□ Zhou Weiqiang
Bust of educator Chen Yuan. CFP courtesy of the figure
Kojiro Yoshikawa was a well-known Sinologist in Japan and a professor at Kyoto University during his lifetime. In 1928, in the third year of Showa, Kojiro Yoshikawa was 25 years old, and this spring, also the third year of Yoshikawa's graduation from the Department of Chinese Literature at Kyoto University, Yoshikawa received a scholarship to study at Peking University in China, and returned to Japan in the spring of 1931. In his later years, Yoshikawa wrote in "My Study Abroad" that Chinese university professors "study in their own homes, because their homes are very large, and Chinese professors are of high status, and they often have secretaries at home." Yoshikawa said that he had "been to the homes of the historians Zhu Xizu and Fu Jen University," and both had secretaries, and in the corner of the house where I went, I was sorting out manuscripts or copying something."
Yoshikawa did not say what year he visited Mr. Chen Yuan's house during his study abroad, according to this period, Chen Yuan should probably live in Yijiao temple hutong (now Yujiao hutong) or Fengsheng hutong. No matter which apartment it was, it was a big mansion in Yoshikawa's memory.
Chen Yuanqing Guangxu was born in Xinhui, Guangdong Province, on the tenth day of the first month of October (November 12, 1880), and came to Beijing in March 1913, and from then until his death on June 21, 1971, he lived in Beijing for 58 years.
Liu Naihe et al.'s "Chen Yuan's Annals with Long Pictures" clearly record the initial check-in time of the eight apartments that Chen Yuan lived in Beijing during the 58 years, except for the second place:
From March 1913, he lived in xianglai street house in Xuanwumen, Beijing;
In 1927, he moved from No. 65 Xi'anmen Avenue to Yijiaosi Hutong in Xicheng;
On August 19, 1929, he moved to No. 18 Fengsheng Hutong;
On August 21, 1932, he moved to No. 1 Rice Grain Depot, Anmennei Avenue;
On July 7, 1937, he moved to No. 20 Nanguanfangkou Hutong (now Nanguanfang Hutong);
On September 29, 1938, he moved to Li Guangqiao West Street (now Liuyin Street);
On July 16, 1939, he moved to No. 5 Xinghuasi Street (now No. 13 Xinghua Hutong, Xicheng District), and did not relocate for 32 years until his death.
Chen Yuan's former residence in Xinghua Hutong, Beijing.
Of the above 8 apartments, only the check-in time of the second Xi'anmen Avenue No. 65 is unknown in the annals.
Liu Naihe was Chen Yuan's disciple and assistant. Chen Yuan's granddaughter-in-law, Chen Zhichao's wife Zeng Qingying, who also studied historical documents, said in "Chen Yuan and His Family (Revised Edition)" that after Chen Yuan arrived in Beijing, he lived in Xianglai Street, Xuanwumen Inner, and then lived in Xi'anmen Street for the next 6 years. According to Zeng Qingying's record, Chen Yuan's stay at No. 65 Xi'anmen Avenue should be in 1920 or 1921. Chen Yuan's "Kaifeng Yi Zhi LeYe Teaching Examination" ended at the end of the paragraph: "In October of the ninth year of the Republic of China, the manuscript was reorganized in a single line. Chen Yuan, a resident of Yuan'an, met in The Yulu of Xiangfang Bridge East in Beijing. "The East Of Xiangfang Bridge is the Xianglai Street Apartment. It can be seen that in October 1920, Chen Yuan still lived in Xianglai Street. Chen Zhichao's "Collection of Letters from Chen Yuan (Revised Edition)" compiled and annotated by Chen Zhichao contains a letter from Chen Yuan to the bibliophile and engraver Tao Xiang on December 9, 1921, and the following payment is: "No. 65 Xi'anmen Avenue, Chen Cichang Waiting for Instructions." It can be seen that at least at this time, Chen Yuan has already stayed at No. 65 Xi'anmen Avenue. Vice Minister Chen, also known as Chen Yuan, was then the deputy minister of education and acting minister of the Beiyang government, and resigned in May of the following year, after which he retired from politics to concentrate on academics and education.
