<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > In the summer and autumn, the Animal Wildlife Conservation Association of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University often carried out night viewing activities in the southern district of Houshan. The most impressive thing for everyone is the Oriental water cockroach that often comes out to "play soy sauce". How is it different from other cockroaches? What is its story with humans? This article reveals this unusual "cockroach" for you</h1>
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" >, the "cockroaches" who can get rich</h1>
In the cockroach family, collectively known as "cockroaches", there are not only American cockroaches (common in the southern chamber) and German cockroaches (common in the northern chamber) who sneak into the bedroom;
American cockroach native to North Africa; Source: Toutiao Gallery
German cockroaches from Southeast Asia; Source: Headline Gallery
Or the Dobia cockroach, the cherry red cockroach, and the colorful and colorful "tropical cockroach". These familiar and even some of them are "cockroaches" who get along with you and me day and night, all from foreign countries! (Look at the name, look at the text of the meaning of the ~ alas, as if there is something wrong?) Did you know that in the back mountains of the Agricultural University, there lives a group of "cockroach natives" who have spent an unknown number of spring and autumn seasons.
Cherry red cockroach native to Central Asia and North Africa; Image: Happy1892/wikimedia
(manual italic) Xestoblatta sp from the Costa Rican rainforest[1,2]; Source: See watermark
I still remember when I was in junior high school, I saw the news about raising soil yuan and selling it as a traditional Chinese medicine to make a fortune. For the first time, I learned that cockroaches also had "relatives", or the actual prototype of the Internet buzzword that said that people "have never seen the world" at that time - "earth turtle". The Oriental water cockroach introduced today is commonly known as the Phnom Penh turtle, and the Chinese real turtle, Jidi turtle and so on are collectively referred to as "earth turtle". The vast majority of those currently in captivity are Chinese turtles[3], presumably the kind I've seen on the news. (When it comes to cockroaches with economic value, everything can be used to make medicine American cockroaches are not useless, rehabilitation new oral liquid and cockroach oil to understand?) [4]）
The Chinese turtle that likes to drill the ground also has a common name called Tu Ba, because it is timid and docile like a sheep (crossed out)/See watermark for the picture
Oriental water cockroaches that don't look very much like the Chinese turtle and don't drill the ground prefer to walk through dead branches and leaves/See watermark for image
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > two, "black samurai" who can swim</h1>
The Oriental Water Cockroach is the official name of the Chinese, and its Latin scientific name is a combination of the genus "Water Cockroach" and the species name "Oriental", which belongs to the subfamily Officinalis in the family Scorpioidae.[5] The Chinese turtle belongs to the turtle family, while the American cockroach and the German cockroach, which everyone shouts, belong to the cockroach family and the cockroach family, respectively. The adult "cockroaches" of the family Macrophaeae are generally larger than those of other families, as opposed to the Cockroach family, which is common in China and is basically divided into these four families. Termites are now widely believed to be also a "cockroach", a eusocial insect that relies on intestinal commensal bacteria to digest lignin [1,6].
Black-winged earth termite worker ants who are usually busy in the soil of the back mountain or in the mud line\source network[17]
By the night of the summer thunderstorm, a large number of wedding flying termites (lighting) flew into thousands of households, and the fallen wings became the next day's talking point/source network[17]
Cockroaches have a peculiar mode of reproduction, including the oriental water cockroach, which is born in oviparous births, while the American cockroaches of the cockroach family lay their egg sheaths outside the body. Although the pregnant oriental water cockroach will release most of the egg sheath and hang behind it within 12 hours after the formation of the egg sheath; it will not be born, and then it will be withdrawn into the abdomen; it will develop in the body for about 20 days, and the entire egg sheath will be born when the nymph is about to hatch, allowing the nymph to crawl out of the egg sheath. [9] (Aphids can lay their eggs on plants or give birth to them, like a panda suddenly giving birth to "pull" out baby aphids one by one.[10] ）
An American cockroach is about to lay an egg sheath (a "mysterious capsule" found in a closet as a child) \ source network
Strong fertility makes aphids a large flock as soon as they occur. The picture shows the aphids that are giving birth\source network[18]
The scientific name of the oriental water cockroach reflects its widespread distribution in east Asia, including China; nymphs prefer to crawl on their leaves and can effortlessly dive for a while if they fall into small streams. The common name Is golden turtle, which reflects a golden edge on the back of the adult insect, and the ancients classified it as a "turtle" (now taxonomically " turtle " generally refers only to insects of the turtle family) in taxonomy). When I first spotted adult oriental water cockroaches during my back-mountain night viewing, I preferred to call them "black warriors" wearing gold and red. There is no wing cover, and the layers of shiny black back plates on the upper parts of the body are clear at a glance. The Oriental Water Cockroach resembles a Japanese black samurai wearing a gold helmet (the edge of the dorsal plate of the adult's chest is golden, and the head is underneath it), wearing black armor with red edges, except that it crawls on the ground.
