In November 2015, the Russian Navy's cutting-edge Type 22350 frigate officially entered service, this frigate with a displacement of about 4500 tons, although not large, but it is the only medium-sized surface combat ship newly built and equipped by the Russian Navy since the collapse of the Soviet Union, she carries the hope of the revival of the Russian Navy, and witnesses the recovery of the Russian shipbuilding industry, so it is of great significance; and because of this, this ship is named after a well-known figure in the history of the Russian Navy, this person is Gorshkov, Founder of the Soviet Ocean Navy.
Kiev-class aircraft carrier and Type 22350 frigate, two generations of Gorshkov
On February 6, 1910, a baby boy was born in an ordinary family of teachers in Ukraine, which was Sergei Georgievich Gorshkov. Although Russia at that time was in the transition stage of turbulence, so the whole environment could not be said to be peaceful, but in such a family background, the young Gorshkov was still well educated, which was very rare in Russia at that time, which also laid a certain foundation for his future military service.
Gorshkov
Seventeen years later, the childish Gorshkov joined the russian Navy, also very young, and became an ordinary sailor, thus officially opening the curtain on a maritime legend that lasted nearly 60 years.
In the Russian Navy at that time, the cultural level of a large number of ordinary soldiers was indeed not very high, so the well-educated Gorshkov was very prominent, which also made him a very important talent in the military, many people were very important to him, so soon after he joined the army, Gorshkov bid farewell to hard training and was selected to study at the Frunze Naval Academy, one of the top academies in the Russian Navy at that time.
Frunze Naval School
In 1931, Gorshkov, who had very good grades, officially graduated from the Frunze Naval School, turned to the historic Black Sea Fleet and became the navigator of a destroyer, and the following year he was promoted to captain of a frigate of the Pacific Fleet because of his good performance.
Gorshkov's performance in the Pacific Fleet was also outstanding, and soon attracted the attention of Kuznetsov, the commander of the Pacific Fleet at the time, who called Gorshkov a "very prominent young man in the navy" and promoted him to the rank of destroyer captain by exception. After this, Kuznetsov, because he admired the young man's talent very much, took great care of him in the Pacific Fleet, and Gorshkov stayed in the Pacific Fleet for a long time, and soon after was sent to the destroyer captain training class and the naval commander training class organized by the navy high-level to continue his studies, and received a large number of naval theories that were very advanced at that time, which greatly improved his comprehensive ability.
Kuznetsov and the aircraft carrier named after him
In 1938, the 28-year-old Gorshkov officially graduated from the refresher course, and soon after was appointed as the leader of the destroyer detachment of the Pacific Fleet, this young man in his twenties suddenly had several destroyers in his hands, managed thousands of people, and was awarded the rank of colonel.
Just two years later, in 1940, Gorshkov returned to his old owner, the Black Sea Fleet, and was promoted to captain of the cruiser detachment, and in just one year, the fate of him and countless people would be rewritten!
The Black Sea Fleet was equipped with the cruiser Crimea at the time
In 1941, the Germans launched a major offensive against the Soviet Union and soon marched to the shores of the Black Sea, and soon after the Germans began to attack Odessa, an important port of the Black Sea Fleet, to which Gorshkov belonged. So in September of that year, Gorshkov led his troops to participate in the fierce defense of Odessa. He commanded the landing sailors (the battleships had all been lost or withdrawn to the rear) to launch an unexpected attack in the area of Grigorievka on the rear of the German flank, and counterattacked with the army army group Primorsky on the front of Odessa, and achieved some success.
It should be noted that this battle is one of the few battles in which the Soviet army is numerically inferior in World War II, the Soviet army is only more than 120,000 people, while the German and Romanian troops on the opposite side have more than 300,000 people, so although the Soviet army showed quite tenacious in this battle, it was finally outnumbered, and the Soviet army completely withdrew from Odessa in mid-October to The Crimea (soon after Crimea was also occupied by the German army), Gorshkov also had to retreat together, and the German army immediately occupied Odessa and handed it over to Romania.
The Romanians dispatched more than two hundred thousand
The battleships of the Black Sea Fleet fought in conjunction
Subsequently, during the four-year war, Gorshkov's performance has been remarkable, and he has successively served as the commander of the Azov Sea Squadron, the commander of the 47th Army Group, the commander of the Black Sea Fleet Squadron, the commander of the Danube Fleet, etc., leading the troops to participate in the 1941 Battle of Kerch, the Battle of Novorossiysk, etc., and later in the soviet offensive stage in the later stage of the war, he led his troops to capture belgrade, which was occupied by the German army at that time, and the Hungarian capital Budapest, which can be described as a great achievement.
The Battle of Budapest
Soon, Gorshkov's performance attracted the attention of the Soviet hierarchy and he was promoted to rear admiral. But throughout the course of the war, Gorshkov has always had an unsolvable knot - Gorshkov and his naval forces have always been auxiliary roles of the Army, can't the Navy get rid of the position of "army's reinforcement" and complete combat tasks on its own?
During World War II, the Soviet Navy fought alongside the Army as infantry
After the war, Gorshkov served as the commander of the Black Sea Fleet and then the deputy commander of the Navy, and in 1955, the 30,000-ton battleship Novorossiysk (originally the Italian Navy Caesar, which was handed over to the Soviet Union as compensation) in the Soviet Navy, sank in Sevatopol for unknown reasons (rumored to be committed by the Italian frogmen, but it is no longer possible), and the then commander of the navy, Gorbachev's mentor Kuznetsov, had to resign early because of this matter, but "Seion lost his horse, Although Kuznetsov's departure caused the Soviet Navy to lose a great commander-in-chief, it also allowed another talent to officially enter the stage of history - in 1956, the 46-year-old Gorshkov served as the commander-in-chief of the Soviet Navy and the deputy minister of defense, and from then on, the Soviet Navy began to move towards a strong and glorious "Gorshkov era" in its history!