Chen Yuan is in the Xinghua Hutong Library.
Mr. Chen Yuan's mansion, Yoshikawa said, is very large. Liu Naihe has an article about the mansion at No. 18 Fengsheng Hutong: "This is a two-entry house, short from east to west, long from north to south, divided into two-story courtyards in front and back, and the rooms are more exquisite. "Not just the size, but the beauty of the place. In January 1936, He Yiwen, a reporter from The World Daily in Beiping, went to mr. Chen Yuan's mansion for an interview, and the interview record "Historian Chen Yuan" described the residence of Chen Yuan's rice grain depot No. 1: "... A very spacious yard, a Chinese and Western style house, with many small rooms, is a good place to stay. When I entered the door, it was as if I had entered the library' library, and the whole house was full of bookcases..."
Of the 8 mansions where Chen Yuan lived successively, including No. 5 XinghuaSi Street, where he lived for 32 years, Zeng Qingying's "Chen Yuan and His Family (Revised Edition)" has a more detailed ink: This is a typical old Beijing courtyard. A few steps west of this courtyard, through a narrow Yongdao road to the north, is Dingfu Street (now Dingfu Street) Fu Jen University (now part of the North Normal University). It is bordered by Shichahai in the east, Jiaxing Temple in the west, and beihai back gate across the southbound road. It sits north facing south, gray brick and gray tile. There are four steps in front of the door, a pair of stone lions, and two gates have a couplet "Loyal to the family for a long time, poetry and books for a long time". Enter the gate and the shadow wall will stand facing you. Head left and walk into the front yard of these two courtyards. The former dean was six or seven meters wide and sixteen or seventeen meters wide. The south room is an ensuite, relatively spacious, and is a place for Chen Yuan to meet guests. The West Wing is where the kitchen and the nanny live. The old nanny sometimes stocked a few chickens in this small yard, which added a little life to the yard. Outside the house there are two decades-old begonia trees, which bloom in the spring and bear fruit in the autumn. Go through the weeping flower gate and enter the backyard. The backyard is two or three times larger than the front yard. There are three rooms in the east and west wings. The East Wing room is the guest room where relatives and friends come and the workshop of Mr. Scribe, while the West Wing room is Chen Yuan's library. More than 40,000 books are collected, most of them are line-bound books, neatly coded on the book boxes, and the book boxes are placed on the shelves, and the shelves are row after row, because there are too many books, and the space between the rows of bookshelves is very narrow, which Chen Yuan jokingly calls "Hutong". There are five rooms in the north room, Chen Yuan's bedroom and bathroom on the west side, and the assistant's studio in the east. The hall house in the middle is Chen Yuan's studio, and sometimes it is also a guest. In the room, there are often rotating inkblots of Qing Dynasty scholars treasured by Chen Yuan, and there is also a plaque with the inscription "Liyun Book House", which is the inscription of Yinghuozhi in 1920, the upper paragraph "Mr. Yuan'an Belongs" and the lower paragraph is "Wansong Wild People". Chen Yuan, also known as Yuan'an. Wansong Savage, the number of YingZhi. In these apartments, Chen Yuan was 52 years old when he stayed at No. 1 Rice Grain Depot, and 59 years old when he stayed at No. 5 Xinghua Temple Street.
