The Book of Han, also known as the Book of the Former Han Dynasty, compiled by Ban Gu, a historian of the Eastern Han Dynasty in China, is one of the first chronicles of Chinese history, one of the "Twenty-Four Histories". The Book of Han is another important historical book in ancient China after the "Records of History", and is called the "First Four Histories" together with the "Records of History", "Book of Later Han" and "Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms". The book of Han mainly records the first year of Han Gaozu from the Western Han Dynasty to the fourth year of Wang Mangdi Emperor of the New Dynasty, a total of 230 years. The Book of Han includes twelve chapters of the Ji, eight chapters of the Table, ten chapters of the Zhi, and seventy chapters of the Transmission, a total of 100 articles, which are divided into 120 volumes and a total of 800,000 words. #历史 #
Xu Le, Yan Wuren also. The book says: The troubles of the world are in the collapse of the earth, not in the disintegration, and the ancient and modern are also the same. What is a landslide? The end of Qin is also. Chen Shi did not have the dignity of a thousand multiplications, the land of territory, and after he was not a prince and a prince, he had no reputation for rural music, not the sages of Kong, Zeng, and Mozi, and the rich of Tao Zhu and Yi Dun. However, the poor alleys, the thorns, the partial shouting, the world from the wind, why is this? The reason why the people are in distress and the lord is not sympathetic, the grievances are not known, and the customs are chaotic and the government is not repaired, and the reason why these three chen is also a capital. This is called a landslide. Therefore, the affliction of the world cares about the landslide. What is disintegration? Wu, Chu, Qi, and Zhao Zhibing are also. The Seven Kingdoms are a great rebellion, and they are all called the kings of the ten thousand multiplications, with hundreds of thousands of armor, powerful enough to strictly enforce their territory, rich enough to persuade their soldiers and people, but they cannot go west to the land of size, and as a bird in the Central Plains, why is this? Non-quan is lighter than Pifu and bing is weaker than Chen Shiye. When it was, the virtue of the first emperor had not faded, and the people of the land and the people of the world were happy, so the princes had no help from the outside. This is called disintegration. Therefore, the plague of the world is not disintegrating. From this point of view, the world is really in the trend of collapse, although the poor people in cloth or the first difficulty and danger in the sea, Chen Shi is also, the king of the Three Jins or the existence? Although the world is not ruled, it is true that there is no tendency to collapse, although there are strong and powerful soldiers, they must not return to the heel and become birds, Wu and Chu are also, the group of subjects, the people, can be chaotic? This two-body, the clarity of safety and danger, the attention of the wise Lord and the deep observation.
[Translation] Xu Le, a native of Wuzhong County, Yan County. The book says: The subject has heard that the scourge of the world lies in the collapse of the earth, not in the disintegration, and the truth of ancient and modern times is the same. What is a landslide? This was the case in the last years of the Qin Dynasty. Chen Shi did not have the honor of princes, did not have a fiefdom, was not born as a descendant of the famous and prestigious family of the princes, did not have the praise of the township, and did not have the wealth of Confucius, Zengzi, Mozi, and Tao Zhu and Yi Dun. But he rose from the poor alley, danced the handle of the sword, shouted with his arms, and the world responded to the wind, what was the reason for this wrapping of noodles? This is because the people are poor and the monarch does not save, the resentment below and the top do not know, the social customs have been chaotic and the national politics is not rectified, these three are the objective conditions used by Chen Involved in the uprising. This is called a landslide. Therefore, the scourge of the world lies in the landslide. What is disintegration? The military rebellions of Wu, Chu, Qi, and Tang were like this. The conspiracy and rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms of Wu and Chu were all known as the kings of the Ten Thousand Multipliers, with hundreds of thousands of troops, the prestige was enough to clean up their territory, and the wealth was enough to reward their soldiers, but they could not seize the land of size in the west, and they themselves were captured by the imperial court. Not because their power was smaller than that of Pifu, nor because their military strength was weaker than Chen Shi's, but because the Deze of the former emperor had not yet declined at that time, and there were many people who were happy and customary, so the princes did not have assistance outside the feudal state. Creation is called disintegration. Therefore, the scourge of the world is not disintegrating. From this point of view, if there is a situation of collapse in the world, even the ordinary people in the poor and remote areas dare to attack first and endanger the sea, Chen Shi is such a person, not to mention there may be such a figure as the three Jin dynasty monarchs? Although there is no great rule in the world, if there is no situation of collapse, even if there is a strong country and a strong army, it will be destroyed before it can turn around, and the fate of Wu Chu and other princes is an example, not to mention the masses of subjects and the people, how can they rise up and cause chaos? These two main aspects are fundamental to the security of the country, and the wise monarch pays close attention to them.
