The application of the eight-character fish culture in the reduction of aquaculture drugs

Text: Guangdong Fishery Technology Extension Station Zhong Xiaoqing Mai Liangbin

Zhongshan Marine and Fishery Technology Center Ye Shucai

Guangdong is one of the major fishery provinces in the country, and the "big" is comprehensive, not only reflected in the total amount, but also in the mode of production, fishing, aquaculture, processing, circulation and consumption, is an industrial chain. Taking aquaculture as an example, the "big" is not only reflected in the variety and large area, but also in the type and mode, there are seawater and freshwater, brackish water, freshwater pond culture as the main body, covering Shantang Reservoir, Heyong Lake, Taipa rice field and cages, containers, factory culture, of which the yield is unique. For example, Guangdong has always maintained the record for the highest aquaculture yield in the country. On the one hand, this feature makes Guangdong the main production area of commercial fish in the country, is the production base of farmed aquatic products in the country and even the world, on the other hand, it exceeds the load and carrying of natural environmental conditions, overdrafts the inherent immunity and disease resistance of aquaculture animals, causes frequent and high incidence of breeding diseases, and if there is a disease, it is necessary to apply medicine, and the disease is urgently applied to the doctor, highlighting the problem of excessive use and abuse of fishery drugs. This problem has a long history, there are hundreds of harms and no benefits, polluting the breeding environment, affecting the development of the industry stamina, increasing the cost of aquaculture production, increasing the difficulty of increasing the income of fisheries and farmers, causing aquatic products to exceed the standard, reducing the quality and safety level of aquatic products, and directly affecting people's physical health and life safety. In order to solve this problem, Guangdong's fishery industry has been working hard and has achieved certain results. One of them is that according to the work deployment of the Fishery and Fishery Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, combined with the promotion of fishery technology in Guangdong and the actual situation of aquaculture, the traditional eight-character fish farming economy is applied to the reduction of aquaculture drugs. Traditional fish farming eight character classic, that is, aquaculture is composed of water, species, feeding, dense, mixed, round, prevention, management of eight technical links, this is the majority of aquaculture operators from the production practice summarized out of the aquaculture technology essentials, aquaculture drug reduction is based on the characteristics and laws of aquaculture disease occurrence, adhere to the prevention of the main, prevention and control of the principle of combination, integration of basic, applied theory as one, focus on the commonality and personality technology at one point, in aquaculture involved in the water, species, feeding and dense, mixed, round and prevention, Focusing on and exerting efforts on the eight production technology links can reach the purpose of reducing the amount of aquaculture drugs.

<b>The first is to highlight "water" and reduce the use of aquaculture drugs in environmental protection</b>

Water is the aquaculture environment. At present, under the unified leadership of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, all parts of Guangdong Province have prepared a regional plan for the beaches of aquaculture waters, according to this reality, all localities are required to take the functional zoning of the three areas of the forbidden area, the restricted area and the fertile area as the guide, carry out fishery environmental monitoring in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of the state, prohibit the discharge of toxic and harmful industrial wastewater and domestic sewage into the waters of the forbidden area, carry out protective breeding in the fertile area, such as artificial breeding and stocking, protect fishery environmental resources, and demonstrate and promote advanced practical technologies in the fertile areas. Guide aquaculture operators to regulate water quality, regulate and optimize water bodies, improve and activate the bottom environment, implement the functionalization, ecology and landscape improvement and transformation of ponds and other facilities, and promote the traditional pond and other aquaculture models to pond engineering circulating water environmental protection aquaculture, container land-based water push aquaculture and factory assembly line aquaculture. Aquaculture is a seven-point environment, two nutrients, one treatment, this measure can reduce the probability of disease occurrence and reduce the amount of drugs used in aquaculture.

