"The Last Manchu Warrior" - Dolonga
On November 27 of the first year of the Tongzhi Dynasty, the last warrior of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, the nemesis of the Shaanxi rebels, and the Terminator, Duolong'a, entered Tongzhou.
This also means that The mission of Shengbao is over, and Shaanxi has ushered in the era of Dolonga.
His arrival completely ended the rampant rebellion in Shaanxi, and in that difficult era, when the people were tragically destroyed by the rebels, Dolonga was undoubtedly a "savior", a "great hero" who liberated the people from hanging upside down and saved the people from water and fire.
After his death, ancestral halls were built throughout Shaanxi to enshrine heroic spirits.
After Dolonga arrived in Tongzhou on the twenty-seventh day, the garrison was eight miles outside the city.
At this time, tongzhou can be described as a scorched earth in the four townships, the rebels are running rampant, and the soldiers and civilians in the city are exhausted and waiting to die.
The grain routes outside the city were blocked, and the rebel horses roared in, traveling around, burning and looting.
During Shengbao's time in Shaanxi, although he dealt a blow to the rebels, the strength of the soldiers was weak and could not be eradicated, and this person was greedy, borrowed donations from officials and gentry, and enriched his own pockets in a big way, and after entering Xi'an, he treated the rebels passively and passively, relying on the strength of Lei Zhengxuan alone, resulting in the rebels rising up again and again, and continuing endlessly.
Entering the South Courtyard of Xi'an, he was exclusively wine-colored and enjoyable, and the "backyard flowers" were endless every day.
There was also the intention of recruiting Miao Peilin into Shaanxi, which aroused the vigilance of the imperial court, so it killed him.
Katsuho did not take advantage of the victory to pursue, causing the rebels to roar across the land of Guanzhong, killing innocent civilians, and making the local people feel frightened, trembling all day long, and talking about thieves.
There were 4 peasants walking on the country road, and suddenly a mule came from behind, and on it sat a young thief with a wooden spear, about thirteen or four years old.
The drink ordered the four adult strong men to kneel on the side of the road, the four did not dare to resist at all, obediently obeyed the orders to kneel, the young thief under the mule to search for the four people, with a rope string four hands, pulled behind the mule, and flew away.
A certain township is located in a mountainous area, an old woman sits alone in front of the door, a group of thieves pass by, take pleasure in the old man, strip him of his clothes, wantonly humiliate him, and then stab him to death with a spear.
This situation is exactly the same as when the braids entered the customs in the past, when a Qing soldier in the "Ten Days of Yangzhou" could escort a team of elite soldiers to death.
It is said that Dolonga entered Tongzhou on the twenty-seventh day, and on the twenty-eighth day, the whole team attacked, and within one day destroyed the eight rebel camps in the eastern and western Korean villages of the rebel army.
The rebels retreated south of the Luo River.
On the first day of December, Dolong'a personally went to the southwest of Hancun to check the terrain.
On the second day of the first month of December, Duo Shuai ordered Mu Tushan to command nine battalions, including Fu Kaide, Liu Liansheng, Guan Xingzhuang, Gui Xuegao, Yu Wenke, Zhang Hongyuan, Wang Wannian, Liu Dingbang, and Xu Mingde, to the north bank of the Luo River, build fortifications and build camps, and block the rebels from crossing the river north.
He also ordered Tao Maolin to lead the Maozi battalion, commanding Tan Renfang, Zhou Mansheng, Zhu Xiguang, Zhao Shusheng, and Xiao Heqing' infantry teams, together with the deputy capital Wendler Kexi and Chang Xing'a, commanding the second battalion of the Heilongjiang horse team of Fushou, the second battalion of the Fuping Ajilin horse team, the sixth team of the Jilezhong Ajilin horse team, the eighth team of the Simon Kesik Heilongjiang horse team, the eighth team of the shuangfu Jilin horse team, and the second team of the Jilin horse team of the fighting animal Ula Fukui, and lined up in front of the front.
Duo Shuai led Jiang Yushun to the Kaihua battalion, Lan Siming Feihu right battalion, and Meng Zongfu's personal soldiers to the right battalion to be the vanguard.
After the commander left the camp, he saw the rebels camped on the opposite bank.
