Author: Xu Yunhui
( Bronze statue of Nie Shicheng )
On the morning of July 9, 1900, the rising sun was as dazzling as red blood. In Balitai, a southern suburb of Tianjin, above the defensive positions of the Armed Guards, there was still a pungent smell of gun emulsion and poison gas bombs. The soldiers of the Armed Guards who "spent eight days and nights" with the Eight-Power Alliance ushered in another wave of crazy attacks from the Eight-Nation Alliance.
"Shicheng is in one day, Tianjin has one day." If Tianjin is lost, Shicheng will not see the marshal! Nie Shicheng, the commander of the Armed Guards, thought back to his oath of desperation in Tianjin. He calmly put on the yellow coat given by the emperor, with the heart of repaying the country with death, and encouraged the soldiers: "Behind us is the capital, there is no way to retreat, only to fight with the enemy to the death!" Today, this is where I died! "Whoever dares to cross this place one step is not worthy of being called the Great Husband of China!"
The morale of the soldiers was greatly boosted, and they fought with the enemy to the death. In the fierce battle, Nie Shicheng was dressed in a conspicuous yellow coat and became the target of the gun attack of the Eight-Nation Alliance. He was first blown off by the shell and his legs were shot several times, "so he fell into the battle, and his stomach and stomach flowed." ”
When the Qing court learned of Nie Shicheng's heroic sacrifice in the defense of Tianjin, at the same time as "giving mercy to the emperor", he coldly accused Nie Shicheng of "losing his life by mistake, which is really hateful!" ”
Why was Nie Shicheng, a national hero who fought hard against the French army, the Japanese Kou, and the Eight-Nation Alliance, why was he so characterized by the Qing court?
( Nie Shicheng)
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > (1) Strike Day</h1>
In October 1884, ambitious French troops landed from Keelung in a vain attempt to invade and occupy the treasure island of Taiwan, and declared a "peaceful blockade" of the Taiwan coast. The Qing court was shocked and sent the Huai army to help. The generals of the Huai Army were pregnant with ghosts and were afraid to fight. Nie Shicheng resolutely asked for help, "led his division across Taiwan," overcame many difficulties, and agreed that the Taiwanese military and people would "fight repeatedly but defeat the enemy." After a bloody battle, the French army was finally driven out of the Taiwan Strait. After Nie Shicheng returned to China, he was promoted to the commander-in-chief of Taiyuan Town, Shanxi Province, with his military merits.
In February 1894, the Dong-gak Uprising broke out in Korea. The North Korean government urgently sent a telegram to the suzerainty, Daecheong, requesting troops to assist in the suppression. Nie Shicheng led a 2,000-strong Huai army, accompanied by The DirectLy subordinate Viceroy Ye Zhichao, into the dynasty and stationed at Asan in early June. At the end of June, the Japanese attacked the Chinese fleet in the waters off the Asan Pass with their navies, while dispatching an army to attack the Qing forces in Asan. At the end of July, the Japanese government, which had been planning for a long time, deliberately created the "Gaosheng Incident" and once again sent more than 4,000 Japanese troops into North Korea to attack the Qing army, officially provoking the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War.
The "Gaosheng Incident" created by the Japanese army caused nearly a thousand elite Huai troops of the Qing Dynasty to enter the DPRK to reinforce them. Ye Zhichao was even more anxious like an ant on a hot pot, in a hurry. Nie Shicheng "heard that Gao Sheng's warship was destroyed" and immediately suggested to Ye Zhichao: "The sea road has been obstructed, the reinforcements are difficult to fly across, the Asan Jedi is undefendable, Gongzhou is back to the mountains and faces the river, and it is natural to win, it is advisable to rush to the stronghold, and the battle is victorious, and it can be used to wait for help; if it is not victorious, Judah has to take a detour." Ye Zhichao had nothing to do, agreed to retreat to Gongzhou, and ordered Nie Shicheng's troops to garrison Gongzhou's barrier Cheng Huan to block the Japanese army.
