The epidemic plagues the earth, vaccine research and development is racing against the mutation of the virus, the situation is not optimistic, infections and deaths, but also growing rapidly. At present, there are already several vaccines being promoted, but there is still a long way to go from the goal of herd immunity. How to quickly transform scientific research results? How to get public recognition and support? In this matter, Mr. Pasteur has left valuable experience and is worth learning.
Louis Pasteur, the son of a French tanner, was born in 1822, and later, after graduating from the most famous French Department of Normal Chemistry in Paris, became the founder of modern microbiology, and his contributions have influenced our lives to this day. Pasteur not only solved many fermentation technical problems such as beer bitterness and wine acidity; also discovered lactobacilli, invented the pasteurization method that has been used today, so that we can drink fresh milk at any time; in 1881, Pasteur and his colleagues improved the method of reducing the virulence of pathogens, created a way to develop a vaccine for poisoning, and invented a rabies vaccine.
Pasteur did not know what the causative factors of rabies were at first, but when he was old, he was mainly responsible for scientific research design and guidance, he chose rabbit experiments, first using the extract of rabies animals, infecting rabbits, and then using rabbit spinal nerves to cultivate attenuated substances and prepare vaccines. One day, he found several strange devices on the workbench of the eldest disciple, Emile Ru, some upper and lower sides, each with an opening bottle, and in each bottle, there was a rabbit's spinal nerve hanging.
Pasteur immediately had an epiphany, 2 openings, as long as plugged with cotton, can avoid the pollution of external microorganisms, and the water can evaporate, the nerves can be in a ventilated and dry space, to achieve the toxicity of the pathogenic body to reduce the toxicity. Pasteur immediately arranged for his nephew Loire to experiment with this method, and later, the device was called the Russ bottle, giving the Emir the honor he deserved. This dry suspension attenuation method has a characteristic, the longer the suspension time, the weaker the toxicity of the spinal nerve extract, so that you can make vaccines with different toxicity through the length of the suspension time. By vaccinating dogs several times, dogs were able to fight rabies and animal trials were successful. In addition, a method of phasing vaccines has been explored, from weak to strong, for 12 consecutive days, to achieve the strongest toxicity.
50 dogs were selected as volunteers and 11 were successfully treated. The test shows that the use of attenuated rabies virus fluid is expected to overcome rabies, but after all, Pasteur is a graduate of chemistry and does not have a medical license, how to do human experiments? What if there are side effects that are not present in the animal? Through pasteur's declassified notes in the 90s, we now know that Pasteur did some experiments that were not publicly available. The first time, a 61-year-old man was vaccinated with the consent of the hospital, but after only one injection, the hospital asked the management department and terminated the treatment, and the result is unknown. The second time was a girl in her 10s who was bitten in the face by a mad dog, and after 6 weeks, Pasteur was contacted by the hospital, but the bite site was close to the brain, and after the first injection, the next morning, the girl died.
The real well-known case occurred on July 6, 1885, when a peasant woman brought her 9-year-old son to pasteur's house, a young boy named Meister, who had been bitten by a mad dog the day before, with a total of 14 wounds. The child's mother pleaded with Pasteur to save her son. Pasteur invited doctors who were pediatric and neurologists to consult, and more importantly, one of them also served in the rabies management agency, and both doctors agreed to Pasteur's treatment. Then try it, so Pasteur gave the attenuated liquid he had prepared to the pediatrician, and after 10 days of injection, Meister was stable, there were no signs of rabies, the wound healed, and Meister lived safely to the age of 64. However, in a large number of media reports, the boy who Pasteur saved was another one, his name was Juppier, and this story was more exciting than scientific experiments.
Jupiter, living in a small mountain village 150 kilometers southeast of Paris, on September 14, 1885, 15-year-old Jupier and five other children were herding sheep in the grassland on the edge of the village. Instead of running away, Jupil took up his whip, rushed up to the dog, and pressed the dog under him to avoid the other children. Eventually, Jupier used a whip to tighten the dog's mouth and beat the dog to death with a hard object, leaving him with multiple bite wounds on his own body. The village chief of the small mountain village, who had a personal relationship with Pasteur, knew that he was working on the rabies vaccine. The village chief immediately wrote a distress letter and handed it to the postman; Pasteur quickly sent a reply to the village chief and promised to provide a room in the test building. Jupiter was sent to Paris for treatment and fully recovered at the end of October. However, the story doesn't end there.
Pasteur, a member of the French Academy of Sciences, managed to persuade the academy to pay Juppier a bonus of 1,000 francs, when a maid's monthly salary was about 45 francs. Pasteur also won a famous moral prize for Xiao Zhu, and later, he also made Juppier the lifelong gatekeeper of the Pasteur Institute, and the sculptor made a bronze statue of Xiao Zhu, which is still there, while Xiao Zhu and Pasteur Benzo occupied the front page of the newspaper. You know, the mortality rate after the onset of rabies is 100%. Thus, from Paris to the whole of France, to the whole of Europe, and even to the other side of the ocean, the deeds of heroic teenagers and great scientists were everywhere.
Everyone donated money in tears, people who were bitten by dogs were sent from all over the world, and the rooms vacated by the test building were immediately insufficient. As a result, a special clinic was set up to provide vaccinations, and 1235 patients were vaccinated in the first year. Later, the clinic was overcrowded and donations continued, with the Russian Tsar donating 100,000 francs and 1 poacher donating half a franc. With money, Pasteur bought land on the outskirts of Paris and established a research institute. There is a log cabin hotel opposite the institute, and the owner of the hotel immediately put up a new sign that reads, "Pasteur Institute Hotel" provides food and accommodation for all those who come to get vaccinated. Well, great scholars are inseparable from the capture of inspiration; great research is inseparable from the clamor of the media. Research and promotion, both at the same time, is the only way to transform the results. Grasp everything, and both hands must be hard.
Whoever loves, pass on health to whom.
Your health, my concern. Professionals observe health from a scientific and humanistic perspective, including express reports, details, reminders, doubts, observations, opinions, historical stories, anecdotes and other series, which are original works of author Wei Hongling and his team. All forms of misappropriation, chains and reprints without permission will be refused, otherwise they will be prosecuted in accordance with relevant laws.
#Rumor Zero Project ##她健康计划 #