Qi Shu Mingxia Wufeng Building, Yimen from the ancient imperial state
Kaifeng is located in the plain, originally there is no mountain, but the history books have a record of "three mountains are not visible", and in the folk song of "heavenly river, underground city, three mountains are not visible, five doors are not illuminated, half-cut tower, and no water bridge", it is listed as one of the wonders of the world in Kaifeng. As for the location of these three mountains, the book "Ru Menglu" clearly pointed out the specific location of the three mountains, of which the second chapter, "The Second Chronicle of the Situation", records: "There are three more mountains, the earth street is a mountain, the claw corner head is a mountain, and the Yishan mountain is a mountain, which is called the three mountains are not obvious." Among them, the head of the claw is in the area from the North Renyi Hutong to the Jade Emperor Temple Street in the present-day Daliang Gate, and yishan is in the area of the present-day Iron Tower Park. In addition, in the "Xiangfu County Chronicle", zheng zhijun's "Continuation of Tokyo Dream" also has a detailed record of three mountains: "According to legend, Tokyo Woniu City, the three mountains do not lingxian, and the five doors do not order relative. The Three Mountains, Yimen Three Mountains, are within the capital city. There is a mountain in the shape of a mountain in the south of the Great Beam Gate, and now it has become a city, not a mountain. Tongqu Li Lane, YiTan Yi Yan, not to see FuShan; the water of the River into the city, there is no deep to three or four zhang, two or three zhang, from the west gate to the east, to the head of the big claw, the water is only two or three feet deep; the east of the Tong Fan Province to the mountain goods street water is only one or two feet, and then turn east and go north, to the tu street water is not a foot and stop, high and low, guan Fu water and from the knowable mountain. The article pointed out that usually this so-called three mountains are not easy to see, through the river into the city, you can observe the city's Liangmen inner Jade Emperor Temple Street north entrance to the west, the mountain goods store street and tujie area is two to four zhang higher than other places, known as Yimen Three Mountains. Here, the three mountains are called "Yimen Three Mountains", but not collectively referred to as "Yishan". Of course, the Yimen here no longer refers to the east gate of the Warring States Liang City, but refers to kaifeng city in the same way as the "Yimen" in the Jin Dynasty poet Li Fen's poem "Qishu Mingxia Wufeng Lou, Yimen from the Ancient Imperial State". In addition, due to the changes in the site of Kaifeng City in the past dynasties, the ruins of the Wei capital Daliang City during the Warring States period should be in the northwest of the present-day Kaifeng City, with 12 city gates, and its east gate is also called Yimen, and the current location is in the area of the present-day North Gate and the Iron Tower Park, which is still some distance away from the CaoMen after the Song Dynasty. The name of Yishan is related to Yimen, so it is also called Yimen Mountain.
Kaifeng Tujie in the late Qing Dynasty
Tujie Street is the first mountain, Tushizi Street --- Mahang Street, which is today's North and South Tujie Street. From the east entrance of Gulou Street to the north to the East Simen road, the Song Dynasty was called Tuzi Mountain, called Tushizi Street. The so-called Tuzi Mountain is actually not a mountain, but the terrain here is higher than other areas. During the Ming Dynasty, Tushizi Street was simplified as Tujie Street. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, Tujie Street was separated from the east entrance of Hedao Street and the west entrance of Council Hall Street, and called Nantu Street and Beitu Street respectively. In the past, there were many people selling bamboo poles in Beitu Street, and it was once called Bamboo Pole Street. From Beitu Street (East Simen) to the north, including Beixing Street, Right Siguankou, Beidaomen Street and Beimen Street, collectively known as Mahang Street during the Northern Song Dynasty. At that time, the north gate was not in today's location, but in the south of the tower, so today's North Gate Street and a section of the road outside the North Gate are completely within the scope of The Song Dynasty Mahang Street. Not far from Tushizi Street into Masan Street, there was a crossroads called "Quail City" in the Song Dynasty, and the north of the mouth was the famous Tokyo hotel Rendian (Shinraku Building) and Hele Building. In front of the Hele Building, there is a "horse selling market" so it is called Mahang Street.
In addition to this "horse market" --- horse shops, there are more medical halls, medicine shops and tea shops, hotels, restaurants and so on. In the "Tokyo Dream Record", there is a section of the "Ma Xing Street North Doctor Shop": "Ma Xing goes north, it is a small goods shop, a big bone medicine shop." Straight to the old Fengqiu Gate, two lines of golden purple medicine shop (Jin Zi said goldfish bags and purple clothes, Tang and Song dynasty official clothes and accessories, here refers to the palace Chinese medicine officials)... Shanshui Li family mouth throat medicine, stone fish class defense (defense refers to the defense envoy, tang and Song Dynasty military general official name, ban surname ancestor appointed defense envoy, hence the name), silver child Bo Lang Chinese family doctor child, big shoes as the family obstetrics department, the rest of the incense shop, official residence, do not want to remember. The night market is a hundred times more prosperous than the State Bridge, and the cars and horses are crowded, and you can't stop... On the fifth night of the first century, Mahang Street was dozens of miles north and south of the road medicine store, and the number of national doctors was covered. Salty and rich, the sound trick is very, the burning lights are particularly spectacular, so the poet also has many street lights. ”
General Ji Hongchang
During the Republic of China period, on the east side of Nantu Street Road, there was a Huangjia Hutong named after the surname. However, this is not the case with Huangjia Hutong in the west from Nantu Street in the west and to the south entrance of Caoshi Street in the east, which was called Cucumber Hutong in the Ming Dynasty. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, it was renamed Huangjia Hutong. About 50 meters to the south of the west entrance of Huangjia Hutong, there is a small alley running north-south, which was jointly known as Huangjia Hutong during the Qing Dynasty and the east-west direction. In the twenty-fourth year of the Republic of China (1935), it began to separate, and the east-west hutongs were called Dahuangjia Hutong; the north-south hutongs were called Xiaohuangjia Hutongs. The south exit of Xiaohuangjia Hutong is connected to the back street of the College Gate. In the 33rd year of the Qing Dynasty (1907), the Henan Sports Special School was located in Dahuangjia Hutong, which was the first school in Henan Province to cultivate sports talents. The anti-Japanese hero General Ji Hongchang once lived in the No. 2 courtyard of this hutong, known as the Ji Mansion. In the early days of national liberation, General Ji Hongchang's wife, Ms. Hu Hongxia, came to Kaifeng. During her stay in Kaifeng, she was cordially received by the leading comrades of the Henan Provincial Party Committee at that time. During the conversation, Governor Wu Zhipu mentioned that General Ji Hongchang had more than 100 properties in Kaifeng, and Ms. Hu Hongxia immediately said that all of them would be handed over to the public. The property is now No. 40 Da Huang Jia Hutong.
