Overall planning / Yangcheng Evening News all-media reporter Chen Xiaopeng Ma Yong
Yangcheng Evening News "Huizhou Context" June 11 layout map
Zhang Xuan, a famous scholar of the Ming Dynasty and a native of Boluo, has made achievements in the fields of history, bibliography, publishing, calligraphy and painting, poetry, opera, and exegesis. Its rich collection of books was famous in Guangdong during the Ming Dynasty, and its million words were second to none in Lingnan. This year marks the 380th anniversary of Zhang Xuan's death, and countless scholars still pay attention to him. Unfortunately, the reporter's field visit found that Zhang Xuan was gradually forgotten in the local area, and this historical celebrity resource was not given due attention and development. In fact, this is not an isolated case. Huizhou's historical celebrities are like a galaxy, and the rich spiritual connotation and unique influence of celebrities are an excellent foundation and important content for the development of cultural industries. How to let historical celebrities go out of the study hall and into the contemporary era is worth thinking about. (Li Haichan)
DuHui/Cartography
Zhang Xuan (Chinese: 张萱; pinyin: Zhāng Zhāng Zhān), courtesy name Mengqi , was born in the 37th year of Ming Jiajing ( 1558 ) , whose ancestor was The Famous Tang Emperor Zhang Jiuling . Zhang Xuan's life experienced rich ups and downs, young zhongju, although he had no connection with jinshi, but also an official to Hubu Langzhong, and later when he was serving as the prefect of the foreign government, he was slandered by a rumor, and he resigned from his post and returned to Li. After returning to his hometown of Boluo, Zhang Xuan immersed himself in the West Garden and immersed himself in reading. The West Garden is rich in books and ancient books, and is a famous library building in Guangdong in the Ming Dynasty. Here, Zhang Xuan wrote a million words and left countless precious materials. Unfortunately, in the sixth year after Zhang Xuan's death, the Qing army captured Luoyang, and his writing collection "JuHuo Embers" was extremely rare. Zhang Xuan's extant work "Doubting Yao" was included in the "Four Libraries Complete Book", and only two people in Huizhou had this honor, and his Ming Dynasty line-bound traditional script was permanently collected by the National Library of China. Covering more than 250 years of history of the Ming Dynasty, the "West Garden" is a treasure trove of Historical Materials of the Ming Dynasty, which is still valued by scholars at home and abroad.
Will try to fall into the cabinet study The famous teacher pointed out the aspiring history
Born in Boluo's famous family of scholars, Zhang Xuan's father Zhang Zhengxi was not simple, jinshi and the first, for the official integrity, the Guangdong Tongzhi said that he was "elegant and quiet, ying ying and jade standing", reading and lecturing when teaching, "cold and summer do not quit", "scholars respect and teachers". Zhang Zhengxi respected his mother's heavy way, thrifty and thrifty, and once "built a room in Donggao, and taught his son to be a housekeeper". His mother, Xie Tai'an, "though a eunuch, actually came from the field", managed the house well and attached great importance to the education of her children. Good family style has become the cornerstone of the growth of the eldest son Zhang Xuan, and when he was a teenager, he was already outstanding among his peers, "thirteen years old is the first mao of all generations". In the tenth year of the Ming Dynasty (1582), the 24-year-old Zhang Xuan and his younger brother Zhang Cui were simultaneously promoted, and because Zhang Xuan was outstanding in learning, he was appreciated by Zhao Zhigao, then the deputy envoy of Guangdong, and recommended him to speak for all students (similar to a university assistant). Unfortunately, Before Zhang Xuan could show his fists and feet, he returned home because of the sudden death of his father. During the funeral of his father, Zhang Xuan was devastated, so thin that he limped even when he walked. After holding the funeral dress ceremony (since the funeral, keeping filial piety for 27 months), Zhang Xuan is still in shape like an arch, bearing the great changes of losing her father in her early years. I don't know if it was affected by this, Zhang Xuan has been not smooth on the road of the imperial examination, "repeatedly on the Spring Official", and has never been able to pass the entrance examination. Perhaps the authorities felt that this was too unfair to Zhang Xuan, so they appointed him as a cabinet secretary in the cabinet system, responsible for compiling the history of the country and entering the feast of the scriptures. Therefore, he also had to peek into the secret cabinet collection, familiar with allusions, and wrote four volumes of the "Secret Cabinet Collection", and began his writing career.