Chen Yuan's lifelong writings, roughly speaking, the first edition of the famous work "Yuanye Li Kewen Kao" on May 10, 1917, was completed in xuanwumen Neixianglai Street Apartment; "Manichaeism into China Examination", "YuanxiYu Renhua Examination", "Twenty Shi Shuo Leap Table", etc. were completed in Xi'anmen Avenue Apartment; in the 5 apartments where he lived from 1927 to July 1939, Chen Yuan completed the "Examples of Historical Records", "Dunhuang Robbery Record", "Yuandian Zhang School Supplementary Interpretation Case", "Yuan Secret History Transliteration Character Examination", "Old Five Dynasties History Series Benfa", "Old Five Dynasties History Series" During his 32 years of residence at No. 5 Xinghuasi Street, Chen Yuan wrote the "Examination of Dianqian Buddhism in the Ming Dynasty", "The Slander of monks in the early Qing Dynasty", "The Examination of The New Taoist Religion in Hebei in the Early Southern Song Dynasty", "Tongjian Hu ZhubiaoWei", "Introduction to Chinese Buddhist History", "Photocopy of the Ming Dynasty Fuyuan Gui Sequence", "Qian Zhuting Hand Jane Fifteen Letters Examination", "Fragments of the Household Registration of The Western Liang", and other works. These writings have become famous classics.
At No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing, Mr. Qi Gong of Beijing Normal University praised the portrait written by President Chen Yuan. CFP courtesy of the figure
According to "Chen Yuan and His Family (Revised Edition)", Chen Yuan's 8 residences are all leased. At No. 5 Xinghua Temple Street, Zeng Qingying said: "A week after Mr. Chen Yuan's death, the Propaganda Team of the North Normal University took back the courtyard, and seven or eight families moved in one after another..." This was in 1971. Now every family in the courtyard, except for the two families in the front yard, have moved out, and the Beijing Normal University has renovated this courtyard, and there is a statue of Mr. Chen Yuan donated by alumni in the courtyard, and the main house hangs a plaque written by Mr. Chen Yuan's disciple Qi Gong. This former residence is now a cultural relics protection unit in Xicheng District, Beijing.
Former residence of Chen Yuan Xinhui.
Chen Yuan was a native of Xinhui, Guangdong, and his grandfather, Hai Xuegong, opened the Chen Xinyi Medicinal Materials Trading Company in Guangzhou at the age of 37 and accumulated wealth. Chen Yuan's biological father was Wei Qi, the fifth son of Haixue Gong. Before his death, Haixue Gong bought land for his 9 sons and built 9 houses in his hometown Xinhui, and Wei Qi was the fifth. 9 houses, each with almost the same layout. The entrance gate is a patio, which is flanked by a cottage of about 10 square meters, with a kitchen on one side and a wood and grass on the other. The main hall is 60 or 70 square meters, the front is the offering table, the ancestral tablet is placed, and there are two compartments on each side of the main hall, which are bedrooms. Zeng Qingying said: Such a living environment was relatively good in the local area at that time. There is a medicinal garden behind the house, the hillside is planted with bamboo and fruit trees, the 9 houses are collectively called "Chen Ning Yuantang", and the boundary monument erected in the 24th year of Guangxu (1898) is still in place. When Chen Yuan arrived in Beijing, he no longer used Xinhui as a mansion. In November 2000, Chen Zhichao, on behalf of Mr. Chen Yuan's family, donated the former residence of Chen Yuan Xinhui to the Xinhui Municipal Government, and became a cultural relics protection unit in Guangdong Province in 2002.
Even to mention, Chen Yuan's three generations of historians, the eldest son Chen Lesu, And Lesu's eldest son Zhichao, also continued Chen Yuan's historiography, and made outstanding achievements in the history of the Song Dynasty and the History of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Song historians such as Song Xi and Xu Gui were students trained by Lesu at Zhejiang University (Xu Gui named his collection of essays "Yang Su Ji" in honor of his predecessors Zhang Suyi and Chen Lesu, who were also known as Zhang Yinlin). Mr. Zhichao's works are equal, and he completed a monograph of more than 1.2 million words on his visit at Harvard University, "Seven Hundred Passages of the Codex of Relatives and Friends of the Fang Clan of Huizhou in the Ming Dynasty", Zeng Qingying said: "It has become an essential book for interlibrary exchanges in Harvard Yenching Library, and is regarded as a model for visiting scholars' works." Zhi Chao also proofread and supplemented his grandfather Chen Yuan's "Taoist Golden Stone Strategy", which was published in 2.3 million words, published by the Cultural Relics Publishing House in June 1988. Zhi Chao also completed the collation of the "Examination of Song Shi Yi Wenzhi" that his father Lesu failed to publish during his lifetime, and in March 2002, the Guangdong People's Publishing House published Mr. Lesu's more than 700 pages of work.