Wu Zhipu, then the governor of Henan Province
The head of the claw is the second mountain, and the story of the cow Jian Kaifeng water control related to the West Gate is told.
Inspector Niu Jian of Henan
Niu was appointed Inspector of Henan in August 1839 (Daoguang 19). In June 1841 (the 21st year of Daoguang), the Yellow River continued to rise, and in less than two days the water level rose to 9 feet 6 inches, and the provincial capital of Kaifeng was in danger. In early July, the ten heavy rains fell for a day and night, and the waves of more than 100 feet high poured down, and the flood at the west gate of Kaifeng was almost the same as that of the city. Niu Jian led the civil and military officials to buy bricks and stones to build embankments in sections and try to dredge waterways. In the middle of the night of the nineteenth day, the northwest city fell, the water entered the city, the people were panicked, rumors were spreading, and the cattle cried bitterly and prayed for the people. The people were deeply moved, and more than 10,000 citizens automatically assembled to transport materials to build the city. The Hui people automatically formed a team to rush to the rescue. Suddenly, the edict ordered the relocation of the provincial capital. Niu Jian reported that the danger city was protected by "the people's hearts and minds", and once the province was moved, the officials and gentry fled, and the people would definitely suffer. The Daoguang Emperor took his advice and ordered them to continue to protect Kaifeng. Therefore, Niu Jian worked with the crowd to build a dike and increase its height and thickness. Within a few days, the flood subsided, the Yellow River returned to its route, and the struggle against floods finally won victory.
So there was, Daoguang twenty-one years is the year of Xin ugly, called the year of the ox; patrol niu jian surname Niu ye; Kaifeng is woniu city also. Therefore, "three cows stand tall", and finally protect the city of Kaifeng without worry!
Yishan is the third mountain, and yimen of The Great LiangCheng of the Wei state is named after Yishan, yimen and the story of "stealing the symbol to save Zhao" are linked, but Yishan and Kaifeng Iron Tower also have deep roots.
Kaifeng Tower
In the tenth year of Northern Qi Tianbao (559), a monk found the ideal "Alan Ruo" in Yishan, northeast of Kaifeng City. "Aranjo" means "idle place" in Buddhism. The monk, whose real name could not be found in the historical records, probably built a thatched hut in the wilderness far from the hustle and bustle, avoiding the interference of mortal dust and concentrating on meditating on the Buddha. He gave his "Alan Ruo" a confucian name--- solitary temple. In the seventeenth year of Tang Kaiyuan (729), that is, one hundred and seventy years after the incense of the Solitary Temple continued, the Solitary Temple ushered in a major event. In that year, Tang Xuanzong, who considered himself a success, followed the example of Qin Shi Huang and Emperor Wu of Han to go to Mount Tai to seal Zen. Returning from Mount Taishan, on the way to Beizhou, Tang Xuanzong and his party stopped for a short rest. While resting, Tang Xuanzong wandered carelessly around the neighborhood and stepped into the Solitary Temple. Probably because he was sympathetic to the excessively shabby condition of the solitary temple, Emperor Xuanzong ordered the temple to be rebuilt. In order to commemorate the activities of the Eastern Tour of Taishan, Tang Xuanzong also named the solitary temple "Fengchan Temple".
The Kaifeng people who are in the plains have a special affection for mountains, and the Gongyue of the Huizong Dynasty of the Northern Song Dynasty, the "Chronicle of the Ruins of Fenjing", has, "Build the Ganyue Wanshou Mountain, drive the Wanfu, and build civil engineering; in five or six years, the poor soo is rare, the gang transports flowers and stones; the world's ingenuity and skill, to camp rockeries, ponds." Emperor Huizong's "Records of Gengyue" has, "As for the mountain circumference of more than ten miles, the peak is ninety steps high; the strange rocks are brand-new cliffs, the cave gorges and streams, and the Qiaomu creation; and the pavilions and pavilions, the daily increase and the monthly benefits, can not be remembered... "The current Kaifeng Banzai Mountain Forest Park was originally the site of the famous imperial garden Ofe In the Northern Song Dynasty. Speaking of Banzai Mountain, it is actually a hill. The ancient city of Kaifeng has water, which is a famous northern water city, but it is a lack of mountains. In the southern scenic area of the Hanyuan Forest of Steles, there are now Yangsheng Mountain, Wencui Mountain and Hanyuan Mountain to make up for the lack of mountains in Kaifeng Water City.