of the 38th Army of the Ace Army of the People's Liberation Army, the deputy commander and commander of the Guangxi Military Region, the former first deputy commander and commander of the Guangzhou Military Region, and the deputy chief of the general staff of the People's Liberation Army. In 1944, Du Qiyuan and a famous general Li Tianyou met, and on New Year's Day 1945, they married each other and had four sons and a daughter. Influenced by their parents, all four sons are also soldiers.
Du Qiyuan's son Li Yaming mentioned in his father's memoirs: "My mother also participated in the revolution earlier, my father and mother can be said to be partners for life, although the father is higher than the mother's position, he is not macho at all, he respects his mother, and is very supportive of his mother's cause." On September 27, 1970, Li Tianyou died of illness in Beijing at the age of 56. In 2003, Du Qiyuan died at the age of 85, and the husband and wife were buried together in the Yaodi Garden in Guilin.
Born in 1917, Du Lingyuan studied at The Northern Shaanxi Public School, the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University, and the Second Class of the Marxist-Leninist College, and joined the Communist Party of China in August 1938. After the victory of the War of Resistance, she was sent to the northeast. After the founding of New China, Du Lingyuan was transferred to Shanghai to work, serving as deputy director of the Organization Department of the Putuo District Committee and director of the Organization Department of the Changning District Committee. In the summer of 1953, she was transferred to the Organization Department of the Beijing Municipal Party Committee, and at the end of 1970 she rested at home due to illness. In January 1980, she became the vice chairman of the CppcC Committee of Dongcheng District, Beijing, and left her post in 1982 to recuperate. In 2003, Du Lingyuan died at the age of 86.
Du Lingyuan's husband, Wu Liangping, was a well-known proletarian political activist, Marxist theorist and translator who first translated the Anti-Dühring Theory into Chinese in 1930. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Wu Liangping served as vice minister of the Ministry of Chemical Industry, adviser to the Party School of the CPC Central Committee, and member of the Central Advisory Committee, and died on October 3, 1986, at the age of 78.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="33" > couple are famous film actors</h1>
On May 11, 2018, in order to commemorate the 76th anniversary of Chairman Mao's speech at the Yan'an Literary and Art Forum, the film crew of China Film Group Corporation's Oral History invited Yu Lan, Sophie and Du Zhiyuan, three veteran artists who devoted themselves to the Yan'an Revolution in their early years, to conduct special shooting. Du Zhiyuan recalled that when he was studying at Lu Xun Art Institute, he took classes and practiced under the guidance of musician Xian Xinghai, and rehearsed with his classmates along the Yanhe River under the command of Xian Xinghai, leading to the unforgettable past of singing "Yellow River Chorus".
Du Zhiyuan, born in 1923, broke through the blockade at the age of 15 and went to Yan'an to participate in the revolution, and from 1938 to 1945, he studied and worked at the Lu Xun Art Institute in Yan'an. In 1942, Mao Zedong presided over the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art and delivered an important speech, and Du Zhiyuan and others were the pro-listeners. Since then, she has served as an actor and secretary in the Northeast Literary troupe, the Northeast Film Studio, and the Beijing Film School.
In 1953, Du Zhiyuan was transferred to the Actors Troupe of the North Film Studio, and later served as the deputy head of the troupe, the deputy director of the Art Office, the director of the Office of the Party Committee, etc., participating in the filming of "Zhao Yiman", "Red Flag Song" and "White Soldier", and playing Xi'er in the opera "White Haired Girl". On January 7, 2019, Du Puyuan, 96 years old, passed away.
Zhang Ping and Du Zhiyuan in Yan'an in 1944, Source: Network
Du Zhiyuan's husband, Zhang Ping, went to Yan'an at the age of 19 and entered the Lu Xun Art Institute at the age of 21. In 1950, the 33-year-old Zhang Ping played the male protagonist Zhang Zhijian in the movie "Iron Warrior", and became a hit and became the first generation of stars after the founding of New China. Later, he played roles such as Zhong Liang, the reconnaissance company commander in "Little Soldier Zhang Ga". In the 1960s, Zhang Ping became a big star on a par with Zhao Dan and Yu Lan.
On October 17, 1986, Zhang Ping, 69 years old, died of illness. In 1995, on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the birth of Chinese cinema, he became one of the 126 "Chinese film stars". In 2005, Zhang Ping was selected as one of the "100 Outstanding Actors in Chinese Cinema in the Past 100 Years". The three sisters Du Qiyuan, Du Lingyuan and Du Zhiyuan can become a generation of revolutionary heroines, in addition to the eldest brother Du Mengmo being the guide of their revolutionary road, it is inseparable from the family style of Shangqiu Gui degu Chen IV Hanlin and the cultivation of his mother Chen Shuzhen.
Chen Shuzhen is the granddaughter of Chen Zhen in the ancient city of Shangqiu Guide, and the only daughter of Chen Zhen. The Chen family is a famous family in Shangqiu, four consecutive generations of Chen Lian, Chen Chongben, Chen Gao, Chen Zhuo, Chen Tao five Hanlin, has the reputation of "one door double royal history, four generations of five Hanlin", unique in Henan. Chen Shuzhen was born in Xiangmendi and naturally attached importance to the education of her children. Located in the ancient city of Shangqiu Guide, the Chen Family Compound is a typical representative of the traditional historical residential buildings in the ancient city, and the existing buildings are divided into 6 courtyards, which basically preserves the original architectural pattern.