(Top) A pair of oriental water cockroaches that are mating tails. Smaller and more pronounced phnom penh are males[5]/See watermark for image
Japanese Sengoku and other armor black samurai. The upper corner of the helmet actually originates from the beetle[8]/http://www.xiawu.com/tagss/
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > three, low-key life</h1>
Wild eastern water cockroaches are mainly distributed in the southeast coastal areas, such as Zhejiang, Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan, and Fujian. Whether it is late spring in May or late autumn in October, we can find in the back mountains of the southern district of Nongda, in the bright moonlight, a cockroach chirping, an oriental water cockroach silently passing through the dead leaves. Unlike the American cockroaches, which fly around in the downstairs of their dormitories in early summer, Chinese water cockroaches have no wings for both male and female, and do not like to approach places where humans live. They spend their entire lives in the night world of the ground to make ends meet and reproduce; when illuminated by a flashlight, they hurry into the nearest crevice; while during the day they live in groups, staying inactive in the crevices, waiting until night to come out in search of food.
Under the flashlight, an oriental water cockroach found in the back mountain of the South District / Taken by the author in June 2018
In addition, the oriental water cockroach is an omnivore, but mainly eats plants. When there is interference, I like to grab food and sneak to a safe corner to enjoy it quietly. Although they are social animals, the time they come out to feed is not concentrated, and they will come out to feed in order of size, age, middle age, and small order. Not because they know how to "respect the old and love the young", but because large insects will interfere with the feeding of small insects, especially in the case of more crowded food and lack of food, they will kill each other (many insects such as small cabbage moth larvae also have this habit of cannibalism, and some will reduce the population density and reduce survival pressure by reducing the number of females in the next generation and producing migratory types). When they are full, they will pull, and the oriental water cockroach will concentrate the feces in the cave where they live, and will choose to move until it is full. Their lifespan in the wild is usually about one year, and the males tend to die after mating, while the lifespan can reach 3 years under artificial culture. Rats, geckos, and toads prey on oriental water cockroaches [9,12,13,14].
Gregarious adults and nymphs [19], young nymphs on the leaf surface, transparent nymphs that have just molted, older nymphs can be seen in Phnom Penh\ source see watermark
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >4, wild is better? </h1>
Oriental water cockroaches were known to the ancients very early and used as medicinal herbs. For example, Li Shizhen mentioned in the "Compendium of Materia Medica" that "Phnom Penh soil turtle is produced in Lingnan". At present, Chinese water cockroaches are exported in large quantities and are sold well in Southeast Asian countries, and overseas Chinese like to use Phnom Penh ground turtles in medicinal diet recipes.[13] In Putian, Fujian Province, it is used as an authentic medicinal herb, which can be used to cook soups or make medicinal liquor to treat rheumatism [9]. Due to the long-term over-collection of oriental water cockroaches in the wild and the destruction of their habitat, the number of wild populations has decreased rapidly, but its market price has remained high, and in 2017 it was 5 to 10 times that of the mature Chinese turtle in captivity [9,14,15].
From the original Chinese herbal medicine materials to the gastronomic soil yuan, it is inseparable from the large-scale artificial breeding and the hearts of the people who hunt for curiosity / Picture: "Daily Agricultural Classics"
Cockroach "how can it be good"? Wild "cockroaches" are still safe to eat/ Image source network[20]
Although the relevant farming techniques have long been developed, some people still think that wild means more effective. Huge market demand has led to the exploitation of wild oriental cockroaches, and with the "wild" gimmick, the transaction price is higher than that of farmed oriental cockroaches. But in fact, in addition to reducing the food source of other animals and destroying the ecology, the pathogens they carry may also be spread to the population; the quality of oriental water cockroaches collected in the wild as commodities is not as good as that of artificial farming, and may even be toxic due to the intake of heavy metal plants.
