Author: Dehengshu
On October 5, 1937, when the joint anti-Japanese front was formed, a major case occurred in Yan'an: Huang Kegong, the captain of the sixth team of the third phase of the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University, killed Liu Qian, a student of Northern Shaanxi Public School, because he could not get married. Immediately after this case occurred, there was an uproar. Chiang's camp used the case to hype up accusations. In Yan'an, because Huang Kegong had made great contributions to the revolution, two voices appeared. Some people advocate that Huang Kegong be allowed to go to the front line and either wear a crime and make meritorious contributions, or die on the battlefield, and some people advocate that Huang Kegong be brought to justice. Finally, at the chairman's insistence, only a week later, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region High Court sentenced Huang Kegong to death and executed him immediately. So, what kind of great contribution did Huang Kegong have to the revolution, causing the chairman to bitterly approve the execution of the death penalty, and some people even likened it to "tears and horses"? Today we will analyze this matter together.
The scene of Huang Kegong's judgment pronounced by the film restoration
Huang Kegong, born in 1911 in Nankang, Jiangxi, joined the revolution in 1927, joined the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army in 1930, and joined the organization in the same year. It is conceivable that Huang Kegong fought with the chairman from the Jinggangshan period, and he was an old Red Army who participated in the Long March. And Huang Kegong's most brilliant time was when Lou Shan Pass made a great achievement. Many historical sources have such a narrative, but what is the specific achievement is not explained.
Liu Qian and Huang Kegong
Loushan Guan's great victory, the chairman wrote the famous "Reminiscence of Qin'e LoushanGuan", "Xiongguan Mandao is really like iron, and now strides from the beginning to cross" sung through the ages, this song is the chairman's personal visit to the battlefield after the Loushan Pass victory. The mood of the word is not only broad, but also the feeling of the lyricist sweeping the block in the chest is also fully expressed. Since the Red Army fought twice at Loushan Pass in early 1935, some people mistakenly thought that this poem was made after the first Battle of Loushan Pass, but in fact, it was written after the Second Battle of Loushan Pass, that is, after the great victory of Loushan Pass.
The first Battle of Loushan Pass took place on January 7, 1935, when the Red Army occupied Zunyi for the first time. At that time, in order to realize the established intention, with Zunyi as the center to establish a "new base area on the border of Sichuan and Qianqian", the fourth regiment of the second division of the Red First Army pursued hou zhidan of the Qian army in the north, conquered Loushan Pass, occupied Tongzi City, and established a defensive barrier north of Zunyi. The Second Battle of Loushan Pass took place at the end of February 1935. At that time, after the Red Army lost the Battle of Tucheng and experienced Tashi reorganization, the chairman unexpectedly commanded the eastward march and the second fight against Zunyi. Since the chairman had not yet grasped the command authority before the Zunyi conference, even if the Red Army hit Loushan Pass, even if it was beautiful, it would not make the chairman feel like "starting from the beginning" with a block in his chest. On the other hand, the second strike of Loushan Pass not only occurred after the chairman restored his command position, but also the results achieved were particularly remarkable, and it was a great victory in annihilating more than a thousand enemy people, so the chairman was touched by the scene and wrote down a masterpiece.
After the Zunyi Conference, the chairman had just restored the command of the Red Army and prepared to cross the Yangtze River in the north and enter southern Sichuan. Not wanting the Sichuan army to be fierce, not only did the Red Army suffer losses in Tucheng, but also when the Red Army advanced west to Tashi, it came from the north and south. This situation, for the chairman and the Red Army, can be described as "embattled" and is in danger. Fortunately, the chairman used his troops like gods, took a surprise in a desperate situation, commanded the Red Army to return to Guizhou in the east, fought Zunyi twice, and won a great victory at Loushan Pass, so that the Red Army gradually turned from passive to active.
Erdu Chishui to figure
The Zunyi Conference saved the Red Army, but at that time the Red Army was still facing the danger of being surrounded and blocked by the enemy. The reason why the Red Army was able to grasp the initiative step by step during the Long March was because the chairman made the correct decisions again and again after the Zunyi Conference, and the officers and men of the Red Army fought bravely and won victories after victory. As the first great victory won by the chairman of the Red Army after the Zunyi Conference, the chairman and the commanders and fighters of the Red Army regained confidence. It is precisely because the significance of the Great Victory at Loushan Pass is extraordinary, so Huang Kegong's great merit in this battle has a very unusual significance.
From February 18 to 21, 1935, the Red Army abandoned the plan to cross the Yangtze River in the north and returned to Guizhou with the second crossing of Chishui. On February 24, the Red First Army made a surprise attack on Tongzi County, and Wang Jialie and Hou Zhidan of the Qian army immediately sent elite troops to reinforce. Since the enemy of Tongzi was vulnerable, the Red First Army soon occupied Tongzi. The Red Third Army continued the Red First Army and was ordered to attack Loushan Pass. As a result, on the 25th, the 13th Regiment of the Vanguard Regiment of the Third Red Army happened to encounter the 6th Regiment of the elite Du Zhaohua Brigade of the Qian Army on the way, and the two sides exchanged fire. The Qian army was elite and retreated, retreating to Loushan Pass in an attempt to hold on to the natural danger and wait for reinforcements.
