The light snow festival has passed, and the first snow has fallen in many places. In addition to building snowmen, do you want to try these ways to play?
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Cherry blossoms in spring, stars in summer, full moon in autumn, and early snow in winter have always been the places where the ancients enjoyed the four hours. Whether it is watching the snow at the window, or stepping on the snow to find plums, or boiling snow to cook tea, it adds endless elegance and fun to ordinary life.
Poetry
When the snow falls, the distant mountains are plain white, the near water is pure, and the literati and scholars face this scene, and naturally they cannot help but chant poetry. Yang Fu, a famous scholar of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, once wrote a four-word poem "Xue Zan", "Zi Qing to hua, multiply the qi to fei; when the elephant can be fresh, that is, clean into hui", the minister Huan Yin praised it, handwriting on the fan. Xie An, a heavy minister, once gathered in the "cold and snow days" to gather the sons and daughters of the family to "talk about literature and art". Between the words, "Russia and snow suddenly", Xie An pointed at the snow in the sky, asked "what is the snow like", nephew Xie Lang blurted out, "The difference in the air is comparable to the salt", Xie An's niece and talented daughter Xie Daoyun said, "Not as if the willows were raised by the wind."
Xie Daoyun later married Wang Xizhi's second son Wang Ningzhi, and her uncle Wang Huizhi, the fifth son of Wang Xizhi, also had a trip to "visit Dai on a snowy night". Wang Huizhi was living in Shanyin (in present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang), "heavy snow at night", heard the sound of snowflakes falling, woke up in his dream, let the domestic servant open the door of the house, "look around Kyauran", see the snow reflecting the moon, bright and boundless, so he drank a glass of wine and chanted the Western Jin Dynasty Zuosi's "Hidden Poems". Shi Yun, "The staff is a hermit, and the absurdity is across the ancient and modern." The cave has no structure, and there is a harp in the mound. White snow stops Yin Gang, Dan Bao Yao Yang Forest". Wang Huizhi groaned for a long time, the cup of wine was more than halfway, suddenly felt this night this snow this wine this poem, need someone to appreciate the drink with the same chanting party for pleasure, I remembered my friend Dai Kui that is, Dai Andao.
Dai Kui lived in Ji County (剡县, in present-day Shengzhou, Shaoxing, Zhejiang), nearly 200 miles from Shanyin. Nowadays, the distance of driving for an hour or so is high in ancient times, not to mention the snow night rush. But Wang Huizhi ignored the obstacles and was long, and that night he "took a small boat to it". Overnight, Fang went to the front of Dai Kui's door. Just when he was about to knock on the door, Wang Huizhi "did not go forward and returned", turning his head and returning. Someone asked why this was so, and Wang Huizhi replied, "I have traveled with pleasure and returned with all my pleasure, so why should I see Dai?" Later generations commented that Wang Huizhi's "willful laissez-faire" was a representative of the demeanor of Wei and Jin who was unrestrained and unrestrained, and the act of "visiting Dai on a snowy night" was indeed worthy of this name.
Drink alcohol to cook tea
Wang Hui's "Snow Night Visit dai" was encountered during the period and did not meet, but Bai Juyi called friends when the snow had not yet fallen. One evening, the sky was overcast, and a twilight snow was brewing. When the green ant wine in Bai Juyi's home was just brewed at its best, the fire of the small mud stove was burning vigorously, and the red flame reflected the foam floating green wine. Bai Juyi wrote a poem inviting his friend Liu Nineteen to come and drink: "Green ant new wine, red clay small stove." Late to the day want snow, can you drink a cup of nothing? Liu Nineteen received the poem, presumably he should be ordered to drive there, together with the hearth to drink, to dissipate this snowy dusk.
Drinking on a snowy night, it is certainly indispensable to Li Bai, who "claims to be a minister in wine". Li Bai once drank wine with his friends in the snow night in Qiupu Qingxi, "the snowflake wine is extinguished, and the night is cold and nothing", a cup down, warm the heart and warm the body. In the weather of "Last Night Wu Zhongxue", Li Bai wrote a poem to his friend Wang XII, recalling that the two of them drank on the snowy night of that year, and boldly said that "life is in a hundred years, and it must be full of eternal love".
It was also a snowy night, but Du Mu's drinking was a few more lonely. Degraded to the history of local thorns, he "drank in the early winter night", borrowed wine to dispel sorrows and "occasional pleasure", cold and twilight, drank alone with candles, only "guest sleeves invaded frost and candle plates", and felt more self-injurious. The wine invaded the intestines and was even more worried, so I had to quit drinking and stand by the railing, see "a pile of snow under the pear blossoms", and could not help but sigh "who will rely on the railing next year". The flow is uncertain, the hometown is full of feelings, the career is not encountered, and the ambition is difficult to reward, all in this cup of snow wine.