(Qing army led by Nie Shicheng)
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > (ii) into a happy ambush</h1>
After Nie Shicheng and his troops arrived in Chenghuan, after carefully surveying the terrain, they decided to take advantage of the arrogance of the Japanese army to fight an unexpected ambush battle against the mountains and rivers.
He ambushed three hundred elite soldiers near the Anseong Ferry Bridge, which the Japanese army had to pass, and ordered them to seize the opportunity and attack at the "enemy's half-crossing." "And set up several ambushes on both sides of the avenue, waiting for the opportunity to attack." After that, he built artillery positions on the top of the hill so that the artillery "saw the enemy and bombarded them." ”
After the Japanese entered the ambush circle, the ambushers and artillery opened fire at the same time. The Japanese army was suddenly attacked, and every inch was in chaos, and it retreated while fighting back. Because of the narrow bridge deck and pushing and shoving each other, the Japanese army was in a mess, "drowning very badly." In this battle, the Japanese suffered heavy casualties, and Nie Shicheng's troops were killed and wounded only more than 100 people because they were in ambush and attacked from the shadows. ”
After the Japanese army rested, it made a comeback, and Nie Shicheng stubbornly resisted. Because the ammunition was exhausted and the enemy was outnumbered, Nie Shicheng ordered him to leave the battle at night and move toward Gongzhou. On the way to the transfer, it suddenly fell into the ambush circle of the Japanese army, and the Qing army was in chaos and the army was confused. Nie Shicheng calmly responded to the battle, and the command headquarters fought and retreated. When the sky was light, the Qing soldiers desperately found that they were "lost in the way" and were frightened into "no color". Nie Shicheng ascended to a high place, calmly observed the surroundings, and was surprised to find two beautiful white cranes playing on the opposite hill, and hurriedly issued an order: "There is absolutely no ambush in that direction!" The soldiers were greatly encouraged, "so the danger is out." ”
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > (iii) against the Japanese</h1>
Unexpectedly, Ye Zhichao, who should have stuck to Gongzhou, "has abandoned Gongzhou." Nie Shicheng chased after him slowly, and finally caught up with Ye Zhichao, who was fleeing in a daze, and reported on cheng Huan's great victory. He also suggested that Ye Zhichao retreat north to Pyongyang and defend Pyongyang with various reinforcements who had entered Korea by land. When Ye Zhichao learned of the victory, he was resurrected with blood as if he had hit a strong heart. He falsely reported his military achievements to the Qing court, and was appointed by the Qing court as the commander of various reinforcements entering the DPRK and firmly held Pyongyang.
After the Japanese army completed the comprehensive encirclement of Pyongyang, it launched a general offensive. Ye Zhichao had no fighting spirit and ordered the armies to abandon the city and flee north. Although Nie Shicheng was lonely and could not sound, when "all the armies are gone", "Shicheng yu." "Due to the "large gathering of the Japanese army, (Nie Shicheng's department) was unable to support itself and retreated to Dagaoling. After meeting ye Zhichao in Anju, he suggested that the Japanese army be defended and blocked in an imperious terrain, and the Japanese army was severely damaged. Ye Zhichao was like a bird of fright, leading his troops to run wildly for five hundred miles, crossing the Yalu River and entering the Chinese border.
The Japanese army took advantage of the victory to pursue, forcibly crossed the Yalu River, and burned the flames of war into China, and lianke was strategically located along the river. Nie Shicheng led two thousand Huai troops to participate in the Battle of Jiangfang, dealing a heavy blow to the Japanese army. Chinese New Year's Eve night, he "put wine and drinking soldiers in the watershed, and waited for him." The "arrogant Japanese army" attacked, the watershed of the great defeat, and the Sun was cut off by fu gang three times. "The Qing court heard the news," youzhao praised, and was directly subordinate to the viceroy. ”
(Japanese attacking Pyongyang)
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > (iv) enmity</h1>
After the end of the Sino-Japanese War, "Beiyang founded the Armed Guard Army" and appointed Nie Shicheng, Yuan Shikai and others as commanders. Nie Shicheng's department was the Wuyi Army, and he imitated the German battalion system, participated in the Western method of training, guided the compilation of training materials such as "Courses for the Wuyi Armies of the Huai Army," "Training Courses for the Wuyi Pioneer Horse Team," and "Illustrations of the Training of the Wuyi Army," and founded the Kaiping Wubei Academy. After the new type of training, the combat effectiveness of the troops has been significantly improved.