Battleship Novorossiysk
Under Gorshkov's decades-long efforts, the Soviet Navy grew rapidly, from only four Foxtrot-class conventional submarines in 1962 to face tens of thousands of U.S. air and sea troops, to 1973, when it was able to send large fleets, including aircraft carriers and cruisers, to support Egypt and the United States in the eastern Mediterranean to carry out a confrontation of equal strength, the Soviet Navy gradually grew into a global ocean-going navy, the world has known: the U.S. Navy is no longer the master of the sea!
Go to the ocean!
By the 1970s, the Soviet Navy had more than 70 large surface ships and nearly 150 nuclear submarines! There is also a very powerful long-range air force, and has dozens of bases in many parts of the world, including Africa, Asia, and South America, and has Soviet ships cruising in various oceans, including even the doorstep of the United States and NATO: the South Atlantic and the Mediterranean!
Gorshkov gave a strong impetus to the construction of the Kirov class
Guess where it is?
In stark contrast to the great strides of the Soviet Navy, the U.S. Navy at that time was a twilight, the mid-70s was a period of internal and external difficulties in the United States, because the quagmire in Vietnam was getting deeper and deeper, a large number of resources were occupied, so the U.S. Navy had to serve a large number of warships from the Second World War ii period to maintain a certain scale, and even at that time, more than seventy percent of the ships were old ships, and the ratio of ships to the Soviet Union was 436:740, and the United States was already at a disadvantage. At that time, the top level of the US Navy even directly said in a report to President Carter: While the other side's naval strength is increasing, the us Navy's strength is shrinking in great strides.
Liao Hua was a pioneer
In the past 70 years, the United States has also faced economic challenges
At that time, the U.S. Navy could be said to be much weaker in quantity and quality than the Soviet Navy in the same period, and it is reported that although the U.S. aircraft carrier formation at that time looked very powerful, its ship-to-air missiles could only have 36 target channels at the same time, and this is only a theoretical number, in fact, this number may be even lower. 而当时苏联海军的海空编队能够同时部署400个以上的目标，这还不算其庞大的核潜艇力量，如果这些力量连续不断地出动，那么美国海军的舰艇编队将来不及做出反应，且无法进行调整，美海军当时对此可以说是无可奈何。 This was the famous Soviet "saturation tactic", when U.S. Admiral Zumwalt declared that our victory rate against the Soviet Union had fallen below thirteen-five percent.
Zumwalt's head was also bigger
This is also an important reason for the later development of the "Aegis" system by the United States.
The "Aegis" system, which ushered in an era
In 1975, Gorshkov and his Soviet Navy ushered in their own "highlight moments", when the Soviet Navy, under Gorshkov's command, conducted a large-scale exercise called "Ocean-75" around the world. On the oceans of the world, the Soviet Navy's various ships are lined with trees, and all kinds of missiles are like mushrooms! It is really magnificent, and it is not at all lost to the Russian "Western-81" exercise that also frightened NATO a few years later.
At that time, everyone thought that the Soviet Union was going to win
Within a week, drink horses in the English Channel
It was also at that time that Gorshkov's many works such as "The Development of Naval Scholarship" and "The Navy in Wartime and Peacetime" came out one after another, in which Gorshkov elaborated on his own maritime views and naval ideas, which was also the Soviet Navy's foundation in 1918, and finally had its own overall theoretical system for the first time in history, which together with the theories proposed by the American Mahan, have become valuable and important treasures in the history of the world navy.
This is not bad
But soon after, the wheels of history rolled by, and the time turned to the eighties; in 1985, Gorbachev, known for his "new thinking", officially entered the Kremlin, in order to show his overtures to the West and to alleviate the pressure in the Soviet Union, he immediately made the reduction of military strength his important work, and the navy as the main leader naturally bore the brunt of it. In December 1985, Gorbachev appointed his partner Vladimir Nikolaevich Chernawyn as the new head of the Soviet Navy, and Gorshkov, who was already 75 years old at the time, had to resign from his post and leave the Soviet Navy for which he had worked so hard for more than sixty years.
Gorbachev
After taking office, Chernavin quickly changed the strategy of the "ocean-going offensive navy" of the Gorshkov period, changing it to "regional defense", and quickly changed the court after the collapse of the Soviet Union to Yeltsin, becoming the nominal commander of the CIS navy.
The man is currently living in Moscow after retirement
However, I don't know whether it was lucky or unfortunate, all this Gorshkov could not see, because only three years after leaving the Soviet Navy, on May 13, 1988, the 78-year-old veteran general finally passed away! At that time, as soon as this news came out, the Soviet naval ships on the world's major oceans collectively sounded the whistle, which lasted for several minutes, and all the personnel of the Soviet Coast Guard used such a solemn ceremony to bid farewell to their "father", and only two years later, the Soviet Navy, which can be said to have been established by Gorshkov, also walked with him to the old pile of historical paper and ceased to exist together.
The Gorshkov is now also the Vikramaditya of India
Kuznetsov in service
A legend came to an end.
On December 25, 1991, the Soviet Union collapsed