"Autumn winds, crab feet itch." With the opening of Yangcheng Lake, some food lovers said that they could not hold back, and asked when the local crabs in Shanghai were listed? In this regard, many gourmets are very calm, the best time to eat crab is "when wearing two clothes", that is, from mid-to-late October to November, the delicious food is worth waiting for.
It is reported that more than 60% of the adult crabs farmed in Shanghai are "Jianghai 21". This crab is not only large in size, good in taste, but also has a high appearance, known as "big legs". But what many people don't know is that hairy crabs are also scientific research results. "Jianghai 21" condenses the wisdom of aquatic experts at Shanghai Ocean University.
Shanghai is a modern international metropolis born of water and prosperous because of water. In recent years, Shanghai has actively built an aquaculture system suitable for megacities, and aquaculture has become a characteristic industry of Shanghai's agriculture.
The 4th Global Aquaculture Congress was held in Shanghai. During the meeting, the reporter interviewed the aquatic experts of Shanghai Ocean University, who proudly said that Shanghai is one of the main areas of aquatic breeding in the country. Matching the megacities, Shanghai has embarked on a delicate green and sustainable aquaculture path: aquaculture land is both a fishery production area, an urban ecological conservation area, and a suburban people's recreation area. "Green pastoral, green technology, green products" to help rural revitalization.
One horse can sell for 500 pieces
Why is "Jianghai 21" favored by the public?
How much do Shanghainese love crab? Wang Chenghui, chief expert of Shanghai River Crab Industry Technology System and professor of Shanghai Ocean University, said, "Shanghai consumes about 60,000 tons of hairy crabs a year, which is already one of the most important hairy crab markets in the country. ”
Because of the huge consumer market, many places regard the entry of local crabs into the Shanghai market as a major symbol of quality and development. However, among the many hairy crabs, the favorite of many citizens is still "Jianghai 21".
Speaking of "Jianghai 21", Wang Chenghui is full of pride, which is the scientific research results cultivated by him and his team after 20 years, with independent intellectual property rights. An adult crab, the female crab can reach 6 two, the male crab can reach 8 two, a single horse can sell 500 pieces, the price in the market can be described as far ahead.
Not low price, everyone is still rushing to buy, the reason is what? Wang Chenghui revealed that the cultivation of this Chinese river crab is quite exquisite. They not only grow in a beautiful environment known as the "water forest", but also eat natural foods such as corn and carrots, and adult crabs "even creak nests are clean". The beautiful breeding environment brings excellent breeding quality. The characteristics of fat head, fresh and sweet aftertaste, and yellow paste and oil are the best signboards. At present, this variety has been promoted in nearly 20 regions such as Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong and Henan.
But high quality does not mean that it is difficult for ordinary citizens to enjoy. Wang Chenghui said that the team has bred Chinese river crabs of different sizes and levels, and the price of one horse ranges from 40-500 yuan. Ensure that people can afford to eat, eat well, and eat happily.
Green integrated breeding
The aquaculture area can also be a 3A scenic spot!
How to make the public happy to eat? The aquatic experts at Shanghai Ocean University have not bothered to think about it. Traditionally, aquaculture is difficult to equate with cleanliness. However, with the efforts of the research team of Shanghai Ocean University, through the development of green comprehensive breeding, the aquaculture base can also become a 3A scenic spot!
Ma Xuzhou, associate professor of the School of Fisheries and Life Sciences of Shanghai Ocean University, has been working on the technology of crab farming in rice fields for many years. He told reporters that on the one hand, the scientifically farmed "rice crab" can ensure grain production, and after rice absorption, it will deoxidize the water and dephosphorize it, and it will not cause environmental pollution, especially suitable for cities with small water areas and more rice fields such as Shanghai. The latest technology has been able to achieve zero discharge of aquaculture tailwater.
Wang Chenghui's team was the first to design an aquaculture area with a garden-style concept and develop landscape-based fisheries. At present, the team is cooperating with Xin'an Village, Sanxing Town, Chongming District. As a well-known net red village, it not only introduces the ecological breeding of "Jianghai No. 21" hairy crabs, but also takes Haitang Lake as the core to strengthen the transformation of water bodies, create underwater grasslands, build water forest, create water surface communities, and form a pastoral ecological wetland park with clear water, green grass, yellow rice, crab fertilizer and Jingmei as one of the "swimming entertainment".
Wang Chenghui's wish is to build an ecosystem of "high-end exquisite consumption, mid-end experience consumption, and low-end happiness consumption". It is not only necessary to ensure that everyone can afford to eat aquatic products, but also to develop some aquaculture contact fisheries for the urban middle class, promote experiential consumption and personalized services in the middle stage, and at the same time, create a delicate fishery road so that aquatic products can meet the consumption needs of high-end people.
Creation of "Aquatic Chips"
Let more seafood aristocrats enter the homes of ordinary people
It took 20 years to breed new varieties of crabs, why? Wang Chenghui said, "Chinese's rice bowl must be firmly held in your own hands." Not only rice, but also aquatic products.
China is the world's largest aquaculture country. Taking 2020 as an example, China's total aquaculture production reached 52.24 million tons, ranking first in the world for 32 consecutive years. About a quarter of China's animal protein consumption comes from farmed aquatic products. According to experts, according to the needs of population development, aquaculture production in 2050 needs to increase by 130% to meet the needs. If we don't do aquatic breeding, we are likely to face a card neck dilemma similar to that of chips.
Tang Qisheng, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, introduced that as of now, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has issued a total of 240 new aquatic product varieties, and the continuous innovation of aquatic products in China has provided an important seed source guarantee for the high-quality development of aquaculture. Among them, among the research team of Shanghai Ocean University, only Wang Chenghui's team contributed 6 new varieties.
In order to prevent the problem of aquatic card neck, the aquatic germplasm resources strategic innovation team of Shanghai Ocean University created the "aquatic chip".
They took the fish shellfish and other cultured species with good breeding foundation and research background of Shanghai Ocean University as the object, and through the fine analysis of multiple omics such as genomics, they elucidated the genetic and molecular mechanisms of controlling important economic traits such as growth, stress resistance and disease resistance, created safe and efficient new technologies for the cultivation of good seeds, and cultivated excellent breeding varieties. They not only developed the spinnaker mussel "Shenzi No. 1", the "Shenzhe No. 1" of the mutilation clam and the "Pujiang No. 2" of the Tuantou bream, but also created the genetic evaluation technology of grass carp excellent germplasm, and promoted more than 5 strains of grass carp, tuantou bream, spinnaker mussel, and chamomile, creating economic benefits of more than 1 billion yuan.
Speaking of the future, many experts said that their goal is to build more aquatic product brands with Shanghai characteristics, urban characteristics and green characteristics with the research team.
Author: Wu Jinjiao
Editor: Chu Shuting
Photo: Wen Wei Po photo gallery, courtesy of Shanghai Ocean University