In the meantime, the number of grains in the Kanto region is not counted, the years have not yet recovered, the people are poor, and the importance is on the border, and the number is reasonable, and the people should be uneasy about their situation. Restlessness is easy to move, easy to move, and the trend of collapse is also. Therefore, the wise lord looks at the origin of all transformations, and is aware of the opportunity of safety, above the temple of repair, and the invisible affliction. The most important thing is to make the world collapse. Therefore, although there are powerful and powerful soldiers, His Majesty chases away the beasts, shoots birds, travels to the swallows, and is obscene and obedient, and the joy of galloping is free. The sound of golden stone silk bamboo is endless, the private of the drapery, the laughter of the haiyou dwarfs are not lacking in the front, and the world has no worries. Why should the name be fu, the son, the custom must be cheng, Kang! Although the subjects think that His Majesty's natural qualities and generous resources, and sincerity is the business of the world, then the names of Yu and Tang are not difficult to be used, and the customs of Cheng and Kang may not be revived. This two-body person stands, and then respects the truth of peace, and is widely known in the world, pro-world and obedient to the four Yi, Yu En's legacy is several generations of long, and the south side is backed by the regent and the prince, and this majesty is also obeyed. The king of the subjects is not successful, and his enemies are enough to be at peace. Why does His Majesty An Ze ask for it, why can't he do it, why can't he do it, and why does he not obey it?
Recently, there have been many times east of Hangu Pass, the years have not recovered, most of the people are poor, and with military operations in the border areas, according to the law and common sense, the people will be uneasy about their situation. Because it is restless, it is easy to riot, easy to riot, it is a situation of collapse! Therefore, the wise monarch observes the origin of the change of all things, knows the key to safety, governs the imperial court, and eliminates the scourges that have not yet formed. The gist of it is to find a way to make the world free from collapse. Therefore, even if there are powerful soldiers, His Majesty chases away the beasts, shoots the flying crows, expands the garden of amusement, indulges in uncontrolled indulgence, and drives the pleasure of hunting and playing to the fullest, there is no problem. The sound of golden stone and bamboo is incessant, the laughter of flirting with private love and advocating excellence dwarfs is not lacking in the front, and there is no long-term worry in the world. Why should the reputation be as high as Xia Yu and Shang Tang, and why should the folk customs be as good as during the period of King Cheng and King Kang! Nevertheless, the courtier privately believed that His Majesty was naturally intelligent and had generous and benevolent assets, and if he really regarded the governance of the world as his top priority, then the reputation of Xia Yu and Shang Tang would not be difficult to catch up with, and the folk customs of the Cheng and Kang eras could be revived. Grasping the two fundamentals of preventing the collapse of the earth and avoiding the disintegration, and then enjoying the reality of honor and comfort, making a name for himself in the world, being close to the people of the world, and submitting to the barbarians of the four directions, Yu En sent virtue for generations, facing south, leaning against the screen painted with black and white axe-shaped patterns, with the whole sleeve, bowing to the princes and ministers, and building is what His Majesty wants to do. The subject heard that even if the quest for the royal path is unsuccessful, the worst can make the world peaceful. If the world is at peace, then how can His Majesty need what he does not get, what he does without success, and who does not surrender?
