Eggplant is one of the more common vegetables on the table of our Chinese people, processing and eating a variety of delicious taste, eggplant is still one of the rare purple vegetables in nature, in the anthocyanin content and other nutritional qualities, there are also unique features. In terms of production, there are extensive cultivations in the north and south of China, and now it is possible to achieve annual supply, but one of the problems that makes growers very headache in the production process is the cracked fruit of eggplant.
Now China's vegetable production has been greatly developed, in the supply of various types of vegetables, has been relatively rich, under this premise, consumers more and more obviously began to pay attention to the appearance of vegetables commerciality, once the eggplant cracked fruit, commerciality will be greatly reduced, and even lose the value of commodities, some eggplant growers often suffer more serious economic losses.
In recent days, when training farmers in a vegetable production base in Mudanjiang, there are eggplant growers who reflect this problem and seek a solution from me, eggplant cracking fruit is a typical physiological disease, the causes of fruit splitting and prevention methods, next let's discuss with you:
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > nutrient supply is unbalanced</h1>
Eggplant is a high-yield fertilizer-loving vegetable, to obtain high yield needs to ensure the adequate supply of nutrients, to my personal understanding of vegetable farmers friends, in the fertilization of everyone is more willing to invest, but in the fertilization structure but the lack of scientific guidance, the result is often nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium three a large number of elements generally exceed the standard, especially the phosphorus element exceeds the standard on average about 4 times, and in stark contrast to this is the shortage of trace elements supply.
Among them, the insufficient supply of calcium and boron elements is an important cause of eggplant cracking, calcium is an important element of the cell wall, if the cell wall is a cement wall that protects the cells, then the calcium element is to improve the solidity of the city wall in the process of building the city wall, when the supply of calcium elements is insufficient, the strength of the cell wall will become worse, and when encountering a bad growth environment, the fruit will be easy to crack.
Let's talk about boron, we all know that boron plays an important role in ensuring the normal differentiation of vegetable buds, which can ensure normal differentiation of flower buds, avoid deformity of future fruits, and prevent cracking, on the other hand, boron can increase the viscosity between cells and cells, so that in the process of eggplant expansion, when encountering abnormalities, it can play a better buffering role, thereby reducing the possibility of fruit splitting.
Calcium is the medium element of solanum fruit vegetable demand second only to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but in the process of fertilization, compared with the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, vegetable farmers pay far less attention to calcium. In order to improve the level of soil calcium supply, for acidic soil, quicklime can be properly applied, but the annual dosage should not exceed 50kg, otherwise it is easy to cause soil hardening, reduced cultivatability, and it is best to mix with organic fertilizer after application, so that the efficiency is higher.
Relative to calcium fertilizer, the absolute demand for boron fertilizer of eggplant is relatively low, in the production process, out of the application of sufficient organic fertilizer, the direct and efficient method is to spray water-soluble boron fertilizer on the foliar surface, especially in the peak period of flowers and fruits, pay attention to foliar supplementation of boron fertilizer, the frequency is about once every 7-10 days, calcium fertilizer can also be supplemented by foliar surface, but it is mainly based on machine fertilizer.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > uneven moisture supply</h1>
Similar to eggplant split fruit, radish, tomato, kale and other vegetable leaves often appear commercial organ cracking, but there is a common point in the cause of occurrence, that is, the water supply is unbalanced, specifically, in the early stage of growth, the water supply is relatively balanced, the internal and external pulp cell division rate of eggplant fruit is relatively balanced, and cracking is not allowed, but in the later stage of growth, eggplant is close to the external cells of the peel, the division rate is slowed down, and the internal cell division rate is relatively vigorous, when the soil increases in the later stage of water supply This phenomenon is more pronounced and often manifests as a split fruit.
In the later stage of fruit expansion, the water supply suddenly increases, which is the most common cause of eggplant cracking, for eggplant produced in the open field, due to the large uncontrollable nature of natural precipitation, to prevent fruit splitting, it is necessary to enhance the drainage capacity of the field, and when choosing a cultivation plot, a higher terrain should be selected.
For the production of shed eggplant, it is necessary to strengthen the management of water, so that in the whole growth process, the water supply speed remains balanced, small water is watered frequently, in the fruiting period, when the demand for water is relatively large, it is necessary to gradually increase the amount of water supply in stages, and avoid too much single water supply of large water.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > temperature conditions are not suitable</h1>
The premise of good eggplant results is that the flower buds are well differentiated, an important premise of good flower bud differentiation is that the temperature is suitable, compared with tomatoes, when encountering abnormal temperature conditions, it is not easy to fall flowers and fruits, but it will cause flower organ dysplasia and further lead to an increase in the proportion of cracked fruits.
Therefore, mastering the temperature of the growth period of eggplant is also an important way to reduce the loss of cultivation, eggplant belongs to a more temperature-loving type of vegetables, most varieties are more suitable for the daytime temperature of 26-28 ° C, but if in the flower bud differentiation period, because of the climatic conditions such as rain, the temperature continues to be lower than 15 degrees Celsius, it will lead to abnormal growth phenomena such as short column flowers and flower column cracking.
This is also an important reason why early spring stubble of greenhouse eggplant is more likely to appear cracked fruit, for shed eggplant production, effectively prevent the occurrence of this situation, it is necessary to strengthen the management of heat preservation, while according to the thermal insulation and warming conditions of the facility to reasonably arrange the colonization period, and for open-field cultivation, it is mainly based on the local temperature change law, reasonable determination of seedlings and colonization time, while in the selection of varieties, should choose varieties that are resistant to cracked fruit.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > insect infestation</h1>
The main insect pest that causes eggplant to split fruit is tea yellow mite, the surface of the fruit that has been harmed by tea yellow mite will become very rough, lose its luster, and even the cells on the epidermis lose the ability to further divide and grow, if the tea yellow mite is harmful to the young fruit, then in the growth process, once the water supply is unbalanced, or the supply of calcium fertilizer is insufficient, it is more likely to produce cracked fruit.
Commonly used agents for the prevention and control of tea yellow mites are Uranus emulsion, insect mite milk oil, etc., however, for the production of sheds, a more efficient and thorough prevention and control method is to use smoke machines such as Da Mites and Isopropylvir to smoke and kill after sealing the shed, but it is necessary to pay attention to the amount of use according to the instructions, the amount of small effect is not obvious, and the amount of sulfur is caused to the plant because of the sulfur in it.