When he was an official in Nanjing, Zhang Xuan became acquainted with the historians of the time, such as Wang Shizhen and Wang Daokun. Because his father Zhang Zhengxi was once valued by Wang Daokun, this relationship made Zhang Xuan feel good in the upper class and was deeply loved by Wang Shizhen and Wang Daokun. In the process of communication, Wang Shizhen read some of Zhang Xuan's poems and articles, and praised it, saying that "the widow can be related to the history of speech". In the letter to Wang Daokun, Wang Shizhen also specifically mentioned: "Is Zhang Xuan there? This sub-material is like a shengwen. Later, Zhang Xuan mentioned in the "Records of Hearing and Seeing in the West Garden" that Wang Shizhen said to him many times: "Li Binzhi is the most pitiful talent, while the north and Xinyang are not vibrant, and the mountain people of Yizhou (according to Wang Shizhen call themselves) old, when the forest of gains and losses in the world, Zi Qi Mianzhi." It can be seen from this that Wang Shizhen is very important to Zhang Xuan, thinking that he is old and unable to complete the revision of contemporary national history, so he instructed Zhang Xuan to work hard, and even directly wrote to Wang Daokun to recommend Zhang Xuan.
The Huizhou Museum exhibits a statue of Zhang Xuan
Three hundred volumes of the Records of the Past Dynasties In a few years, the painstaking efforts of the Dynasty were paid to Qin Yan
In the twenty-first year of the Ming Dynasty (1593), the 35-year-old Zhang Xuan had been in the cabinet for several years. This year was extremely important to Zhang Xuan, and it strengthened his determination to study the history of Ming. According to historical records, Chen Yu, who had just been promoted to the position of Rebbe Shangshu, wrote to Emperor Mingshenzong to revise the contemporary history. Before that, dynasties were alternate generations. Because the revision of history will inevitably involve the praise and depreciation of good and evil, the current generation of people will certainly have difficulties in revising contemporary history. In order to persuade the Ming Shen Sect, Chen Yu Majesty actually played a song of more than 3100 words, which impressed the Ming Shen Sect. In the twenty-second year of the Ming Dynasty (1594), Emperor Mingshenzong ordered the opening of the museum to repair history, with More than 20 people, including Wang Xijue and Chen Yuxi, as the vice presidents of the revision. Chen Yu majesty has long begun to look for candidates, and Zhang Xuan, who has emerged in the field of history, naturally became the best candidate. Therefore, Zhang Xuan was awarded the Ming Records of the Guan Dynasty, "seeing the grass for a while, that is, looking for books, abridged and tired dynasty records, from Hongwu to Longqingfan three hundred volumes", which became a book called "The Small Record of Knowledge of Western Provinces" and a book of its own, "Western Province Japanese Banknotes".
In the twenty-fifth year of the Ming Dynasty (1597), Zhang Xuan, who was handy in his career, suffered a catastrophe. In the same year, a fire broke out in the imperial city, which affected the cabinet library, and not only a large number of historical materials were burned, but Zhang Xuan's "Xi Province Zhi Xiaolu" and "Xi Province Japanese Banknote" were also doomed, and they all "paid Qin Yan". After the fire, due to various scruples and difficulties in revising contemporary history, coupled with the fact that Chen Yuxi, the leader of the revision of history, had already died of a cold illness in the outskirts of Yunnan, and it ended in fruitlessness. Although the contemporary history of official revision is bent at the waist, it has stimulated the development of the private revision history of the Ming Dynasty and made the private revision history of the Ming Dynasty enter a prosperous stage. For Zhang Xuan, Xiu Shi's waist was folded, and he no longer had to stay in the cabinet. A year later, Zhang Xuan returned on the grounds of missing her mother, but she was unexpectedly "strong enough to return the dynasty" by her mother. After returning to the dynasty, Zhang Xuan participated in the revision of the "Jade Tablets" by the imperial court, and was later promoted to the position of head of the Household Department in Beijing (正六品), and was assigned to Wu Guan. During his tenure, Zhang Xuan did things impartially and achieved good political achievements, and he would not fake any music that he was asked to handle. Later, he was sent to Suzhou Hushuguan as a messenger and took his mother from Boluo to live with him. In Hushuguan, he was meticulous, "extremely generous business" to the local "political beetle", "Qian (the meaning of removal) is not hidden".