The problem of endangerment leading to the overexploitation of wildlife resources in pursuit of so-called miracle effects has occurred in Cordyceps sinensis [21] and pangolin (watermark) bodies
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > five, potential and crisis</h1>
Modern research has found that the earth turtle has fat regulation, anti-coagulation, anti-hypoxia, antioxidant, anti-tumor, immunity regulation and other activities, and the extract of Chinese water cockroach can also play a certain anti-cancer effect [9,15,16], the development of new drugs has great potential; in addition, for many exotic pet enthusiasts, oriental water cockroaches are better fed than other foreign "cockroach" pets without odor and can be considered as a new type of pet or live feed for further development.
From our recorded night view in recent years, AUND's wild Chinese water cockroach population has maintained well, and it is one of the dominant species of the Houshan cockroach order, and it does not appear to be over-exploited. But in the face of the problem that houshan is gradually being developed and the area of the experimental base is getting larger and larger, how will the Oriental water cockroach and other agricultural species respond? How can we take actionable measures to protect them?
This is another story that future wild protectors need to experience.
In June 2018, the author participated in the night view of the Wild Protection Association for the first time, small group photo/photo: Spotted cat
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > references:</h1>
[1] [2018 Species Calendar] June 22 Cherry red cockroach | The Nature Control Group | Fruit shell Technology is interesting
https://www.guokr.com/post/815040/
[2] Cockroach: Beautiful and incomprehensible | The Nature Control Group | Fruit shell Technology is interesting
[3] 【Urban Species Calendar】December 3 Chinese turtle | The Nature Control Group | Fruit shell Technology is interesting
[4] Introducing a new type of cooking oil, cockroach oil| Fruit shell Technology is interesting
[5] Yue Qiaoyun, Practical Cockroach Color Illustrated Book. 2015: Jinan University Press. 154.21
[6] 【2018 Species Calendar】January 10 Stone Cauliflower | The Nature Control Group | Fruit shell Technology is interesting
https://www.guokr.com/post/814698/
[7] The oriental water cockroach Opisthoplatia orientalis
http://gaga.biodiv.tw/new23/9402/b34.htm
[8] [2017 Species Calendar] November 28 Double-forked Rhinoceros | The Nature Control Group | Fruit shell Technology is interesting
https://www.guokr.com/post/757366/
[9] Phnom Penh Tuyuan - Dou Ding Net
[10] Aphid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
[Li Shengji et al., Investigation and research on population structure and ecological habits of cockroaches in university libraries. Chinese Sanitary Insecticide, 2011. 17(05): pp. 379-382.
Shen Hantong, Breeding of turtles in Phnom Penh. Experiments in Special Products, 1983(03): pp. 40-41.
Li Haipeng, Artificial capture and rearing management of turtle insects in Phnom Penh. Jilin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2015. 36(04): pp. 59+61.
[14] [Green Time and Space] Easy to get rich from the small "earth turtle" _CCTV program official website-CCTV-7_CCTV Network (cctv.com)
http://tv.cctv.com/2016/03/27/VIDEBt8U9WxjZgNxIP8qxZZu160327.shtml
Chen Weitao et al., Chromatography and molecular biology identification of turtle and Phnom Penh turtle. Pharmacy Today, 2017. 27(08): pp. 517-520+544.
Chen Qili, Yang Chengchi. Experimental study on the anti-cancer effect of Opisthoplatia orientalis Burmister extract[J]. Journal of Sun Yat-sen University:Natural Science Edition, 1986(1):100-102.
[17] The black-winged earth termite born for the family proves that if you want to get married for a long time, you must ask for less
https://m.sohu.com/a/240395364_645005/
[18] What are some peculiar ways of reproduction in nature? - Zhihu
https://www.zhihu.com/question/23495382
[19] Reply: [Illustrated] Chinese Cockroaches_Insect Bar_Baidu Tieba
https://tieba.baidu.com/p/5935307974?pn=3
[20]图源dramafever.com: How to get Rich on Cockroaches
[21] Image source Youtube/Gross Science