The number of unjust prisons in the Ming Dynasty is probably worthy of being called the crown of China's dynasties. To tell the truth, creating unjust prisons is also a laborious task, without the professional level of professionals, it is okay to create one or two unjust prisons, and it is difficult to manufacture unjust prisons in large quantities. The reason why there were many unjust prisons in the Ming Dynasty was directly related to the fact that the Ming Dynasty set up a special large secret service agency. Only professional secret service agencies can do a large number of professional wrongful imprisonment.
The Jinyi Guards, known to later generations, belonged to the regular army establishment, and were armed police units directly under the emperor, and creating unjust prisons was only part of their work, and their main work was to guard the emperor's safety and be responsible for honor guards. Specializing in the manufacture of unjust imprisonment are the East Factory, the West Factory, and the Insider Factory.
The East Factory was founded by Zhu Di. Zhu Di started by rebellion, he must have a sense of insecurity in his heart, must be afraid of others to create his rebellion, so he created a professional secret service agency East Factory, professionally responsible for investigation and prison. The Existence of the East Factory lasted for more than 220 years, Li Zicheng invaded the city of Beijing, and the Chongzhen Emperor hanged himself, which naturally perished.
The West Factory was set up by Zhu Mishen and subsequently cancelled. It was established again by the time of Zhu Houzhao, and then cancelled again, for a total of more than ten years.
The Insider Factory was founded by Liu Jin to investigate and manage his own agents, which can be called the agents in charge of secret agents. Dog bites are the most tragic, the insider factory can be called the ultimate in the secret agent, fortunately, it only existed for more than four years, and with Liu Jin being killed, it naturally terminated.
Zhu Jianshen set up the West Factory, the cause of which was as follows: "In July of the previous year (1476), the Jingshi had a ni demon, and the internal official Wang Qian (who seemed to be "straight") was sent out of the main ash factory Zhongxunzhi, and then the ash factory was used as the west factory to serve the yin and private.
Although this Wang Zhi was a eunuch, he was extremely capable of investigating, and he went out of the palace to investigate: "When he was dressed in a small cloth hat and rode a donkey or a mule, he traveled to and from inside and outside the capital, and no one doubted it." Moreover, he investigated an extremely wide range: "Major political and trivial matters are spoken in dialects and alleys, and they are all heard." Zhu Jianshen had not even seen the minister's face for many years, and he naturally had no understanding of the city servant society outside the palace, and when he heard Wang Zhi's vivid explanation, he was naturally pleased. Therefore, Wang Zhi founded and presided over the West Factory, and professionally took charge of the investigation for him.
Those who like to listen to the privacy of others are mostly not very healthy, and history records Wang Zhi and his West Factory: "The Beidong Factory led by Ti Riding (the police force directly under the emperor), from the Beijing Division and the world, the afternoon investigation, although the royal palace is inevitable." Straight in the abolition of the use, successively for six years, the unjustly deceased belonged to each other. "If the Threat of the West Factory is only at the high-level bureaucratic level, including the royal palace, the common people may have to clap their hands and applaud it, but the West Factory has a huge appetite and eats everything from top to bottom: "From the border towns of the various royal palaces and the north and south rivers, the lieutenants are listed, and the folk fight chickens and dogs trivial matters, and the law is heavy, and the people are greatly disturbed."
After the establishment of the West Factory, for the first time, the great injustice created by the masses was of great enlightening significance:
There was a man named Yang Xun (also after a high-ranking official) whose father had committed a crime and was denounced by his enemies. Yang Xun secretly ran to the capital and asked his brother-in-law Dong Xu, who was in charge of the Ministry of Rites (equivalent to the synthesis of the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, etc.), for help, and Dong Xu went to ask Wei Ying, a eunuch who was serving in the newly established West Factory, and Wei Ying agreed to let Yang Xun take all his savings to himself, saying that he was doing something for him. After scraping Yang Xun clean, Wei Ying went to Wang Zhi to report that Yang Xun's father and son had committed a crime and dared to take money to the capital to help his brother-in-law go through the back door, hoping to get a commutation of sentence. Wang Zhi had just taken office and was trying to make a splash, so he immediately sent someone to arrest Yang Xun and Yang Xun's money
It had all been taken away by Wei Ying, and Dong Xu's home had been raided, and Dong Xu's property had also given gifts for his brother-in-law. Without getting more money, Wei Ying was very dissatisfied, and tortured Yang Xun even more fiercely, and Yang Xun was beaten up urgently, casually saying that his uncle Yang Shiwei still had some gold and silver in his family. Wei Ying immediately took someone to Yang Shiwei's house overnight to raid his home.
Yang Shiwei has a neighbor named Chen Yin, who is a Hanlin. Hearing that Yang Shiwei was tortured at home, he was very angry, climbed up the wall and shouted: "Er insults the courtiers, and is not afraid of the law of the country?" The police of the West Factory who beat people replied: "Who is er, not afraid of the West Factory?" Chen Yin shouted loudly, "I Hanlin Chen Yin also." As a result, Yang Gill was tortured to death in prison, his father Yang Tai was beheaded, and Yang Shiwei and Dong Xu were deposed. Regardless of whether It was right for Yang Xun to enter Beijing to pay bribes, Wei Ying accepted bribes and used this as a breakthrough and fabricated charges, resulting in the destruction of Yang Xun's entire family. Its psychology is so dark that it cannot be repeated. As far as the Yang family is concerned, if they don't go to Beijing to run the relationship, the most they can atone for, one or two people will admit it. The result of running the relationship is to bring the entire family to the knees. Five months after the establishment of the West Factory, the university scholar Shang Lu wrote a book describing the effect of the West Factory: "Get tortured and killed, do Weifu, thief abuse.... Doctors are uneasy about their duties, merchants are uneasy about the way, and ordinary people are uneasy about their karma. However, there are also pats who have reported that the behavior of the West Factory is "not only the law of today, but also the law of all generations."
Under the management of such a government composed of emperors, spies, and horse-ass spirits, the lives of ordinary people can be imagined. In 1470, the Jingxiang displaced people's revolt, which had been suppressed, broke out again, the scale of the uprising, there were still millions of people, and a year later it failed, but the flames of the uprising and rebellion were scattered on the land of China, and the plains were endless.
In 1472, a drought dried up the Beijing section of the canal.
In 1473, Wang Yue broke the Tartars, and then broke the Three Guards of Duoyan, and the northern Chinese border problems were slightly relieved, and a trilateral general system was immediately established.
In 1475, the use of torture such as sticks in general torture was prohibited. Whip you can just whip it.
In 1478, there was a Jiangxi man named Yang Fu, because he looked similar to Wang Zhi, pretended to be Wang Zhi, and went around swindling and cheating, and the magistrate allowed him to exploit him, and was later recognized by a eunuch named Lu Sheng.
In the winter of 1481, the eunuch Ah Ugly played a clown play for Emperor Xianzong, playing a drunkard, and others said: The emperor has arrived. He didn't care. Others say: Wang until. He immediately fled, and while fleeing, he said: What is the emperor, I am only afraid of the eunuch Wang. Wang Zhi's good days are over.
In 1482, Xichang was deposed, Wang Zhi was degraded, and he died of depression.