In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, one year when the three Wu (Suzhou East Wu, Runzhou Middle Wu, Huzhou West Wu) were hungry, Zhang Xuan advocated donating money to close the door and helping the poor people of Suzhou Provincial School, County School, Academy and other schools. He also vigorously promoted public welfare undertakings, repairing donggongdi, Hushu Ancestral Teacher Temple, City God Temple, Huqiu Temple, Guanshan Temple, rebuilding Yicang, and Dezheng was praised by the locals. University scholars Wang Xijue and Shen Shixing also praised Zhang Xuan.
The name of the obscure name is hidden in the pastoral garden Ofsa Shizui wrote a million words
Zhang Xuan, who had achieved great political achievements in Suzhou, was soon promoted to Hubu Langzhong (正五品), and after 3 years of completion, Zhang Xuan, who had no interest in the officialdom, planned to "return to the family with his mother and beg for his final support". However, Emperor Mingshenzong did not allow it, and promoted him to guizhou Pingyue shou. In the thirty-ninth year of the Ming Dynasty (1611), the "political beetles" he had made enemies in Suzhou added up to his nicknames, and the emperor, who listened to one-sided words, actually ordered Zhang Xuan to resign and return home. For Zhang Xuan, this is undoubtedly "right in the middle", so he "smelled it gladly" and returned to Boluo Luoyang with satisfaction, and built a garden in the west of Rongxi, called the West Garden.
In the end, Zhang Xuan is still a good official who is always concerned about the people in his heart. He set up a millet barn to relieve the people, and in every year of desolation, he would cook porridge to relieve hunger, and the people would "live in many places." When he saw wild corpses on the side of the road, he donated a tree (a small coffin) to hide it; he also bought hundreds of acres of wasteland outside the city to develop agriculture and fisheries to help the local people increase their income. Whenever there is a Xingge in the county, local officials will come to the door to consult, and Zhang Xuan's reputation as "West Garden Gong" spread far and wide. At that time, the West Garden could be described as a famous garden in eastern Guangdong. According to the Qianlong Jinshi Tancui of the Qing Dynasty in the "Records of the Barnyard Pearls of Chu Ting": "His eunuchs were quite spared, and they were the west of the RongXi River in the garden, and the victory of the Jishui Bamboo Pond Platform." "The pavilions, terraces, buildings, pavilions, ancestral halls, halls, xuan, zhai, pavilions, pavilions, pavilions, pools, bridges, and ferries in the West Garden are all readily available, and the inscriptions are very rich, and the content is taken from the words and phrases given by the Western Jin Dynasty Pan Yue, such as the effect of the humble, the Zhongyuan Yuan, and the Yongya Fuchen. In Tan Cui's view, West Garden is "twice as famous as The Dragon Sleep Villa". According to history, after returning to Luoyang at the age of 53, Zhang Xuan plunged headlong into the West Garden, not releasing the scroll in his hand, not entering the city, and "forty years under the forest." One of his most famous sayings is: "Cold can be without clothes, hunger can be without food, illness can be incurable, and there can be no book for a day." Qing Daoguang's "Guangdong Tongzhi" also said that at this time, he was "life without other hobbies, monolithic books, old and mitu, hidden in tens of thousands of volumes, Dan lead is all over the place." From the yin and yang of heaven and earth, as well as bing, nong, ritual, music, yuan multiplication, and tao, all of them discuss flooding." He not only read books, but also devoted himself to writing. He painstakingly examined the official and private historical materials from Ming Hongwu to the Apocalypse for more than 200 years, and finally compiled the famous wild history of the late Ming Dynasty, "West Garden Hearing and Seeing Record".
