On February 11, China's most celebrated traditional Chinese New Year's Eve and the World International Day of Women and Girls in Science, the U.S. Postal Service issued a permanent commemorative stamp featuring Wu Jianxiong's head. This is a higher honor than the Nobel Prize, and it should be known that in the 245 years since the founding of the United States, there are only a few physicists who have won this honor, such as Einstein, Fermi, and Feynman.
It's a recognition of a master scientist, a recognition of a nation. Commemorating a scientist who has been dead for 24 years in this way shows that his contribution is extraordinary.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > she is a woman with Chinese blood. </h1>
Wu Jianxiong was born in 1912 in Liuhe Town, Taicang, Suzhou, China, according to the habit of taking names Chinese, people with names like Wu Jianxiong are generally considered to be masculine men. Wu Jianxiong's father, Wu Zhongyi, was open-minded and gave Wu Jianxiong such a name since he was a child, hoping that she would be able to improve herself and not let Su Mei go.
Wu Zhongzhi made Ken xiong read and write like a boy from an early age, and studied until national central university (now Nanjing University). In college, Wu Jianxiong was influenced by the writings and spirit of Röntgen, Becquerel, Marie Curie, Einstein and other scientific giants, and decided to change from mathematics to physics, and finally graduated as a physicist.
Wu Jianxiong did not disappoint her father, and her life's achievements surpassed most of the world's sumei. After graduation, she taught at Zhejiang University and later entered the Academia Sinica to engage in research. In 1936, he went to the University of California, Berkeley to study, under the tutelage of Lawrence, Seggery, Oppenheimer and other physics giants, in 1940, Wu Jianxiong obtained a doctorate in physics with honors. The road ahead was a journey of scientific discovery, fruitful, until February 16, 1997, when Wu Jianxiong died in New York at the age of 85.
Wu Jianxiong not only made outstanding contributions to the world's physics scholarship, but also full of affection for his motherland. Since returning to China with her husband for the first time in 1973, she has actively done a lot of work for the education and science cause of her motherland. She was hired as an honorary professor of Nanjing University, Peking University, and University of Science and Technology of China, became a member of the Academic Committee of the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, returned to China for academic exchanges with the school many times, held lectures on cutting-edge physics knowledge, and set up the "Wu Jianxiong, Yuan Jialuo" scholarship to commend students who have outstanding performance in physical experiments.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > talking about her family is likely to have some people dropping their jaws. </h1>
Yuan Shikai everyone knows, right? He has an indelible mark on Chinese history, and we will not comment on his merits and crimes today, but only talk about how today's protagonist, Wu Jianxiong, can get involved with him. It turned out that she was Yuan Shikai's granddaughter-in-law! Yuan Jialuo, the husband who has been together for more than half a century, is the third son of Yuan Kewen, the second son of Yuan Shikai.
And Wu Jianxiong's father was actually an enlightened person who actively participated in the "second revolution" and opposed Yuan yuan. Although Wu Zhongyi did not have a very prominent family lineage, he was also a scholar, participated in the League, and founded the Mingde School in his hometown. After the failure of the "Second Revolution", Wu Zhongyi returned to his hometown of Taicang, Jiangsu Province, and it was during this time that his daughter Wu Jianxiong was born, and he gave her this masculine name, that is, he hoped that she would live up to her expectations and not let her eyebrows be raised.
At this point, Wu Jianxiong did not disappoint him, but the eventual marriage with his "enemy" grandson Yuan Jialuo was unexpected. However, this "young master Yuan" is no longer a royal brother, and his father Yuan Kewen has been poor in the second half of his life, and Yuan Jiaxiao has worked hard to become a generation of famous scientists after studying in the United States.
Not only that, after yuan jiaxiao got married, he took care of the laundry, cooking, vacuuming, and taking care of the children, and gave his wife the greatest love and support, so in the achievements created by Wu Jianxiong, who dares to say that there is no yuan jiaxiao, half of the brother of the former royal prince? "The people of the Yuan family have improved from generation to generation," this was the first time in 1973, yuan jiaxiao and his wife visited China, and then premier Zhou Enlai told them.
Yuan Jiaxiao and Wu Jianxiong, a pair of scientific couples, are soaking with each other and are white-headed and old, and now the souls of the heroes have returned to their hometown and are buried together in the Wu Jianxiong Cemetery in Taicang, Jiangsu Province.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Wu's position in the physics community. </h1>
Wu Jianxiong, the name was first recognized by me, in the introduction of Yang Zhenning, Li Zhengdao's Nobel Prize in Physics achievements ~ "The Law of Non-conservation of Cosmology". All this data undoubtedly confirms the fact that Wu Jianxiong used his superb experimental methods to verify the conjecture of Yang And Lee Theory, thus making an important contribution in this revolution called "the 'cosmic non-conservation' revolution" by the physics community.
The law of non-conservation of the universe has since replaced the law of conservation of the universe that has stood in the field of physics for 30 years, and it can be said that Wu Jianxiong pushed hard, and Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao could quickly reach the podium of the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Without Wu Jianxiong's experimental results, Yang Liyu said that the non-conservation theory can only be an idea, and Wu Jianxiong's experimental results make people see that this is a real existence and a reality in our world. As a result, many scientists believe that Wu Jianxiong deserves to share the Nobel Prize with them. But as a result, in 1957, Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao were on the Nobel podium for this theory, but Wu Jianxiong did not even get the identity of a bystander. This is unfair to many people, including the 1988 Nobel Laureate in Physics Steinberg.