Ling Tao Maolin led three battalions to cross the Luo River from downstream to lure the rebels and attract their main forces.
The rebels were sure to succeed in the plan, so they attacked Tao Maolin with all their strength.
Doron a self-led battalion of the second battalion of Gajushi Guang crossed the Luo River and directly attacked the rebel camp.
The officers and men of the three battalions unleashed rockets, foreign guns, and the rebel camp was flared with fire when they landed, and the officers and men occupied the rebel camp, and the rebel army was unable to support itself and retreated to the west.
The officers and soldiers pursued and killed for five or six miles, the rebels came to the reinforcements of the four roads, the two sides fought for two hours, the officers and soldiers were not strong, and the commanders ordered the nine battalions of Mutushan, leaving half of them to build a fortress, and the other half immediately rushed across the river to join forces to attack.
Mutushan's reinforcements joined forces with the pursuing officers to cut the rebels in two.
The rebels dug trenches to defend the stronghold and engaged in positional warfare with the officers and soldiers, and Xu Mingde, an officer of the Duolong Abe battalion, led his troops to break through, killed the rebel camp, and died of exhaustion.
The officers' artillery battered the rebel positions, and the infantry team kept firing at the rebels and slowly advanced.
By the second time, the rebels were defeated, and the wolves rushed across the Luo River to return to the camp.
At this time, the ninth battalion of Mutushan had built the fortifications, and the battalions were also stationed on the shore, and the communication with each other was huge.
The first battle of the many marshals was extraordinary, and the rebels all shrank to the camp on the south bank of the Luo River.
Subsequently, Duo Shuai ordered That Lei Zhengxuan concentrate on the West Road, and chenglu would be dispatched by him.
Duo Shuai specially ran the East Road, with Wangge Village and Qiangbai Town as the main targets, and then from Huazhou and Weinan all the way to Xi'an.
Please urge Mutena to go to office quickly.
The rebels in the Hanzhong area informed Sichuan Province to allocate troops to help suppress it, and ordered Mao Zhenshou to focus on Hanzhong affairs, with Ma Dezhao as a backup.
The above arrangement is in order, and the dawn of chaos in Shaanxi has emerged.
First, it should be properly arranged, and the many marshals took over the Shengbao Guan defense, commanded the Shengbao armies, and shengbao returned to Beijing to wear the crime.
The commanders began to count the number of soldiers in each battalion of Shengbao, totaling more than 120,000 people, but the number of soldiers was only 78 out of 10, and the quality was uneven.
Among them, Song Jingshi's Jingdong Camp, the Garrison Songrui's Xishun Camp, the Garrison Lei Fengming's Horse Team Chengshun Camp, Wang Yongqing's Qingkai Camp, the Guerrilla Zhang Delu's Pro-Army Small Red Banner, and the Dusi Zhuo Wuchen's Big Red Banner were all rebels taken in by Shengbao.
The rest were the vice-capitals Changhai, Ulxing'a and other Heilongjiang, Jilin horse teams, which were partly horse teams mobilized by the imperial court from the northeast.
After assessment and elimination, careful selection, 2,100 people were left, divided into three battalions, and the members were appointed to lead the group.
Two thousand three hundred and twenty-eight men confiscated their firearms and were dismissed at a cost.
As for Song Jingshi, when Katsuho handed over the defense of the pass, he expressed his willingness to return to Lei Zhengxuan's dispatch and ordered him to go to Sanyuan to garrison.
Song Jingshi then led the team to go.
His team marched to The town of Lujing in Heyang, and Song Jingshi led the team to change its route to the northeast.
At this time, Katsuho was recuperating in Heyang, and heard Song Jingshi leading the team to leave, and passed it to the apartment, knowing the great righteousness, so that he would not be born with other thoughts, and wholeheartedly understand the country.
Song Jingshi knelt in front of Shengbao and cried, bent on breaking away from the official army, hoping to return to his hometown in Shandong, and expressed to Shengbao that he would never rebel against the imperial court.
Song Jingshi was known for his great ambitions, a native of Guan County, Liaocheng County, Shandong, who participated in the White Lotus Sect Uprising and later joined the Twist Army, with the headquarters of the Black Flag.