For Zhang Xuan, such a life is not only not boring at all, but also very comfortable. He once wrote a poem "Spring In the West Garden" to express his leisurely and self-happy mentality: "Day and night, I cover up the rolls and only spread rice, and Twice throw hoes and look at the mountains." In addition to the "Records of Hearing and Seeing in the West Garden", there are more than a dozen kinds of "Secret Cabinet Collection Records", "Ancient Rhymes", "Doubtful Yao", "Dongpo Yuhui Record", "West Garden Painting Review", "West Garden Hui History", "West Garden Manuscript", "Shi Yu", "Zhou Shu of entering the House", "Four Books of Yin House" and so on. Among them, "Doubting Yao" is a compilation of the Qing "Four Libraries Complete Book", which is still printed today. The 20 volumes of the Huiya Preliminary Compilation and the 20 volumes of the Huiya Continuation are the bibliography of the Siku Quanshu. In addition, Zhang Xuancheng's book has not yet had time to be completed, including "West Garden Class Forest", "Five Classics Consistent", "Ancient WenQi Characters", "West Garden Class Theory" and so on. Millions of words are enough to drown ancient and modern. Such a prolific writer, even in the whole country, is very few.
What is even more rare is that Zhang Xuan also actively engraved books to pass on to the world to benefit the society. According to preliminary statistics, Zhang Xuan's engravings include Song Zhang Junfang's "Yundi Seven Dragons", Song Zhao Xihu's "Records of Dongtian Qinglu", Yuan Dai Dong's "Six Books of Ancient History" and "Six Books of General Interpretation", and Ming Wu Anguo's "Leiwa Compilation" and "Leiwa Second Edition". Most of these books were written by Wen Yuange's Siku Quanshu, but few people would notice that they were carved by Zhang Xuan.
The 10,000-volume collection of books has unfortunately not survived The great works of historiography have rarely been circulated by the people
In the fourteenth year of Ming Chongzhen (1641), Zhang Xuan, 83 years old, died sitting in the West Garden. Qu Dajun, a famous scholar in Guangdong, when discussing Zhang Xuan's contributions to historiography, quoted a passage from Zhang Xuan: "The world is far away and lowly, and in the Luofu Stone Room where I hide, there are good people under the hundred generations." No, I should return it to creation. The implication is that people nowadays always like to talk about the history that is far away from themselves, and do not pay attention to the history that is close at hand. I hid my book in the stone chamber of Luofu Mountain, and in a hundred years there will still be peers who will look forward to it. If not, I should return the book to heaven and earth.
This passage can be said to be Zhang Xuan's proverb. In the sixth year after his death, the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the war burned to Boluo, "Meng Qi's books, scattered after the fire, but the "West Garden Collection" and "Doubtful Yao" two books still exist", Qu Dajun sighed: "Is it really returned to the creation of heaven and earth?" At the same time, after receiving this news, a generation of senior monks who were thousands of miles away wrote a poem with sadness, "Dezhang Xiaozhongshu": "Suddenly the book sent from heaven, the fire destroyed the West Garden", "Confucian Gate Indifferent Si Ling Vulture, Yunge Desolate Weeping Silverfish", self-noted "Tens of thousands of volumes of the West Garden Testament, no less than ten thousand volumes of hand," all fire embers." Even the little bookworm, the silverfish, would cry, which showed the grief in Han Ke's heart.
