Foreword: Qingdao area blueberry cold shed, field blueberry is in the ripe harvest period, and flies are a major potential pest during this period, fruit flies on the harm of blueberry fruit has a hidden nature, this period of fruit fly control work is not good, light caused by the amount of blueberry fresh fruit commodities is less, heavy with fruit fly maggot blueberry fruit into the market, into the hands of consumers, will be because the blueberry fruit with maggots and affect their own brand image. Therefore, the multi-year fruit fly control technology is now systematically summarized and shared for the blueberry fruit fly control as a reference.
1. Know fruit flies
The most feared pest of blueberries during the ripening period is the fruit fly, which is hidden from the harm of blueberry fruit and is difficult to detect.
I believe that many people may be unfamiliar with fruit flies, but they are very familiar with flies; fruit flies can be understood as close relatives of flies - (resembling a miniature version of flies).
Fruit flies are formed
2. The harm of fruit flies to blueberry fruits
Although fruit fly adult insects have little impact on the growth of blueberries, but fruit fly adults lay eggs under the ripe, nearly ripe blueberry peel, after the eggs hatch, to the larvae to eat sap in situ as a pest, the larvae first in the fruit epidermis, and then eat to the heart of the fruit, the fruit after the damage gradually softens, browning, decay, the larva develops into an old mature larvae after biting the peel and de-fruiting, seriously affecting the safety and commodity value of blueberry fruit, and if the maggot fruit is not strictly controlled, let it flow into the market, the presence of maggots will seriously affect the brand image.
Fruit fly maggots
Fruit flies reproduce quickly, generally completing a generation in 12 days, and each adult can lay more than 300 eggs in a lifetime.
Life history of fruit flies
3. Composition of fruit flies in blueberry orchards in Qingdao (this part is excerpted from an article published by Friends of Fruit Growers)
In the Qingdao area blueberry planting park, the use of sweet and sour liquid to induce blueberry park fruit flies, through the collection and identification, blueberry park mainly has four kinds of fruit flies, namely black-bellied fruit fly, spot-winged fruit fly, Hyde's fruit fly, Imi fruit fly, of which the black-bellied fruit fly population is the largest, followed by spot-winged fruit fly, the remaining two fruit fly population is very small.
The main causes of harm to blueberry fruit are Spot-winged Fruit Fly and Black-bellied Fruit Fly. Spot-winged fruit fly has a powerful egg-laying apparatus that can puncture the blueberry peel and lay eggs inside the fruit; the black-bellied fruit fly does not have an egg-laying apparatus sufficient to pierce the peel, and can only cause harm if the blueberry fruit is overripe or the fruit has a gap.
Spot-winged fruit fly female egg layer
Qingdao blueberry park fruit fly adults first seen in early May, in mid-December no longer lure fruit flies, fruit fly full activity period, sweet and sour solution to induce the total number of adult fruit fly is: black-bellied fruit fly: spot-winged fruit fly: Hyde fruit fly: Ymi fruit fly = 58:35:6:1; herma-to-male ratio: black-bellied fruit fly 1.8:1, spot-winged fruit fly 1.3:1, Hyde fruit fly 1.9:1, Imi fruit fly 1:1.
4. Fruit fly growth dynamics in the blueberry park in Qingdao (this part of the content is excerpted from the article published in scientific breeding)
The first small peak occurred on June 25, before which the number of fruit flies in the greenhouse was at a low level, and a total of 15 fruit flies were detected in five monitors on June 15, while the ripening of blueberries in the warm shed began in the area from early April to mid-June, and the ripening period was staggered with the growth of the fruit fly population.
From May 4, the number of fruit flies began to be attracted, and on May 11, there was a small peak, and from June 8, the population rose rapidly, reaching a peak, that is, June 25, and then the number of fruit flies fluctuated up and down, but its number was at a high level until August 17; the cold shed fruit picking began in late May and ended in mid-July, but this period was a period of continuous increase in the number of fruit flies.
From May 4 to attract fruit flies, there was a small peak on May 11, from June 8 to June 29 to reach a peak, the field began to pick fruit in mid-June, to the end of July, during this time, the field fruit fly population although fluctuating up and down, but still at a high level.
5. Fruit fly control
5.1. Fruit fly control in the warm shed
The warm shed blueberries in this area from the beginning of April to the end of the harvest in mid-June, from Figure 1, the number of fruit flies in the shed during this period is at a low level, compared with the same period of cold shed and field fruit fly population is significantly low, and the number has remained stable, which may be related to the warm shed has a film cover, to prevent fruit flies from migrating into the shed Has a certain relationship, since June 15, the number of fruit fly populations has gone higher, and then similar to the growth trend of the field cold shed, but the number is low, which may be related to the removal of the greenhouse film at the end of harvest on the one hand. On the other hand, it is related to the relatively single environment around the greenhouse. Therefore, for the control of fruit flies in the warm shed, the following methods are adopted: (1) When the blueberries in the shed change color, the sweet and sour liquid is hung for booby trap, specifically the prepared sweet and sour liquid (sugar: vinegar: white wine: water = 1: 2: 2: 4) is placed in a container (this container can be made by mineral water bottles) to make a trap, and the recommended amount is 30 traps/sheds. (2) It is recommended to spray ethyl polybactericide at the end of the greenhouse fruit, and reasonably arrange the harvest according to the safe interval after the drug, so as to avoid the occurrence of fruit pesticide residues exceeding the standard.
5.2. Control of fruit flies in cold sheds and fields
In these two modes, the degree of occurrence of fruit flies is much higher than that of the warm shed, the annual causal fly caused by the reduction of the amount of blueberry commodities, the control of fruit flies in the mature stage of these two models is an important and serious agricultural matter, from the perspective of the growth curve of the two modes of fruit flies, during the harvest period of the two modes, the number of fruit flies is at a high level, therefore, the pressure of cold shed, field blueberry fruit fly control is bound to be greater than that of the warm shed, in view of such differences, the following measures can be used for the control of fruit flies in the cold shed: (1) clean the orchard, maintain the health of the orchard, and harvest in a timely manner Before the rainfall, arrange the harvest plan in a timely and reasonable manner; (2) In late May, all sheds or the whole garden will be hung with sweet and sour liquid, the specific method and recommended amount refer to the warm shed, regularly remove the adult worms in the bottle, and add and replace the sweet and sour liquid every week. (3) Use biological sources and plant-derived pesticides (such as matrine) with good killing effect, rapid degradation and short safety interval 10 to 15 days before the fruit ripens. A vitamin salt, etc.) tree spray to prevent fruit flies from spawning on the fruit. (4) In the harvesting process at any time to check the number of fruit flies in the monitor, such as the number of population outbreaks, it is recommended to spray the agent, the use of high safety agents, such as ethyl polybactericide, after the drug must be in accordance with the drug safety interval reasonable arrangements for picking.
At last:
(1) Parts 3-5 of this paper are all research results in Qingdao area, and the control of fruit flies in blueberry orchards in other areas needs to be based on the specific occurrence of local fruit flies, and this paper only provides one idea.
(2) This article is a compilation of previously published papers. Three parts are excerpted from his paper "Blueberry Garden Fruit Fly Species and Control Measures" published in Friends of Growers, and parts 4 and 5 are excerpted from his paper published in scientific breeding "Blueberry Garden Fruit Fly Extinction Dynamics and Control Measures under Different Cultivation Modes".
(3) If the article is inappropriate, we welcome everyone to exchange and discuss.