During Katsuho's invasion of the Twist army, he surrendered to Katsuho, and it can be said that his people rose step by step within the system under Katsuho's cultivation, and now Katsuho has been impeached, coupled with Dolong'a's rectification of the troops, he is dissatisfied and wants to lead the team back to his hometown in Shandong.
Duolong'a sent the viceroy Cheng Ming, the deputy governor Jin Shun, to heyang with horse infantry, and the area around Hancun intercepted Song Jingshi.
He also flew to Shanxi Tofu Yinggui, and the deputy capital of Xi'an, who temporarily resided in Puzhou, to prevent Song Jingshi from entering Jin Province.
In Heyang, the message from the counties of Hancheng came that "Song Jingshi was equivalent to robbing a charcoal boat at the mouth of the junction river on the fifth day of the first month, and buying food along the way from the white horse crossing the river, and there was no nuisance." ”
After Song Jingshi crossed the river, he galloped back to Liaocheng, Shandong.
There are two theories of his final whereabouts:
First, he was killed by Inspector Yinghan of Shandong
Second, like another reckless hero, Zhang Zongyu, he landed safely, and some people said that at the age of 80, he also saw Song Jingshi in his hometown.
Although the rebels lost outside the capital of Tongzhou and on the north bank of the Luo River, they were analyzed from the comparison of forces between the two sides.
The rebels still have the conditions to win.
In terms of weapons and equipment:
The rebels' initial weapons were only bamboo poles and knives, large knives and spears, and a small number of foreign guns and cannons were captured from the Han regiment and Qing soldiers, and the Ningxia Sect Leader supported some Russian guns and artillery.
The armament of the Dolonga army: the old hot and cold weapons, large knives, spears and guns are complete, and some are equipped with Western guns.
The two sides are basically flat
Location and people:
The rebels were numerous, fierce in battle, numerous in horses, convenient in their movements, well supplied with supplies, and familiar with the local battles, terrain, and geography.
However, when the officers and troops had been fighting in Guannei for a long time, they were exhausted, the supply of food and materials was difficult, and the soldiers were dissatisfied with the northern climate, water and soil, and three out of ten were plagued by sores, Dolonga was suffering from hemorrhoids and could not ride horses, and Mutushan was also suffering from sores, and his behavior was inconvenient.
At the time of the handover of the old and new Qing armies, Dolonga's rectification of Katsuho's old department led to internal instability in the army.
The rebels had the upper hand
If the rebels adopt correct strategies and tactics, give full play to their own strengths, attack the enemy's weak points, "avoid the long skills", and concentrate their forces in the movement war, it is completely possible to defeat the Qing army.
But this opportunity was let go by themselves.
In the process of counterattacking the Dolonga encirclement and suppression, the rebels still followed the defensive strategic principle of "building deep trenches and accumulating grain in large quantities."
Tactically, it was a positional battle with the officers and soldiers, using the old-fashioned formation of intensive battles, facing well-trained officers and soldiers, and suffering heavy casualties.
Although Dolonga's army was comparable to the rebels in terms of firepower, it was in a suppressive advantage over the rebels in the skillful use of firearms and other ordnance and the comprehensive use of firepower.
And Dolonga is good at adjusting strategy and tactics at any time according to the actual situation of the local battlefield.
He learned the lesson of Shengbao, and after entering the battlefield of Shaanxi, he adopted the rolling camp method tactic of "moving forward step by step" and "moving forward in more layers" to encircle and suppress the rebels from east to west.
From Dolonga to Shaanxi, the rebels were in a disadvantageous situation of gradual defeat and retreat.
Dolonga's great victory on the second to fourth day of the first month of December, beheading thousands of rebels, drowning hundreds of people in the river, and the rebels in the same state were all afraid, feeling that this big marshal was different from Katsumiya Bao.
The use of firearms by many armies, especially the use of artillery, has caused great damage to the rebels, so that there is a saying that "many dolls, cannon bowls are large", and the panic and fear of the Qing artillery can be described as vivid.
The rebels were defeated and retreated to the village of Wangge and the town of Qiangbai.
The two areas were important base areas for the rebels in the eastern part of the province, and they were tightly fortified outside the village, "digging long trenches from the sand nest, bypassing Qiangbai Town and Wangge Village for more than ten miles, crossing and widening, and going straight and deep."