Misfortune ensued. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the works of many famous people in Huizhou were banned and destroyed, and Zhang Xuan was no exception. Because Zhang Xuan had a detailed exposure and positive advice on the ambitions and behaviors of the Jurchen nobles who rose up in Jianzhou in the northeast at that time in the book "Records of Hearing and Seeing in the West Garden", he was banned after entering the Qing Dynasty. Because of this, Zhang Xuan was almost forgotten by history. After Zhang Xuan's death, the Records of Hearing and Seeing in the West Garden were still recorded in the early Qing Dynasty, such as Huang Yuji's Bibliography of Qianqingtang, which classified this book into the category of history departments. During the Qianlong period, not only was the Siku Quanshu not included in this book, but other Qing bibliographies were also difficult to find traces of the West Garden, which showed that this book was rarely passed down in the Qing Dynasty. For a long time in modern times, chinese scholars who studied the historiography of the late Ming Dynasty did not even know that the "Records of Hearing and Seeing in the West Garden" still existed. Fortunately, the Records of the West Garden have always been circulated in the form of manuscripts. During the Republic of China period, Chen Baochen handed over the 107-volume "West Garden Wenzhi" of the ancestral Sanshan Chen Jujingtang Lange Manuscript to the Harvard Yenching Society, which then borrowed the fragments of the two guangxu copies of the Shunde Li clan (that is, Li Wentian), and the historian Deng Zhicheng and his student Professor Hou Renzhi collated and revised the "West Garden Wenzhi" on the basis of the Jujingtang Ming codex. After four years, in 1940, he was finally able to "finish" the manuscript 299 years after Zhang Xuan's death. The book was published by the Harvard Yenching Society in Song style, and the whole book is 107 volumes with more than 3 million words, which can be called a huge historical masterpiece. (Text/Chen Feihui)
Boro's oldest family ancestral hall is overgrown and overgrown by people calling for repairs
Text/Yangcheng Evening News all-media reporter Li Haichan
The Zhang Ancestral Hall is in ruins
It is difficult to find traces of the West Park today, and the local residents know very little about this history
Text/Figure Yangcheng Evening News all-media reporter Li Haichan
As a private garden, Zhang Xuan immersed herself in reading here, and her collection of books and writings was fruitful, making it famous and attracting countless literati to come to visit. Today, the West Garden, located west of Rongxi, is completely missing, replaced by a series of modern houses, and the local residents know little about this history.
There is no trace of the west park where it was
According to reports, since Zhang Xuan's death, the West Garden began to decline, especially when the Qing army attacked Luoyang in the fourth year of Qing Shunzhi (1647), Luoyang was madly slaughtered, and the West Garden was also difficult to escape the disaster of the army, more than half of it was damaged, but it was not completely destroyed. In the twenty-ninth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1690), the prefect of Huizhou, Wang Xuan, once lived in the West Garden, and there is a poem in the garden that "the winding path is roundabout, the small pavilion is first built, the old plum is several books, and the rot is sparse and sparse". By the time the famous scholar Tan Cui came to Visit Boluo in the Thirty-seventh Year of Qianlong (1772), the West Garden had been "abandoned as a land for farming and grazing!" Recently, under the leadership of Zhang Xiangwen, the reporter came to the Ring Road where the West Park is located. At a glance, the road is lined with ordinary residential shops, and the years have long erased the traces of the past. Walking on the road, Zhang Xiangwen recalled that when he was a child, he often came here with his friends to play and stay all day. At that time, although the West Garden was dilapidated, there were still some pavilions, small bridges flowing water, and lush trees. The old style is still visible.
For "Zhang Wu", Zhang Xiangwen also has a deep memory. He introduced that because of Zhang Xuan's reputation, The People of Zhangwu on Boluo Lower Street are called "West Garden Zhang", and there was originally a "Qingqin Hall" opposite the Zhang Ancestral Hall, which received visitors from all over the world, and the lower street in front of the Zhang Ancestral Hall erected a meritorious monument every one meter, stretching for tens of meters, at the end of the eastern Gong Monument, it was a "Xinyuan" archway, which could not be found in Boluo City. Unfortunately, these things were later all removed.
Source | Yangcheng Evening News
Editor-in-charge | Li Qing