In this regard, Wu Jianxiong did not have any response at that time, but it cannot be said that she did not mind. In a letter to Stallberg, she said: "Although I never did research to win an award, my work was neglected for some reason and still hurt me deeply. ”
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > major awards and honors of a lifetime. </h1>
She is recognized by the world scientific community as one of the world's most outstanding experimental physicists. She has received numerous awards with world impact, notably the National Medal of Science in 1975; the 1986 Alice Island Medal of Honor; the 1991 Puping Memorial Medal; and the 1978 Wolf Prize (Physics).
The first of these awards is the highest science award in the United States, also known as the President's Medal for Science, which is equivalent to China's highest national science and technology award; the second is that the United States is the highest award that recognizes the contributions of immigrants, the United States is an immigrant country, and it is a great honor to receive this award; the third is an award that represents the highest honor in the field of science and engineering; the fourth is an award with the reputation of the Nobel Prize, which is specially established for those who have reached the level of the Nobel Prize but have failed to win the Nobel Prize, and the prize money exceeds the Nobel Prize, and Wu Jianxiong is the first winner after setting this award.
In her lifetime, she has held important positions in many top scientific institutions, including: professor at Columbia University, the first Chinese academician of the American Academy of Sciences, the first female president of the American Physical Society, and a foreign academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Because of her outstanding contributions in many fields, she is known as the "Queen of Nuclear Physics", "The First Lady of Physics", "The Lady of the East", and the China Purple Mountain Observatory named an asteroid with the international number 2752 "Wu Jianxiong Star".
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > she is also the "mother of the atomic bomb". </h1>
She was also selected to participate in the highly classified Manhattan Project as a student, and she was the only Chinese before she became an American citizen. The reason why she was hired out of the box was because she was so good. The Manhattan Project was a secret study of the atomic bomb, and she was responsible for solving the problem of the unsustainable nuclear chain reaction, which was a core problem of the program.
In just a few months, this major subject was conquered, the atomic bomb was born, and the advent of this terrifying weapon of mass destruction promoted the arrival of world peace. The two atomic bombs of Hiroshima and Nagasaki led directly to Japan's unconditional surrender, ending World War II prematurely, ending the millions of casualties that could have been added to the world's subsequent casualties.
As a result, she was known as the "mother of the atomic bomb".
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > how great is Wu Jianxiong's achievement and influence? </h1>
The verification of Yang Li's "cosmological non-conservation law" mentioned above has her outstanding contribution, which subverts human cognition of the world, leads people to have a deeper understanding of the origin of the universe and the nature of matter, changes the direction of physics research, and becomes one of the theoretical foundations of quantum mechanics today;
The law of conservation of the decay of nuclear β in vector flow was proved experimentally, and for the first time in the history of physics, the electromagnetic force was closely related to the weak force, which played an important role in realizing the unity of the four fundamental forces;
Achieved a number of achievements in the decay of β and became a recognized authority in this theoretical field;
The orthodox theory of quantum mechanics was verified experimentally, and the experimental results were consistent with the Bell inequality experiment, and the orthodox law of the Copenhagen interpretation was supported by publishing the article "Angular Correlation and Hidden Variables of Puton Scattering Annihilated Photons", so that the victory and defeat of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics and the dispute over Einstein's hidden variables were clearer and the period more complete;
The mass and magnetic moment of particles such as μ, mesons and antiprotons were accurately determined by the singular atomic method, which is groundbreaking and of high academic value;
The measurement of the Mössbauer effect, as well as in-depth research, yielded many meaningful results.
She also has many research problems that are at the forefront of the world and has made outstanding contributions to the development of physics. Therefore, she deserves her name, is the pride of the Chinese people, and is also a shining example of women in the world.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > a permanent memorial. </h1>
As a scientist, Wu Jianxiong belongs to the whole world and also belongs to China, her ashes have been buried in the homeland, and she is the glory of the sons and daughters of China.
In order to carry forward the scientific spirit of studying and commemorating Wu Jianxiong, Nanjing University established the "Wu Jianxiong Library", Southeast University established the "Southeast University Wu Jianxiong Laboratory", and Yang Zhenning, Li Zhengdao, Ding Zhaozhong, Li Yuanzhe and other four Chinese Nobel laureates initiated the establishment of the "Wu Jianxiong Academic Foundation" in Taipei.
In 1998, the Mingde School in Wu Jianxiong's hometown built the "Wu Jianxiong Cemetery" approved and designed by the world architect I.M. Pei, and now the ashes of Wu Jianxiong and his wife are buried together in this cemetery. On the campus, "Wu Jianxiong Science and Technology Building" and "Mingde Building Memorial Hall" were also built.
In 1999, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council approved the construction of the "Wu Jianxiong Memorial Hall" on the site of the former National Central University (now the Sipailou Campus of Nanjing University), and began to create the "Wu Jianxiong Laboratory of Southeast University" and "Wu Jianxiong College"; in 2004, the People's Government of Jiangsu Province approved the establishment of the "Suzhou Jianxiong Vocational and Technical College", which is a large-scale full-time public ordinary university.
In 2012, the commemoration of the 100th anniversary of Wu Jianxiong's birth was held in Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu Province, during which an exhibition of Wu Jianxiong's deeds, a special lecture on "Science and China" and a seminar on Wu Jianxiong's academic thought were held.
Wu Jianxiong is the greatest female scientist of the Chinese nation so far, her achievements will long affect the process of human civilization, her deeds will always inspire future generations, and she will always live in the hearts of the people of China and even the world.
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