Those who are strict, those who are in peace, and those who are in charge of it. In the history of the former Chancellor, it is known that the subject heard the "Zou Zi" (邹子): "Those who are political, religious, and cultural, so the cloud saves also, at that time, it was used, and if it was too much, it was discarded, and if it was easy, it was easy to change, so those who kept one and did not change, did not see the rule of the rule." "Today, the people of the lower world use wealth and extravagance, the carriages and horses are dressed in the palace room, the tune of the five voices makes there are festivals, the miscellaneous five colors make there are articles, and the abbot of the five tastes is in front, in order to observe the world." The love of the people, seeing the beauty, is the shame of the people. If there is no discipline, it cannot be supported, and the people are separated from their roots and are at the end of their lives. It is not in vain, so the gentleman is not afraid to deceive, and the sword bearer praises killing people to correct it, and the world does not know it, so the adultery is immersed. Fu Jiali zhen weird obedience to the eyes and ears, so the loss of loss and Thai, the loss of pleasure and adultery, the loss of etiquette and the collection, the loss of teaching and falsehood. False, prosaic, obscene, Thai, not so the way of the people also. It is because the people of the world are chasing profits and the law is broken. Subjects are willing to serve the people's system to prevent their adultery, so that the rich and the poor will not shine against each other to reconcile their hearts. The heart is peaceful, and its sex is peaceful. If you don't camp in peace, then the thieves sell, and the thieves sell, then the punishment is less; if the punishment is less, then the yin and yang are harmonious, the four hours are positive, when the wind and rain are thick, the grass and trees are lush, the grain is fertile, the six animals are written, the people are not dying, and the peace is also the best. "The subject Wen Zhou has the world, and his rule is more than three hundred years old, and Cheng and Kang Qilong are also punished for more than forty years without using it." And its decline, but also more than three hundred years, so the fifth uncle more rise. The Uncle, Chang Zuo Tianzi Xingli eliminates harm, curses violence and forbids evil, kuang zheng hai nei, to honor the son of heaven. The fifth uncle is not, the sage is not continued, the son of heaven is lonely and weak, and the order is not good. The princes act arbitrarily, the strong are weak, and the multitudes are tyrannical. Tian Chang usurped Qi, the six secretaries divided into Jin, and for the Warring States, the beginning of this people also suffered. So the strong country attacked, the weak country repaired, the united from Lianheng, the car attacked, the louse was born, and the people did not tell anything.
Yan An, a Linmiao person. In his capacity as the history of the former Minister, he wrote: "The "Zouzi" of the ministers said: "The indoctrination of government decrees has the characteristics of the times, is used to correct the shortcomings of the times, and uses those that conform to the actual social conditions at that time, discards it when it is obsolete, and changes it if it is necessary, so sticking to a certain government decree and indoctrinating without changing it is not seeing the most important point of politics." "Now the rich people of the world use excessive luxury in their belongings, the carriages and horses are more luxurious than the palace rooms, adjusting the palace, shang, horns, signs, and feathers to make the five voices of the palace, the horns, the signs, and the feathers stop and suppress, and the five colors of blue, red, yellow, white, and black make them have literary brilliance, and the harmony of the five flavors is displayed before the abbot, and the boast shows that they want to make the people of the world envious." The pleasure of those people is to see good things and want to enjoy them, which is to teach the people with luxury. Extravagance without restraint of goods will be unsatisfied, and the people will turn their backs on their own karma and pursue their last karma. The rich profits of the last industry cannot be obtained in vain, so the officials are not afraid of extorting money in violation of the law, and the warriors with swords compete to kill people and deceive and plunder, but the world does not know shame, so treacherous and evil behavior gradually grows. Beautiful and rare things originally looked at JII ~ HE, listening to pleasant ears, so losing cultivation will be arrogant, without healthy music will be fornication, loss of etiquette will be exaggerated, abandonment of indoctrination will be false. Treachery, deceit, exaggeration, fornication, and arrogance are all acts that cannot be used to legislate and educate the people. Therefore, the people of the world have not stopped chasing fame and fortune, and there must be many people who violate the law and commit rebellion. The subjects hoped to make a system of laws and decrees for the people to prevent their extravagance, so that the rich and the poor would no longer boast of each other to ease the people's envy of luxury. When the mind is harmonized, their disposition becomes quiet and comfortable. If the temperament is quiet and comfortable and does not cheat on private property, then the thieves will disappear; when the thieves are eliminated, the punishment will be reduced; when the punishment is reduced, the yin and yang will be reconciled, the four hours will be correct, the wind and rain will be timely, the grass and trees will flourish, the grain will be abundant, the six animals will multiply, the people will have no disease, and the harmony will reach its peak. The subject heard that the Zhou Dynasty ruled the world, and its rule lasted for more than three hundred years, and the two generations of King Cheng and King Kang were prosperous, and the punishment was shelved for more than forty years and was not used. By the decline of the Zhou Dynasty, it had also experienced more than three hundred years, so the Spring and Autumn Five Hegemons had risen one after another. The overlord is to often assist the Son of Heaven in the revival of profits and eliminate harm, to curse violence and forbid evil, to support the right path in the sea, and to honor the Son of Heaven with these. After the death of the Five Lords, there was no sage and holy lord to inherit their cause, and the Son of Heaven was isolated and weakened, and the order could not be done. The princes act arbitrarily, bullying the weak with the strong, and bullying the widows with the multitude. Tian Chang usurped the authority of the State of Qi, and Zhi, Fan, Zhonghang, Han, Tang, and Wei Liuqing divided up the power of the Jin State and became belligerent states, which was the beginning of the hardships of the people. At this time, the strong countries were committed to attacking, the weak countries were repairing their garrisons and connecting vertically, the messengers were galloping and colliding with each other, the armor of the soldiers was covered with lice, and the common people had nowhere to complain.