<b>The second is to highlight the "species" and reduce the use of aquaculture drugs in the resource conservation link</b>

"Species" is the fishery germplasm resource, which is the material basis for the sustainable development of aquaculture. In accordance with relevant laws and regulations, it is necessary to set up fishing ban periods and fishing ban areas in natural and mountain pond reservoirs such as rivers, lakes and seas, and other artificial fishing waters in accordance with the law, prohibit electric explosive poisoning operations, and protect wild fishery germplasm population resources; at the same time, we should guide and encourage aquaculture enterprises and professional households to create original seed farms, fine seed farms, seedling breeding, and seedling breeding farms. 1. It is required that such sites carry out the preservation of original seeds, the selection of good seeds and the breeding of seedlings and the cultivation of seedlings in strict accordance with the relevant national standards and relevant operating procedures, especially the breeding and cultivation of high-quality aquatic fry with strong immunity and disease resistance; 2. Require the aquatic technology promotion institutions in the province to carry out quarantine of seedlings in strict accordance with the "Animal Epidemic Prevention Law" and other relevant laws and regulations, and control the circulation and spread of virus-carrying seedlings, so as to reduce the occurrence of epidemic diseases; 3. Aquaculture enterprises and fishing farmers are required to select seedlings produced by seed farms with seed production licenses, and preferably select excellent new varieties and their seedlings approved by the state. A three-pronged approach can improve the coverage rate of fine seeds and reduce the occurrence of breeding diseases, thereby reducing the amount of drugs used in aquaculture.

<b>The third is to highlight "feeding" and reduce the use of aquaculture drugs in the feed feeding link</b>

"Feed" means natural food and artificial compound feed. This is because the disease comes from the mouth, which is the key to reducing the use of aquaculture. At present, the frequent occurrence and high incidence of aquaculture animal diseases are mainly due to people's pursuit of fast growth, fast expansion and preemptive market, in the feed feeding link, mainly due to malnutrition caused by insufficient intake of aquaculture animal larvae and sub-adult natural bait adult artificial compound feed. In order to solve this problem, the province's fishery technology extension agency will work in the following two aspects. On the one hand, the demonstration and promotion of ecological healthy seedling cultivation technology, mainly fertilizer water cultivation seedlings, the use of natural biological bait to cultivate imitation ecological wild seedlings with strong immunity and disease resistance, such seedlings are coarse, easy to raise, strong disease resistance, laying a solid foundation for the healthy growth of aquaculture animals; on the other hand, guide aquatic feed additive processing and manufacturing enterprises to carry out feed formula and processing process innovation, research and development and production of balanced nutrition, outstanding health care functions, High-quality, safe and efficient artificial full-price compound feed to meet the production needs, which not only improves the disease resistance of aquaculture animals, but also reduces the high feed coefficient, reduces the discharge of residual feeding feces, optimizes the aquaculture water environment, reduces the occurrence of diseases, and greatly reduces the use of aquaculture drugs.

<b>The fourth is to highlight the "dense" and reduce the use of breeding drugs in the seed release link</b>

"Dense" refers to the number of seed stocking in the unit culture water body and the breeding capacity of the finished product. Aquaculture is a very territorial sense of aquaculture production, the production must be sunlight, air load and water, soil and vegetation bearing range, and people in order to pursue high yields have implemented a single species of high-density stocking of seedlings and high-intensity feeding feed and water quality regulators, substrate improvers and supporting the use of aerators, greenhouses and insulation greenhouses and other facilities, the initiative makes aquaculture lose the material support of the environment, resulting in the deterioration of the breeding ecological environment, and intensifies the survival competition within the aquaculture animal population The inherent immunity and disease resistance of aquaculture animals are overdrawn, and the three factors will form a synergy when superimposed together, resulting in the old diseases of breeding that have not yet been cured, new diseases have arisen, and difficult and miscellaneous diseases are frequent and high. To solve this problem, it is mainly to guide aquaculture operators to emancipate their minds, update their concepts, use ecological and healthy breeding technology models, help them accurately calculate the breeding capacity, reduce the density of seed stocking and feed feeding intensity, implement total aquaculture control, reduce the pressure of the environment, reduce the risk of breeding diseases, and thus reduce the amount of aquaculture drugs.

<b>The fifth is to highlight the "mixing" and reduce the use of breeding drugs in the variety composition link</b>

"Mixed" refers to the unique three-dimensional multi-species polyculture of aquaculture, which is determined by the level of habitat and feeding habits of different species of aquaculture animals in the water body, which is the specific application of ecological science in aquaculture. Taking freshwater pond culture as an example, the traditional cultivation of large grass carp and carp bream is mainly carried out through the implementation of the "one grass with three silver carp" model, which has universal guiding significance. In the prevention and control of aquaculture diseases and the reduction of aquaculture drugs, the model is extended to the breeding and production of famous and special species, such as perch, eel, catfish and turtles, etc., in the polyculture, overculture or rotation of a certain proportion of herbivorous, filter-feeding and omnivorous fish of the main breed, which not only optimizes the breeding environment but also plays the role of a health care doctor, It provides strong support for the main breeding species and also significantly reduces the risk of breeding diseases. In this aquaculture reduction action, the application of this technology to seawater ponds, cage fish farming, shellfish culture and freshwater aquaculture models such as rivers and lakes, mountain ponds, reservoirs, and taipa rice fields can reduce the incidence of disease and reduce or even eliminate the use of drugs.