When the Boxer Rebellion broke out, the Qing court first "ordered soldiers to become cameras to suppress them." After the Eight-Nation Alliance invaded China, Cixi declared war on the great powers in an attempt to use the Boxer Rebellion against the Eight-Nation Alliance, so she changed the suppression of "fist bandits" to the Boxer Rebellion. The Boxers also adjusted their strategy, changing the slogan of "opposing the Qing Dynasty and destroying the Foreigners" to "Supporting the Qing Dynasty and Destroying the Foreigners." Nie Shicheng was worried and suggested that Rong Lu, the viceroy and minister of Beiyang directly subordinate, said: "In the current situation, foreign insults are particularly urgent! "Request" to "strictly encourage the generals of the fort to make serious preparations" and "the warships and minesweets, it seems appropriate to order them to gather and defend, so as to be prepared." ”
Nie Shicheng was ordered to lead more than 9,000 people to defend Tianjin, and he generously declared to Rong Lu: "Now that the country is about to start a quarrel, Tianjin will bear the brunt of it, and if I am not blind, I will do my duty and will not allow foreign troops to perform their duties!" He formed a temporary alliance with the Boxers. After the Boxers "burned the Yellow Village and Langfang railway tracks", Nie Shicheng "stopped it, And Fu Ying". Clashes broke out between the two sides, and the Boxers were "killed dozens" by the advanced weapons of the Wu Sui Army. After receiving the Boxer complaint from Duan Wang Zaiyi and the university scholar Gang Yi, he issued an edict in the name of the imperial court to severely reprimand Nie Shicheng.
In the face of the Boxers' endless humiliation and attacks, Nie Shicheng, out of national righteousness, always "did not act rashly under the inspectors." Rong Lu, the governor of Zhili, was afraid that Nie Shicheng's mind was not calm, and he deliberately "Chi Shu comforted him." Nie Shicheng was extremely depressed, and replied in reply: "Bandits who harm the people will harm the country!" As a viceroy, there are bandits in the environment that cannot be suppressed, so what is the job? ”
(Eight-Power Coalition)
After the advance team of the Eight-Nation Alliance captured the Dagu Fort, Cixi blamed Nie Shicheng and ordered him to "quickly suppress the Foreigners of the Zizhu Forest and quickly restore the Dagu Fort to redeem the punishment." Nie Shicheng took into account the overall situation, endured the humiliation and burden, and joined hands with the Boxers to block the advance team of the Eight-Nation Alliance and won a great victory in Langfang. In order to appease the Boxers, Ronglu recorded all the merits under the Boxers' accounts and gave them a great reward. Nie Shicheng's troops were indignant because they had nothing to gain.
In order to expand the results of the battle, Nie Shicheng was ordered to unite with the Boxers again and launch more than ten attacks on the Tianjin Concession. Nie Shicheng's troops fought bravely and fought the Eight-Nation Alliance convincingly. A reporter accompanying the Eight-Nation Alliance recorded: "Although the Chinese army is numerous, it is not enough to worry about, and those who are feared are the ears of Nie Junmen; the Gai Nie army has advanced and retreated, and each army is the first; although it is shot and shelled, the former is killed, the latter is advancing, and its fierceness is indeed comparable to that of other armies... Since the engagement with China, there has never been such a brave army. ”
Nie Shicheng's troops stormed the Tianjin concession, and the Boxers took advantage of the fire and looting to burn everywhere. Nie Shicheng was furious and sent troops to kill more than a thousand Boxers. The Boxers again filed a black complaint, slandering Nie Shicheng as collaborators. The Qing court listened partially to the faithful, and ordered Nie Shicheng to be reprimanded for "no record since the end of the day, and he really did not know how to cheer up when he heard of the collapse of the army", and gave him the punishment of dismissal and retention. Nie Shicheng was filled with grief and indignation, believing that he "did not forgive the imperial court, and the next saw that he was forced to be a boxer, and he could not explain himself unless he died", so he was born with the intention of dying.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > (5) posthumous honors</h1>
In the Battle of Bali Bridge, Nie Shicheng practiced his oath of defending his family and defending the country with blood on the battlefield.