And to the King of Qin, encroaching on the world, annexing the Warring States, the title of Emperor, the government of a sea, the city of bad princes. Pin its soldiers, cast as a bell, show no reuse. Yuan Yuan Li min was spared from the Warring States, and every day, everyone thought that they were reborn. Township envoys Qin suspended punishment, thin endowment, provincial servitude, noble benevolence, low power, thick and thick, lower Qiaoqiao, change customs and customs, and become in the sea, then the world will be safe. Qin does not act as a wind, follows its customs, advances for those who know the right, retreats for those who are loyal and upright, is strict and harsh in law, and is widely known for its beauty. Wanting to threaten overseas, the general Meng Tian attacked Qiang Hu in the north, opened up the land and entered the territory, fought in the North River, and flew to save the millet to follow. He also made Wei Tu Sui attack the men of the building and ships, and made Jian Lu dig a canal to transport grain, go deep into the land, and the more people fled. The protracted period was protracted, the grain was scarce, and the Yue people attacked it, and the Qin soldiers were defeated. Qin Nai made Wei Tuo (尉佗) the general Shu Yue .e. When it was, the Qin scourge was built in the north by Hu, the south was hung in Yue, and the soldiers were in useless places, and then they could not retreat. For more than ten years, Ding Nan was transferred by A and Ding Nu, suffering from life, passing through the Dao Tree, and the dead looked at each other. and the Qin Emperor collapsed, the world is on the banks of the world. Chen Sheng, Wu Guangju Chen, Wu Chen, Zhang Erju Zhao, Xiang Liang Ju Wu, Tian Danju Qi, Jing Ju Ju Yin, Zhou Shi Ju Wei, Han Guang Ju Yan, Poor Mountains and Tonggu, Haoshi juju, and Invincible. However, after the original is not a prince, the official who is not a chief, has no size, rises from the alley, the staff is thorny, should move from time to time, rise up without conspiracy, meet with the same meeting, and advance long, to the king of Hu Bo, the time to teach. Qin Gui is the Son of Heaven, rich in the world, extinct in the world, and the scourge of poor soldiers. Therefore, Zhou lost the weak, Qin lost the strong, the unchangeable suffering also. Present-day Nanyi, Chaoyelang, Descending Qiang, Slightly Liaozhou, Jianchengyi, Deep Xiongnu, Burning Dragon City, And The Beauty of the Speakers. The interests of this person are not the long-term strategies of the world. Today, China has no police of barking dogs, but the outside is tired of the distant preparedness, and the country is destroyed, not so the people. Practice endless desires, be willing to be happy, and resent the Xiongnu, not so Anbian also. Misfortune is incomprehensible, soldiers rest and rise, the near one is sad, the far one is frightened, not so long-lasting. Today, when forging armor and swords, correcting arrows and controlling strings, and transferring military food, there is no rest, and the world is also worried. Over time, the husband and soldier change, and things are troublesome and worried. The land of present-day outer counties or thousands of miles, the city of Liecheng is dozens, the shape of the soil system, with the threat of princes, not the interests of the clan. Shangguan Qi and Jin died, the office was degraded, and the Six Qing Dasheng was also; the reason why the Lower View Qin was destroyed, the punishment was severely engraved, and the desire was infinite. The power of the present county is not the weight of the special six secretaries, the capital of the land is not special Lu Lane, and the use of armor equipment is not special thorny, and it is invincible in the event of changes in the world. Later, Ann was ordered to ride a horse.