<b>The sixth is to highlight the "wheel" and reduce the use of aquaculture drugs in the technical model link</b>

"Wheel" refers to the breeding method of different aquatic economic animals in different years or at different times of the same year. This is because the same species or the same type of breeding in the same water body for a long time, if there is no rest, no breeding site remediation and transformation, especially substrate improvement, it will be because of the accumulation of breeding wastes such as residual feeding and feces, which will cause the degradation of the water and soil function of the breeding water, water and soil, the aging and deterioration of the environment, such as parasites, bacteria and viruses and other pathogens will breed and reproduce in large quantities, and the environment will be difficult to give strong support to the life of aquaculture animals; if it is not rotated, the same species or the same type of breed will be raised. The farmed animal will overdraw the unique inorganic salts, organic matter and biological nutrients such as bacteria and insects in the region, which will cause desertification in the farmed area. Therefore, to achieve the healthy and sustainable development of aquaculture, it is necessary to guide aquaculture breeders to carry out rest and rotation, especially rotation, such as rice and fish (shrimp, turtle) rotation on the basis of reasonable intensive culture and three-dimensional multi-species polyculture, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the use of aquaculture.

<b>The seventh is to highlight "prevention" and reduce the use of breeding drugs in the prevention and control of diseases</b>

"Prevention" mainly refers to the prevention and control of aquaculture diseases. In this operation, in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of the state, the whole process and all-round prevention and control of aquaculture diseases should be carried out from beginning to end. The first is to implement quarantine of aquatic fry production areas to control diseases in the upstream link of aquaculture, and secondly, to carry out aquaculture disease monitoring in the commercial aquaculture link, to make forecasts on the occurrence of aquaculture diseases and their epidemics, and to propose a series of countermeasures. The incidence of aquaculture diseases will be reduced through upstream plugging and middle and downstream evacuation. At the same time, aquaculture diseases have the commonality of groups and specific personalities, and personalized treatment should be carried out under the guidance of common principles or principles. Under the guidance of modern veterinary medicine, we will establish a system of practicing fishery doctors and prescription drugs, carry out precise and efficient treatment from exogenous mass parasites, bacteria, viruses and endogenous individual nutrition and growth and development disorders according to the degree of harm and difficulty of prevention, and at the same time promote the use of functional animal health products with the research and development of Chinese herbal medicine as the center to reduce the amount of medication.

<b>The eighth is to highlight the "pipe word" and reduce the use of aquaculture drugs in the daily management link</b>

"Pipe" mainly refers to the daily management of aquaculture, the link is comprehensive, is the basic skill of aquaculture, to take this action as an opportunity, gradually change the past traditional morning and evening pond patrol, look at the weather, look at the water color, see the feeding and activities of aquaculture animals and other four looks and feed four fixed timing, positioning, quality, quantitative feeding and other extensive breeding, empirical and personalized management, promote the construction of aquaculture production daily management system, the use of the system for scientific, precise, refined management, The center is to guide aquaculture enterprises and fishermen to build production accounts, register the purchased seeds, feed and their additives and drugs, and build a comprehensive monitoring system from site remediation and transformation, water quality and substrate regulation, and seed release, feed feeding, disease prevention and control to aquatic product quality and safety, strictly prohibit the application of prohibited fish drugs, and strictly follow the drug suspension period system to catch and market, so as to reduce the amount of aquaculture drugs and improve the quality and safety of aquatic products.

<b>conclusion</b>

Eight-character fish farming is the majority of aquaculture industry from the production practice summarized out of the aquaculture technology essentials, the theoretical theme is prominent, profound connotation, extended broad, very flexible, and after the double test of time and practice, the productivity is extremely strong, the application of the theory to the aquaculture drug reduction action is a successful example. (<b>This article is transferred from [</b><b>Scientific Fish Farming</b><b>].) If you have copyright questions, please contact</b> [email protected]<b>. </b>）