In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, a snowy night of drinking opened the prelude to the reconstruction of reunification. At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, Taizu Zhao Kuangyin and his brother Zhao Guangyixue visited Zhao Pu at night, and the three monarchs roasted meat and drank around the stove, setting a unified strategy of first south and then north, and finally cleaned up the old mountains and rivers that split the five dynasties at the end of the Tang Dynasty.
Three or five friends drink on the snow, naturally a cup of tea. According to wu zimu's "Record of Dream Liang" of the Southern Song Dynasty, "poets who encounter this scene use Laxue Sencha, chant poems, and sing more and more.". The snow liquid is clear and sweet, and the tea stove is cooked and fried, and the ancients liked to sweep the new snow off the branches and boil the tea. Tang Dynasty tortoises have poems "idle to sit in the pine room, watch the boiled pine on the snow", Bai Juyi once "cold chanted frost hair sentences, idle taste snow water tea", Sikong Tu was sleepy in winter, "the mid-night tea was boiling when it was shocking, it was the cold window bamboo Xueming".
However, according to the Qing Dynasty Zhenjun's "Tea Sayings • Choosing Water", "snow water tastes clear, but there is rustic gas, stored in a clean urn, and can be drunk after years", so the truly elegant people are to take the snow on the petals and store it in a jar urn, bury it deep underground for the coming year. In the forty-first episode of "Dream of the Red Chamber", Miao Yu uses the falling snow on the plum blossoms collected five years ago to cook tea for Bao Yu. Snowflakes on the pine have a delicate wood fragrance; when the snow falls on the plum, there is a dark fragrance. Ming Dynasty Gao Lian's "Snow Sweeping and Cooking Tea Play Painting" Cloud, "Tea is cooked in snow, the taste is clearer... Not subject to dust and dirt, the ghost people sip this, enough to break the cold."
Boiling snow cooking tea, drinking not only the style of snow, but also health. According to the Ming Dynasty Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica", "Laxuegan is cold and non-toxic, detoxifies all poisons, and cures the qi plague when the heavens are traveling", which has a good effect on the epidemic. A lamp of snow water tea of "Xuesheng Yuquan Tea Shengzhi" enters the lungs, "there is no longer any concern, and it is not worth living in the world for a hundred years" (Lu You", "Sencha after snow").
Walk on the snow to find plums, and watch the snow in the middle of the lake
When the hearth is drunk for a long time, the body is steaming. Some people will not be able to hold back, get up and push the door, step on the snow to find plums, and see "plum blossoms breaking jade, Ruixue Feiyao". Emperor Xiao Gang of the Southern and Northern Dynasties Liang Guo JianWen Emperor had "Looking for Plum Blossoms in the Snow", and the poem Yun "Absolutely surprised the plum blossoms late, and competed for a peep in the snow"; Ouyang Xiu of the Northern Song Dynasty once saw "the first sale of plum blossoms, plum snow and harmony, and magpies wearing flowers"; Zhang Xiaoxiang of the Southern Song Dynasty wrote that Mei Xue was dependent on each other, "The snow moon is the most suitable, and the plum snow is clear" "The world is strange, only plum blossom branches are snowing".
If there is no snow on the plum, it will be a little less interested, and the Southern Song Dynasty female lyricist Zhu Shuzhen said bluntly, "Sending plum blossoms and Ning Nai, the branches are not snowy to see." Liu Kezhuang even criticized Tiangong for not being beautiful, "No Mei Shi Xing Shan, no snow plum blossom cold rest." Chagrin Tiangong hated the place, did not teach Teng Liu to go to Nanzhou." Only meixue phase and mutual dependence can reflect each other, as Lu Meipo said, "There is no snow without spirit, and there is no poetry without snow." The poems of the sun are full of snow and snow, and they are very spring with mei"; Xu Tianquan, a Qing dynasty, also has a poetry cloud, "Mei Kai urges snow and snow to promote plums, and Mei Xue urges people to raise wine glasses".
Ouyang Xiu stepped on the snow to find plums, and Zhang Dai was driving a boat on the lake at night. In December of the fifth year of Chongzhen at the end of the Ming Dynasty (1632), Zhang Dai lived on the banks of the West Lake in Hangzhou. Coinciding with the heavy snow for three consecutive days, "the sound of people and birds in the lake is extinguished". At night, "more fixed" that is, around eight o'clock, the snow first rests, the clouds scatter and the moon rises, hanging in the middle of the sky, Zhang Dai's sex, hiring a lonely boat, wearing a coat, embracing the fire, "going alone to the lake pavilion to see the snow."