Five miles from Qiangbai Town, there are eight camps, as a barrier to Wangge Village, Qiangbai Town is the strongest defense, "the wall of the fortress is standing thousands of people, the antlers and dolphins are fenced, the dense rows are heavy, the surrounding is full of thorns, and the fortress police buildings are high and cloudy", and the rebels stubbornly resist the encirclement and suppression of many armies with deep ditches and fortifications.
From the beginning of December, Duolong'a continued to move his camp to Wangge Village and Qiangbai Town.
On the twenty-eighth day, it was already approaching the four miles of Wang Ge Village.
In the face of Dorona's strong blows, the rebels began to beg for caresses repeatedly, and Doronga reprimanded him sternly and would never accept it.
On the 29th, the rebels sent Ha Liansheng, who had been kidnapped and surrendered earlier, and another officer Xian Yunong, who had surrendered before surrendering, to surrender to the officers, but they were again refused.
The next day, the officers and horses attacked four times, fighting with the enemy outside Wangge Village for one day, killing more than a thousand enemy people, and in the evening, the officers and soldiers returned to the camp.
The rebels followed the officers and soldiers in their tails and harassed them, and the officers and men pretended to retreat and lured them to the side of the barracks trenches; the rebels did not know what the plan was, thinking that the officers and soldiers were timid, so the brigade of people and horses rushed to the trenches, built a long ladder on the trench, and pounced on the officers and soldiers camp.
The large force had just crossed the trench, the gates of the officers' camp were wide open, and three cannons were fiercely bombarding the rebels, and the rebels fell to the ground in the face of artillery fire.
Mutushan's troops went around to the rear of the rebels and opened fire on them, and the rebels were attacked on their stomachs and backs, and the corpses were scattered all over the ground, plus the sky was dark, they trampled on each other, and they were killed and wounded.
The next day is New Year's Day, and the officers and soldiers have a day off.
On the fourth day of the second day of the first month, Dolonga issued a general attack order, the officers and troops attacked with all their troops, and outside wangge village, the rebels dug traps everywhere, laid plum blossom piles inside, and built a wall outside the village in a vain attempt to hold on.
The officers and soldiers marched forward, and the rebels were defeated as soon as they made contact, and the officers and soldiers pursued and killed along the road, destroying the fortress wall along the way and reaching the rebels' lair.
Duolonga sent gentry into the village to persuade the rebels, and some rebels in Wangge Village surrendered to the officers and soldiers, handed over 300,000 taels of silver and more than ten vehicles of ordnance, and surrendered to Duolonga.
On January 29 of the second year of tongzhi, Dolong'a personally supervised the various armies, divided into separate routes, set up ambushes on all sides, and attacked the town of Qiangbai.
More than 10,000 rebels on the unfallen South Road in Wangge Village attacked the qing army rear, and the rebels in Qiangbai Town "came out of the long trench of the north gate and resisted desperately."
The officers and soldiers pretended to be defeated and retreated, and the enemy army came to pursue, ambushed the troops, and killed more than 2,000 enemy people.
On the first day of February, the officers and troops entered the town of Qiangbai, and many marshals strictly enforced military discipline - no indiscriminate killing, so they used artillery and foreign guns to shoot at the defenders, covering the infantry to fill in the trenches.
The armies climbed on a long ladder to climb to the aid, and the rebels intensively shot at the soldiers on the ladder, spear stabbing, and occasionally pouring boiling soup.
The artillery of the officers and soldiers opened the gate, and as soon as the officers and soldiers rushed in, the rebels immediately disintegrated, and the town of Qiangbai was captured.
At the same time, Duolong'a divided his troops attacked the recalcitrant enemy in Wangge Village, and the rebels learned that Qiangbai had fallen, and Yu Junwei did not dare to fight.
The officers and soldiers attacked the Qiangbai Zhiwei and invaded the village of WangGe, attacking in all directions, and the rebels were either killed in battle or fled, and the rest fled.
In the battle, more than 10,000 enemy soldiers were killed, ordnance, vehicles, mules and horses were captured, and more than forty leaders were killed.
The rebel lair on the Eastern Road was completely destroyed, and it was also the biggest victory of the official army since the Shaanxi Rebellion.