[Translation] Wait until the King of Qin wins the government, encroaches on the world, annexes the nations, builds the title of "Emperor", unifies the government decrees in the sea, and demolishes the castles of the princes. Destroy the captured weapons and cast them into zhong yu, indicating that they will no longer be used. The common people were spared the pain of the warring states, and everyone thought that they had met the Son of Heaven and gained a new life. If the Qin Dynasty lenient punishments, mitigated endowments, reduced servitude, valued benevolence and righteousness, despised rights, advocated loyalty, despised qiaoqiao, changed customs and customs, and promoted indoctrination in the sea, then the world of the Qin Dynasty would be peaceful for generations to come. The Qin Dynasty did not advocate the promotion of such a social atmosphere, but it continued to use its old customs, those who played with wisdom and power were put into use, those who were loyal and upright were reprimanded, the laws were harsh, the government decrees were harsh, and there were many people who flattered and flattered, and the emperor listened to them every day. If he wanted to be strong overseas, he sent Meng Tian to lead troops to attack the Xiongnu in the north, open up territory, and defend the North River, so that the people could quickly transport grain and grass and follow the army. He also sent the county capital Tu Sui to lead the soldiers of the building to attack Baiyue, and sent Yu Shilu to dig a spiritual canal to transport grain, going deep into the yue land, and the more people fled. The long-term period was protracted, the food supply was not available, the Yue people launched an attack, and the Qin soldiers were defeated. The Qin Dynasty then sent Wei Tuo to lead troops to defend the Yue Territory, and at that time, the scourge of the Qin Dynasty was that the north was resentful of the Xiongnu, the south was hostile to the Yue, and the garrison was in useless places, advancing without retreating. After more than ten years in this way, Ding Nan fought as a soldier, Ding Women transported, bitterly did not talk about life, hanged himself on a roadside tree, and the dead looked at each other. When Qin Shi Huang collapsed, the world rebelled. Chen Sheng, Wu Guang took Chen, Wu Chen, Zhang Er took Zhao, Xiang Liang Ke Wu, Tian Dan seized Qi, Jing Ju Xia Yin, Zhou Shi fell Wei, Han Guangju Yan, Man shan Haojie rose together, and could not be remembered. However, these people were not the descendants of the princes, nor were they local governors, they did not have the slightest power, they rose from Yan Xiang, held the handle of a spear, moved in accordance with the times, did not conspire with the contract, gathered together, attacked the city and plundered the land, until they became kings, which was the result of the indoctrination at that time. The emperor of the Qin Dynasty was a son of heaven, rich in the world, and exterminated the lineage and cut off the sacrifice, which was a scourge caused by poor soldiers and martial arts. Therefore, the faults of the Zhou Dynasty were weak, and the faults of the Qin Dynasty were strong, both because they could not adapt to the times and caused the disaster of the country's subjugation. Now the Han court wanted to appease Nanyi, make Yelang come to the dynasty, surrender qiang and Lingzhou, and build the city there, and wanted to go deep into the Xiongnu and burn their dragon city, and the deliberators praised these plans. This is the desire of the people and subjects, not the long-term strategy for governing the world. At present, there is no alarm for dogs to bark in China, but it is affected by the defenses outside the country, so that the country is withered and decayed. In order to realize endless desires, in a vain attempt to be willing and happy, and to form a grudge with the Huns, this is not a way to stabilize the border. If the scourge is not resolved, and the war is stopped and provoked again, making those in the vicinity miserable and those at a distance afraid, this is not a lasting solution. Now the people of the world must forge armor, sharpen swords, correct arrows, draw bowstrings, transfer military food, and see no end in sight. The use of troops for too long will cause chaos, and the multitude of things will make people suspicious. At present, the land of the outer counties is nearly a thousand miles, and there are dozens of cities, and the situation in the mountains and rivers is enough to blackmail the people in its counties and threaten the nearby princes, which is not the interest of the Han Dynasty clan. The reason for the demise of Shangguan Qi and Jin was because the office was weak and the Six Qings were too strong; the reason for the collapse of the Qin state was that the punishment was harsh, the desire was too great, and there was no exhaustion. At present, the power held by the county sheriff is not as heavy as that of the six secretaries of the Jin Dynasty; the land is thousands of miles, nor is it the Lu Lane so much dependent; the armor and armor equipment, let alone the spear and the spear, with these favorable conditions, in case of chaos in the world, what situation will arise, it is undeniable. Later, Yan An was given the order to ride a horse.