Boating in the lake, looking around, only to see "rime and concrete, the sky and clouds and mountains and water, up and down a white", like a piece of rice paper; and "the shadow on the lake, only a trace of the long causeway, a little pavilion in the center of the lake, and a mustard with the Yu boat, two or three people in the boat", as if there are several ink marks. A scroll of the landscape of the West Lake on a snowy night unfolded slowly in front of Zhang Dai.
Late at night without sleep, driving a boat to watch the snow, it is already crazy snow, but I did not think that there were more infatuated people in the snow. As soon as Zhang Dai arrived at the Huxin Pavilion, he saw that two people had already laid out felt mats in the pavilion, sitting opposite each other, and there was a child next to him who was "boiling in the shochu stove". When the two people in the pavilion saw Zhang Dai come up, they suddenly had the feeling of high mountain flowing water meeting Zhiyin, and said with great joy, "There is more this person in the lake", and when they said that they would pull Zhang Dai to drink together. The three of them cooked wine and watched the snow, and Zhang Dai "drank three whites". Gossip life, it turns out that the two are Jinling Nanjing people, but also live here. After drinking goodbye, Zhang Dai returned by boat, and the boatman murmured, "Don't say that Xiang Gong is stupid, and even more foolish is like Xiang Gong."
Some people feast on guests, and some people carry weights forward
On the day of the snow, the white snow of the literati is of course elegant, and the lights of thousands of homes in the streets and neighborhoods also have a lot of interest. The Tang people often used falling snow as a sign to entertain guests. According to Wang Renyu's "Testament of Kaiyuan Tianbao", Wang Yuanbao, the "giant" of Chang'an, "ordered the servant to sweep the snow from the mouth of the alley of Benjiafang as a path, and personally stood in front of the alley to welcome the guests".
This custom influenced the Song Dynasty, according to the Southern Song Dynasty Mengyuan Elder's "Tokyo Dream Record", "the noble house, when the snow is met, the feast is opened". According to the "Record of Dreams", in addition to "the snow falls in the sky, then open a feast and feast", the noble family also "builds snow lions, installs snow mountains, and meets relatives and friends", and the guests "sing in a shallow and low voice, leaning on the jade and snuggling incense". After the feast, "or ride out of the lake", look at the "lake and mountain snow scenery, Yaolin Qiong trees, green peaks like jade". The merchants of the lakeside painting boat are looking at business opportunities, "in the event of heavy snow, there are also rich families playing with snow boats". If the snow stops, "invite friends and friends, tour the streets at night, and watch the dance team to preview the New Year's Eve." The night market has "ginger sauce, dirty, red silk crystal, fried liver, clams, crabs, walnuts, Zezhou dumplings, odd beans, goose pears, pomegranates, chazi, oak oak, rice cakes, dumplings, dumplings, salt soup and the like", which is enough to make people salivate.
The royal "forbidden snow viewing", according to the Southern Song Dynasty's elaborate "Wulin Past", "more Yuming Yuanlou, the back garden into the large and small snow lions, and with golden bells as ornaments, and as snowflakes, snow lanterns, snow mountains and the like, and drip crisp as flowers and events, and with golden pots into the gold pot, for enjoyment", the imperial dining room also "to make miscellaneous fried taste, such as spring plate feast, lamb wine to give". Heavy snow was falling, the weather was cold, and it was inevitable that some people would lack food and clothing, and the emperor would "allocate millions of official coupons in the Inner Treasury to treat the armies, and order Lin'an Province to distribute to the poor, or the Empress's Palace to support itself." Under the leadership of the royal family, "the rich rooms of your families are also the poor in the rich rooms with money and rice."
On the night of heavy snowfall, some people enjoy the quiet years, and some people are carrying the weight of the world forward. The desert "moon black geese fly high", the border guards "heavy snow full of bow knives" to chase the night to escape Shan Yu; "snow dark flag painting, wind and miscellaneous drums", the soldiers braved the snow to go out to "iron riding around the dragon city".
After the Anshi Rebellion of the Tang Dynasty, there were many feudal towns, and the authority of the imperial court was weak. On the night of the snowstorm in October of the twelfth year of Xian Zongyuanhe (817), the famous general Li Yu led his army to brave the snow to fly seventy miles to the dangerous road of Guanshan Mountain, "and the snow overturned camp for one night, and the sacred flag froze the horse silently", captured the most difficult Huaixi domain town, and captured the domain marshal Wu Yuanji. Datang thus built a bottom to recover, achieved "Yuan and ZTE", and almost reproduced the glory of the Tang Dynasty. Liu Yuxi has a poetry cloud, "Suddenly shocked Yuan and twelve years, re-saw Tianbao Chengping". If there is no sand field wind and snow red flag half roll, where to enjoy the snow wind elegant romance.
(The author is Ph.D., Department of History, Chinese Min University)
Wu Peng Source: China Youth Daily
Source: China Youth Daily
!["Treading Snow in Search of Plums"[fig]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)