After the sixth regiment of the Qian army returned to Loushan Pass, the regimental commander Liu Heming deployed two battalions to hold the right wing, one battalion and one company to hold the left wing, and the rest of the troops to build fortifications on the pass. At this time, Bai Huizhang, commander of the Qian Army Division, also ordered the Tenth Regiment and the Sixteenth Regiment to reinforce Loushan Pass, and the Fifteenth Regiment to garrison the Banqiao behind Loushan Pass to prevent the Red Army from plagiarizing the rear road.
Soon, the 13th Regiment of the Sixth Regiment of the Qian Army also came to Loushan Pass, and the enemy's attempt to hold on to waiting for help had long been seen through by Peng Dehuai, commander of the Red Third Army. Looking at the steep terrain of Loushan Pass," where "two peaks are sandwiched together," Peng Dehuai immediately ordered the 13th regiment that arrived first to attack the flank of Loushan Pass. Because Peng Dehuai knew that if he could not take advantage of the enemy's empty strength to take down Loushan Pass, then when the enemy reinforcements arrived, they would inevitably fall into a vicious battle, and even let the Red Army fall into a desperate situation.
Peng Dehuai, the commander of the Red Third Army at the time of the Long March
Therefore, Peng Xuefeng, commander of the 13th Regiment, and Su Zhenhua, political commissar, personally commanded one battalion to attack Dianjin Mountain in the two peaks, and the remaining two battalions provided fire cover. The first battalion sent two stormtroopers under the cover of strong firepower to climb up the cliff, and finally before the arrival of enemy reinforcements, they took the commanding heights of Jinshan, allowing the Red Army to take down their heels in front of Loushan Pass. Subsequently, the enemy frantically launched a counterattack on Loushan Pass, but the second and third battalions of the 13th Regiment relied on the favorable terrain of Jinshan to withstand the enemy's repeated attacks.
Peng Xuefeng, the leader of the Red 13 regiment at the time of the Loushan Guanjie, died in the War of Resistance Against Japan
In the afternoon of the battle, after a short rest, the 13th Battalion began to charge the Big Sharp Mountain in the two peaks. Dajianshan and Dianjin mountain are basically isolated peaks, with only one rope bridge in the middle, so the attack is more arduous. It was not until 4 p.m. that the first battalion took Dajianshan after launching five charges and losing a lot of troops, and finally took control of the hills on both sides of Loushan Pass. At dusk, when the first battalion took Loushan Pass, Liu Heming led the remaining troops of the six regiments of the Qian army to retreat to the Black Temple in Guannan, and joined forces with the four regiments defending here.
Loushan Pass is in full swing
On the night of the 25th, the 10th, 11th, and 12th regiments of the Third Red Army also approached Loushan Pass. Peng Dehuai ordered the 12th Regiment to replace the 13th Regiment to defend Loushan Pass, and the 10th Regiment and 11th Regiment secretly detoured back to the rear flank of Loushan Pass to attack the enemy's 15th Regiment and Gaoping Bridge at Banqiao, cut off the connection between Banqiao and Zunyi, and cut off the enemy's retreat.
On the 26th, the enemy's reinforced 10th regiment and 16th regiment arrived and immediately gathered the strength of four regiments to counterattack Loushan Pass. However, due to the heroic battle of the officers and men of the Red 12th Regiment and the geographical advantage, despite the fierceness of the enemy's fire, they still blocked the enemy's 6 charges. At this time, the 10 regiments that rushed to Banqiao beat the enemy's 15 regiments, and the 11th regiment also took the Gaoping Bridge, cutting off the enemy's retreat. The enemy's 4th, 6th, 10th, and 16th regiments at Loushan Pass became the "turtle in the urn", and finally the Red First Army cooperated with the Red Third Army to annihilate the enemy, and the second dozen Loushan Pass ended with a great victory for the Red Army. Due to the heavy losses of the Qian army, the Red Army soon attacked Zunyi again, and successfully repelled Wu Qiwei's troops who came to reinforcements, defusing the crisis.
Analyzing the battle experience of the Great Victory at Loushan Pass, combined with Huang Kegong's resume as a battalion instructor and regimental political commissar during the Long March, the author believes that since Huang Kegong was neutral in the Loushan Pass Victory, and the political commissars of the regiments of the Red Third Army who were mainly attacking at that time were not Huang Kegong, it can be judged that Huang Kegong's duties should be that of the instructors of the 13th Regiment and the first battalion. According to the tradition that the Red Army's combat political work cadres usually lead the charge, it is obvious that Huang Kegong made great contributions by bravely charging to seize Loushan Pass. This also explains that many chiefs, including the chairman, regretted his killing of Liu Qian.
Stills of Lou Shan Guan's great victory
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