Mr. Chen Lesu, the eldest son of Chen Yuan.
Mr. Chen Zhichao, the eldest son of Chen Lesu.
Mr. Zhichao's residence has not been described in the data, and Mr. Lesu's apartment in Beijing in the 1950s and 1960s is recorded in Zeng Qingying's "Chen Yuan and His Family (Revised Edition)". At the end of 1942, Mr. Lesu was hired by President Zhu Kezhen to teach in the Department of History and Geography of Zhejiang University, which was then moved to Zunyi, Guizhou, and offered courses such as Tang and Song History, Japanese History, and Bibliography. The victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression was accompanied by the demobilization of Zhejiang University to Hangzhou, in 1952 the department was adjusted, most of the departments in Zhejiang and Zhijiang University merged to form Zhejiang Normal College, Le Su stayed in Zhejiang Normal College as the head of the department of history and the director of the library, in 1954 was transferred to the People's Education Publishing House as the director of the history editing office, the second institute of history of the Chinese Academy of Sciences concurrently served as a researcher and academic committee member. The Lesu family lives in the compound of the People's Education Publishing House, which was originally the residence of a princess of the Qianlong Emperor, and now there are two new office buildings in it, and the northernmost part of the compound is a row of old bungalows, inhabited by more than 10 families, all of whom are colleagues of Mr. Lesu. Mr. Lesu lives in two rooms with suites, sitting north and facing south, the outer room is more than 20 square meters, three walls are lined with bookshelves, books are piled up to the roof, most of them are line-bound books. There is also a row of bookshelves in the room, which doubles as a screen, and on both sides are the desks of the Lesu couple. As soon as you enter the door there is a dining table with a few square stools, a pair of old sofas and a cupboard. Inside is the bedroom, about 14 square meters, with an old double bed, a wardrobe, a small table with a lamp, and a washbasin with a water pipe. The toilet is in the yard, 5 meters away from the house, and is public. There was no kitchen, and a honeycomb coal stove was placed under the eaves outside the door, and in the winter the stove was moved into the house, and a smoke pipe was installed to double as a heating. There is also a cottage of about 10 square meters, in the same row, separated by several families, where the two college sons come home on the weekend. Zeng Qingying said that this was "the real situation of the living conditions of China's senior intellectuals in the 1950s and 1960s." Mr. Lesu was born in Xinhui, Guangdong Province in 1902, and should have been 52 years old when he was transferred to Beijing from Hangzhou in 1954. After 1971, he returned to Hangzhou University (the original Zhejiang Normal College) from the Fengyang Ministry of Education in Anhui Province, and in 1978 he became the director of the Hangzhou Song History Research Office and the president of the Zhejiang Historical Society. Born in Shanghai in 1934, Mr. Zhichao was a researcher and doctoral supervisor at the Institute of History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences before his retirement.
First draft on July 24, 2021, revised on August 2, Hangzhou Xixi
About author:Weiqiang Zhou, Editor.jpg. He is the author of "Jimen Dusk: Essays on the History of Yuan", "Shulin Artistic Conception", "The Master of Snow Sweeping: Qian Xuan's Simultaneous Biography", "Taibai Wind: Chen Wangdao's Biography", "The Back Of The Untold Back: Celebrities of Education and Culture and Hangzhou", "Shi Si and Wenxin", "Thoughtful", "Old Stories of Xuelin", "The Most Memorable is Hangzhou", "Nineteen Commentaries on Ancient Poems", etc.
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