The German generals respected Nie Shicheng for his death, and covered Nie Shicheng's broken body with a red carpet, ordering the soldiers to return to the Qing army. However, the Qing court said that he "lost his life in the wrong country, which is really hateful, and he remembered his previous achievements and granted him a compassionate ceremony." "A generation of heroes, dead without a glance."
In February 1902, Yuan Shikai, a major minister of the Qing court, asked Nie Shicheng for a sympathy: "(Nie Shicheng) is loyal in nature, pure in his practice, extremely filial to his relatives, and extremely honest in his official position. Strict and gracious in command of the crowd, courageous and decisive in the face of events, resolute and resolute, and extremely prestigious. In order to commend Nie Shicheng's national integrity, the Qing court approved Yuan Shikai's recital of the chapter, "to give (Nie Shicheng) prince Shaobao, Yu Zhongjie, and build a special shrine." ”
In 1905, the Qing court erected a monument in the land of Nie Shicheng Chengren. The pillars on both sides of the monument are inscribed: "Bravely through Changhong, think of the body wrapped in Ma Ge, a piece of Dan heart endured as angry waves flying on the sea; sincerely leave blue blood, look at today's insect sand robbery, the three armies of white bones and sorrows and song house battle city south." Banner: "Angry awe-inspiring".
In 2000, a hundred years after Nie Shi became a national martyr, the Tianjin Municipal Government built a bronze statue at the site of the original Nie Gong Monument to show his remembrance, fully affirming his life as a warrior who defended his family and defended the country: "The general drove the sword to the light and cold, jumped on the bridge to see this life. Where Nie Gong was excited, how many green pines were matched with rain and cold! ”
Why did the corrupt and incompetent Qing court finally recognize Nie Shi as a martyr after Nie Shicheng died in battle for two years?
After the corrupt and incompetent Qing court, represented by Cixi, promulgated the "Edict of Declaration of War" without measuring its strength, it was beaten by the foreign guns and cannons of the Eight-Nation Alliance and had no power to fight back. The day after the Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing with the corpses of Nie Shicheng and others, Cixi fled west with the Guangxu Emperor and his wife, approved Li Hongzhang and others' "Outline of Peace Proposals", and shamelessly expressed his wish to "measure the material resources of China and unite with the happiness of the country." Subsequently, the "Xinugu Treaty" was signed with the great powers, which pushed the Chinese nation into the abyss of being bullied and humiliated by the great powers. Under the impetus of various factors, the Qing court decided that in order to boost national morale and commend national heroes, it is necessary to establish a positive image to invigorate the national spirit. And Nie Shicheng, who was martyred in a heroic way, became the perfect candidate for the heroes of the Qing Dynasty without controversy.
Throughout his life, although Nie Shicheng suffered injustices from injustice, he always regarded the great righteousness of the nation as his duty, took it as his duty to resist foreign aggression, fought bloody battles with all his heart and blood, and demonstrated the lofty spirit of the Chinese nation of "brothers hanging on the wall and insulting foreign countries", and became a national hero who traveled through time and space. Facts have proved that for the heroes and warriors who defend the homeland, the Chinese nation will always be engraved in the heart from generation to generation, and passed on the torch!
(Tianjin Bali Bridge, Nie Shicheng at the place of martyrdom)
【About the author】Xu Yunhui, male, graduated from the Department of Chinese of Yunnan Normal University in 1984 and is now a senior lecturer at Baoshan No.1 Middle School Education Group in Yunnan Province. He has published two monographs and published more than 600,000 words in literary journals at or above the provincial level.
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