1, Today's "Nature": Explore the mystery of memory for a hundred years, why some smells always remind people of the past
Source: Academic Latitude and Longitude
Position of fan cells in mouse brains
This ability to memorize irrelevant items (such as smell and location, sound and event) is called "associative memory" and is one of the most basic forms of memory in everyday life. In diseases such as Alzheimer's disease that affect the cognitive function of the brain, the patient's ability to correlate memory declines. To this day, the mechanism behind how the brain forms associative memories has always been a mystery.
In a research paper just launched in the leading academic journal Nature, neuroscientists at the University of California, Irvine, for the first time found neurons called fan cells in the medial temporal lobe, the medial temporal lobe, the brain's memory center. They are responsible for acquiring new associated memories and are controlled by dopamine signaling.
Read the link:
Nature Today: Exploring the centuries-old mystery of memory, why some smells always remind people of the past
2, [Frontier] reveals the key role that DNA base excision repair plays in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease
Source: Parkinson's Association of Patients
Neural characterization (regulation in a hexagonal manner)
Aging, genomic stress, and abnormal mitochondrial function are risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, and although genomic instability is associated with aging and mitochondrial damage, scientists know very little about the underlying mechanisms behind it.
Recently, in a study published in Cell Reports, scientists from the University of Oslo and other institutions in Norway revealed the new role of the BASE Excision Repair (BER) pathway in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. The results elucidate the novel molecular mechanism behind the harmful effects of BER imbalance on the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
[Frontier] reveals the key role that DNA base excision repair plays in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease
3, Mozart's music can really cure the disease? This research adds another hammer! 30 seconds to calm the brain, other music really can't do it
Source: Lilac Academic
Transitions in the longer K448 segments increase the activity of the frontal sigma wave
The transition of the longer K448 segment increases the active epilepsy of the frontal lobe θ wave affects about 1% of the global population, and in addition to seizures and their associated complications, epileptic patients experience interictal Epileptiform Discharges (IEDs). IEDs are caused by transient, synchronized cluster discharges that are associated with seizure frequency and cognitive impairment. Mozart's Double Piano Sonata in D major (K448) has been shown in a number of EEG and MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING studies to reduce activity in both onset and intercurrent epilepsy.
In addition, with the exception of Mozart's Piano Sonata in C major (K545), the therapeutic effects of K448 are beyond the ability of other musical stimuli to replicate. The research team at Geisel School of Medicine in Dartmouth, USA, published a study in Scientific Reports, which systematically evaluated the effect of Mozart's K448 on the brain's neural network, and revealed the time dependence of the "Mozart K448 effect". This study reveals how Mozart's K448 treats epilepsy, which could spur the development of new, noninvasive music therapies for better application to the treatment of refractory epilepsy.
Can Mozart's music really cure the disease? This research adds another hammer! 30 seconds to calm the brain, other music really can't do it
4. Research | Brain networks for facial expression processing are explored through meta-analysis studies
Source: Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Facial expressions process brain networks
Facial expression processing is an important ability for humans to interpret the emotional state of others and participate in social activities. This process relies on neural foundations such as the visual cortex, specific facial recognition brain areas, and emotional perception brain areas. The existing expression processing model reveals that the ventral pathway (occipital lobe face area, fusiform ileophyllum area, inferior frontal gyrus/mid-frontal gyrus) and the dorsal pathway (midtemporal visual area and superior temporal groove) may have different divisions of labor in expression processing, but there is still controversy and needs to be further studied to clarify its role.
Recently, researchers from the Fu Xiaolan Research Group of the State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences conducted a meta-analysis study aimed at exploring the role of ventral dorsal pathways in expression processing, while investigating the characteristics of different experimental paradigms, dynamic and static facial expression processing, and reconstructing the brain network of expression processing. The study, published in Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, revealed the role of ventral and dorsal pathways in expression processing, and reconstructed the brain network of expression processing, expanding understanding of the neural mechanisms of expression.
Research | Brain networks for facial expression processing are explored through meta-analysis studies
5, [Breakthrough] Li Tianfu's team of Sanbo Brain Department found that the genetic variation of adenosine kinase is a predictive indicator of the efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation in the treatment of refractory epilepsy
Source: Neuropsychiatric
Vagus nerve stimulation is an important alternative treatment for drug-refractory epilepsy. However, clinically, 6-8% of patients can achieve no-seizure efficacy, and nearly 40% of patients do not achieve clinical effectiveness, it is not clear why some patients are effective for vagus nerve stimulation and some patients are ineffective, so it is particularly important to clarify the prediction of the efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation in the treatment of drug refractory epilepsy. Recently, Li Tianfu, an expert at Sanbo Brain Hospital of Capital Medical University, led a team to study and found that the genetic variation of adenosine kinase is a predictive indicator of the efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation in the treatment of refractory epilepsy. The findings were published in the journal JNS.
【Breakthrough】Li Tianfu's team of Sanbo Brain Department found that the genetic variation of adenosine kinase is a predictive indicator of the efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation in the treatment of refractory epilepsy
6. Is ADHD a new risk factor for Alzheimer's disease? 丨 Frontier Progress
Source: Medical Pulse Neurology
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent low attention, impaired impulse control, and hyperactivity. Follow-up studies have shown that ADHD typically lasts into adulthood and affects 3% of adults worldwide. Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive degeneration of aging-related cognition and the ability to live independently, is the most common subtype of dementia.
A recent study published in Alzheimer's Dementia found that ADHD was associated with dementia in AD and other generations. This association weakens with a decrease in genetic relevance, suggesting a common familial risk between ADHD and AD.
Is ADHD a New Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease? 丨 Frontier Progress
7, teenagers are not what they used to be – obesity may be related to emotions
Source: Spirit Time
Childhood and adolescent obesity is considered a major public health problem in the 21st century. The causes of obesity are multifactorial. In addition to genetic and environmental factors, psychosocial factors can also contribute to the development of obesity – under emotional or physiological stress, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (Hpa) axis is activated, while dopamine may also be involved, while stress is associated with changes in eating behavior, with about 40% of people increasing their food intake under stress, especially high-calorie foods rich in sugar and fat.
A recent study was conducted by Andrie Ek et al. from Athens, Greece, and the results were published in the journal Children (Basel). ConclusionsThe study showed that psychological problems, maternal occupation, lack of physical activity and poor school performance were associated with adolescent overweight/obesity. Therefore, screening for psychosocial problems should be included in the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity and appropriate treatment of these problems.
Teenagers are no longer what they used to be – obesity may be related to emotions
8, the study found that weight is related to cognitive impairment, and it is best not to be too thin when old
Source: International Science
At present, the degree of population aging in China is already at a high level. Therefore, it is of certain practical significance to pay attention to and study the triggers of Alzheimer's disease. In addition to factors such as lifestyle and chronic diseases, scholars have also noticed that anthropometric indicators such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are also closely related to Alzheimer's disease.
In response to the question of "the relationship between body mass index, waist circumference and waist circumference height ratio, and the development of cognitive impairment", scholars such as Zheng Ren of Jilin University in China have conducted research. The resulting data showed that underweight was significantly associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment, and that people who were underweight were more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease. The findings were published in the Journal of Affective Disorders.
Studies have found that weight is associated with cognitive impairment, and it is best not to be too thin when old
Reviewer: Simon
Caption: Photo Network
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Clinical Neuroanatomical Atlas : 2nd Edition (French) Pierre Camina, translated by Xia Rong, Beijing Science and Technology Publishing House, Free Shipping ¥168 Purchase